双语盘点：“全美50个最棒的工作”(组图)

http://www.sina.com.cn   2010年03月18日 14:24   沪江英语  全美50个最棒的工作

　　近日，美国CNNmoney.com通过调查选出了“全美50个最棒的工作”，其中系统工程师名列榜首。

　　这些工作是如何选出来的呢？CNN Money和payscale.com合作，先从7000多个职位中挑出260个年薪中位数在65,000美元(44.36万人民币)、需要大学以上学历、而且未来十年内会增加10%以上的工作，再把这260个工作剔掉前一阵子经济萧条中比较惨淡的几个，留下前100名。这前一百名的职位实际访问35000名员工后，根据目前的就业状况、长期成长、稳定度、生活质量等项目，再将范围缩小到50个职位，就是最佳的50个工作啦！

　　五十个工作中，IT产业就占了十位，除了第一名的系统工程师之外，IT计划项目经理(IT Project Manager)在第五，计算机／网络安全顾问在第八、软件开发工程师在第12、软件产品经理第16。技术编辑(Technical Writer)也榜上有名喔，在第28。

　　但这和医疗照顾产业完全没得比，不仅入榜12名，而且几乎都在前段班--12个里面最差的(Speech-Language Pathologist，啥鬼啊)也有27名。往常比较吃香的金融产业大概受到这次金融风暴的影响，只入榜7名，而且除了注册会计师(Certified Public Account)在第六名之外，其他大多在后段班。前十名如下，附上了工作描述、工作优缺点和加入这个领域的必备条件，有兴趣的小盆友可要读仔细啦！

系统工程师

　　1. Systems Engineer(系统工程师)

　　What they do: They're the "big think" managers on large, complex projects, from major transportation networks to military defense programs. They figure out the technical specifications required and coordinate the efforts of lower-level engineers working on specific aspects of the project。

　　Why it's great: Demand is soaring for systems engineers, as what was once a niche job in the aerospace and defense industries becomes commonplace among a diverse and expanding universe of employers, from medical device makers to corporations like Xerox and BMW。

　　Pay can easily hit six figures for top performers, and there's ample opportunity for advancement. But many systems engineers say they most enjoy the creative aspects of the job and seeing projects come to life. "The transit system I work on really makes a tangible difference to people," says Anne O'Neil, chief systems engineer for the New York City Transit Authority。

　　Drawbacks: Long hours are common; project deadlines can be fierce。

　　Pre-reqs: An undergrad engineering degree; some jobs might also require certification as a certified systems engineering professional (CSEP)。

　　2. Physician Assistant(医师助理)

　　What they do: Call it MD lite. Working under the supervision of a doctor, PAs do all tasks involved in routine medical care, such as diagnosing illnesses and assisting in surgery. In most states they can write prescriptions as well。

　　Why it's great: You get the satisfaction of treating patients minus insurance hassles, since PAs have far less administrative responsibility than the typical MD. "I'm part of a team yet have a lot of autonomy," says PA Robert Wooten。

　　You don't have to take on the time or expense of med school and the field is virtually recession-proof, owing to an ongoing shortage of primary-care physicians. PAs are also far cheaper to employ than MDs, so demand is expected to steadily increase as medical facilities try to rein in costs, says Bill Leinweber, CEO of the American Academy of Physician Assistants。

　　And since they don't need as much specialized training as doctors, PAs can switch from, say, geriatrics to emergency care with relative ease。

　　Drawbacks: It's a fairly new profession, so the number of annual job openings is still small。

　　Pre-reqs: A master's degree; 100 hours of training every two years; recertification every six。大学教授

　　3. College Professor(大学教授)

　　What they do: Teach and grade papers, of course. But profs also spend about half their time doing research and writing articles and books about their field。

　　Why it's great: For starters, major scheduling freedom. "Besides teaching and office hours, I get to decide where, when, and how I get my work done," says Daniel Beckman, a biology professor at Missouri State University. And that doesn't even take into account ample time off for holidays and a reduced workload in the summer。

　　Competition for tenure-track positions at four-year institutions is intense, but you'll find lots of available positions at community colleges and professional programs, where you can enter the professoriate as an adjunct faculty member or non-tenure track instructor without a doctorate degree. That's particularly true during economic downturns, when laid-off workers often head back to school for additional training。

　　More valuable perks: reduced or free tuition for family members and free access to college gyms and libraries。

　　Drawbacks: Low starting pay and a big 50% salary gap between faculty at universities and community colleges. If the position is at a four-year university, you'll probably have to relocate, and you'll be under pressure to constantly publish new work to sustain career momentum。

　　How to get it: For a tenure track position, you'll need a Ph.D. But all colleges want at least a master's degree and prefer plenty of teaching experience。

　　4. Nurse Practitioner(护士)

　　What they do: In addition to performing routine caretaking tasks, nurse practitioners have the advanced medical training to diagnose and treat a wide range of ailments. They can also prescribe medication without consulting an MD。

　　Why it's great: Thanks to the growth of retail health clinics and the shortage of primary-care doctors, opportunities abound for nurse practitioners in settings from hospitals and urgent-care centers to private practice. They can specialize in fields such as women's health or oncology. Experienced nurse practitioners looking for a change of pace can shift to teaching or medical research。

　　Nurse practitioners are also specifically trained in patient teaching; disease prevention is typically a large part of their practice. "Helping people see that small changes in their lifestyles can make a big difference to their health is very rewarding," says New York City nurse practitioner Edwidge Thomas。

　　Drawbacks: Constant insurance headaches. Education requirements are ratcheting up。

　　Pre-reqs: Must first complete training to get license as a registered nurse; master's degree, plus certification. A doctor of nursing practice degree is increasingly in demand, which requires about three additional years of study。

 

IT 项目经理

　　5. Information Technology Project Manager(IT 项目经理)

　　What they do: Keep big tech projects like software upgrades running on time--and on budget. "We bring order to chaos," says April Ellison, an IT project manager in the San Francisco Bay Area。

　　Why it's great: Lots of opportunity. "Just about all companies need techsavvy people who are great managers," says Houston tech recruiter Linda Ranostaj. Figuring out how to implement cutting-edge technologies keeps the job challenging。

　　Good upward mobility: IT project managers can rise to chief technology officer of a company, where the salaries can hit $300,000.

　　Do you prefer to work for yourself? The field offers plenty of consulting work。

　　Drawbacks: Hours (and hours and hours) of meetings. Aggressive project timelines. Staff jobs can be outsourced to consultants。

　　Pre-reqs: Five to seven years of technology and computer-related experience. A project management professional certification, along with an MBA, will enhance career prospects。6. Certified Public Accountant(注册会计师)

　　What they do: Crunch the numbers, whether it's for financial analysis or tax preparation。

　　Why it's great: Businesses began stocking the payroll with CPAs after major accounting scandals earlier this decade, and a host of new corporate accounting rules going into effect soon should ratchet up demand further。

　　Government agencies are also hiring CPAs, to monitor how well companies are complying with the new regs. Add inevitable changes to personal income tax rules and you have a pretty recession-proof profession。

　　"Unless Congress does away with taxes, we'll always have work," says CPA Lisa Featherngill of Winston-Salem, N.C. Some 33,000 independent CPAs also work for themselves, typically as tax preparers。

　　Drawbacks: Deadlines are nonnegotiable; if you're in tax preparation, kiss your personal life goodbye between mid-February and April 15.

　　Pre-reqs: A certification exam and, typically, 150 hours of business and accounting classes and work experience。

　　7. Physical Therapist(物理治疗师)

　　What they do: Restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion to people who have been sidelined by injury, illness, or disease。

　　Why it's great: Unlike many health-care professionals, physical therapists generally see great progress in their patients. "I don't just treat the symptoms--I give people the tools to get better," says Jennifer Gamboa, an orthopedic physical therapist in Arlington, Va. Plus, there's no overnight or shift work。

　　Medical advances that allow a growing number of people with injuries and disabilities to survive are spurring demand, says Marc Goldstein, senior director of research at the American Physical Therapists Association. And hey, baby boomers' knees aren't getting any younger: An aging population means more chronic conditions that need physical therapy treatment。

　　Drawbacks: The impact of health reform on the profession is a wild card. Can be physically demanding。

　　Pre-reqs: A master's degree, plus certification and state licensing. Many employers prefer a doctor of physical therapy degree。

　　8. Computer / Network Security Consultant(计算机／网络安全顾问)

　　What they do: Protect computer systems and networks against hackers, spyware, and viruses. "I consider myself a cybercrime fighter," says Gregory Evans, an independent computer security consultant in Atlanta。

　　Why it's great: No company or government agency can afford to have a serious breach in the security of its computer system. New technologies and an unending supply of creative hackers around the world keep the field challenging. Consultants can often work from home. And top-level pros command big paychecks。

　　Drawbacks: Talk about stress. If a system is infiltrated by a virus or hacker, it could mean lights out for the security consultant's career. "This is a job you can't afford to ever fail in," says Evans。

　　Pre-reqs: Mostly major geekdom, since the skills can be self-taught. Still, a computer science degree comes in handy. An information systems security professional certification (CISSP) is increasingly favored. Experience is key for better-paying positions: Most companies won't hire a consultant with less than five years of experience。

　　Evans took a more unique route: He actually started as a hacker, but was convicted of wire fraud and conspiracy in 2002, served 16 months in prison and was ordered to pay more than $9 million in restitution and fines. After prison, he went the white-hat route, starting a security consulting business in 2003. That year, a chain of computer security stores contracted to sell his cyber security software. He has since done deals with the Atlanta Hawks and The City of Los Angeles。

　　9. Intelligence Analyst(情报分析师，唯一在前十名内的政府工作)

　　What they do: Gather and analyze data related to international policy and military strategy, most often for the government or defense contractors。

　　Why it's great: Like adventure? Data might be collected from satellite images, wiretaps, Internet chatter, and military and spy reports。

　　Given the country's continued vigilance about national security, demand should remain high. "The best part is helping our country," says Nate Copeland, an intelligence analyst in Herndon, Va。

　　Drawbacks: High stress; you often can't talk about your job outside of work。

　　Pre-reqs: Security clearance, of course. Foreign languages and often military experience are a huge plus。

营销总监

　　10. Sales Director(营销总监)

　　What they do: Set and meet sales goals, generate new accounts, and mentor and train new recruits。

　　Why it's great: A successful sales director--especially one who can weather an economic downturn-- will always be sought after。

　　"I feel secure since I'm bringing money into the company," says Holly Anderson, a sales director in St. Helena, Calif。

　　Sales directors often move into high-level management。

　　Drawbacks: Sales down? You're vulnerable to getting the ax. Commission-based pay can fluctuate dramatically. Expect to be on the road about 50% of the time。

　　Pre-reqs: 10 years of sales experience and a year or two in management. A proven track record beats an advanced degree。

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