阿司匹林祛斑有作用吗:美国中学规定必读的十本经典（双语）

美国中学规定必读的十本经典（双语）

中学时，老师给你列过哪些必读书目呢？让我们来看看美国中学生们都读些什么：反歧视，反权威，下层人民的悲惨处境，豪门的肤浅，人性的黑暗，战争的残酷，权力的虚无……通过这些书，对美国文化和历史也能管中窥豹。原文标题为Top 10 Books You Were Requiredto Read in High School，来自于 Time

《杀死一只知更鸟》

To Kill aMockingbird.

Harper Lee's 1960paean to the South is one of the most beloved American novels everwritten. Some of that is due to the 1962 classic film adapted fromit, which stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch, a small-town lawyerwho also happens to be the most upstanding and sympathetic fatherever. But much of the respect accorded the novel (the author's onlybook) has to do with its memorable main characters, brother andsister duo Jem and Scout. With its competing subplots about a blackman on trial for allegedly raping a white woman and the children'sattempts to learn about their reclusive neighbor Boo Radley, thenovel is perfectly structured to provide half a dozen lessons abouthistory and acceptance and injustice and compassion. No wonder it'sthe staple of all middle-school staples. Happy 50th,Mockingbird!

本书是哈泼·李1960年对南方的赞歌，是美国历来最受喜爱的小说之一。部分是因为1962年的改编经典电影。其中，格雷戈里·派克饰演小镇律师阿提卡斯·芬奇，是一位最正直、最有同情心的父亲。但是这本小说（作者唯一的一本）之所以受人尊崇，是因为有令人难忘的主角：一对兄妹詹姆与斯考特。本书有两个次要情节：黑人男子涉嫌强奸白人妇女的审判以及兄妹意图了解孤独的邻居布·拉德利。其结构非常适于提供5、6个有关历史、容纳、不公义、同情的课题。难怪本书是中学必读小说的重中之重。“知更鸟”，50岁生日快乐！

《人鼠之间》

Of Mice andMen.

The Great Depressionand the hardship it caused spawned many classics of Americanliterature that have since become fodder for high school Englishclasses across the nation. Topping the list is John Steinbeck'snovella Of Mice and Men. The plot traces the journey of George andLennie, two migrant workers in California farm country. We meetthem after they've been forced to leave their previous ranch in achain of events chalked up to Lennie's odd behavior. Upon arrivingat their new farm, owned and run by a character known simply as"The Boss," George and Lennie once again find themselves incrosshairs. The strong and complicated bond between the pair forcesGeorge to take weak Lennie's life into his own hands. Along theway, their pursuit of the American Dream (and the attendantprospect of land ownership) falls by the wayside, the victim of aharsh economic downturn, a freak accident and mobhysteria.

大萧条以及其造成的苦难，催生了许多美国经典文学，这些经典后来成为全国各地高中英语课的教材。其中排名第一的是约翰·斯坦贝克的中篇小说《人鼠之间》。故事叙述了加州农场民工乔治与伦尼的旅程。小说一开始，因为伦尼的古怪行为所引起的一连串事件，他们被迫离开了以往工作的牧场。他们到的新的农场，主人就叫做“老板”，他自己经营农场，乔治和伦尼再次成为注目的焦点。两人之间强烈又复杂的联系，致使乔治将脆弱的伦尼，掌控在自己的手中。一路走来，他们的美国梦（以及随之而来，拥有土地的希望）遗弃在路边了，他们成了经济衰退，罕见的意外事件和暴乱的受害者。

《单独和约》

A SeparatePeace.

One of the greatcoming-of-age tales, A Separate Peace is also one of the darkernovels assigned to teenagers. The plot revolves around tworoommates at Devon, a New England boarding school, during thesummer and winter of 1942. The narrator, Gene, an introverted,studious Southerner, recalls his relationship with his best friendPhineas, known as "Finny," a charismatic, gregarious athlete. Overthe course of the summer, Gene becomes envious of Finny's graceful,easy demeanor and takes part in an accident that ends Finny'sathletic career. During the winter, as the country descends intoWorld War II, the boys of Devon wage their own battles against eachother to determine whether Gene intentionally harmed Finny. Thenovel chronicles the boys' maturation as the war encroaches furtherand further into their lives. While Knowles' tale of the journeyfrom innocence to experience has been described as depressing, hiscapture of youthful emotion, surprising maturity and reactions tolife's great tragedies make it a must-read during those awkwardteenage years.

一部杰出的成长经验小说，也是少年指定读物中比较黑暗的。故事围绕在1942年夏季与冬季、新英格兰德文寄宿学校的两位室友。叙述者是一位内向、好学的南方人，回忆他与最好的朋友菲尼亚斯之间的关系。菲尼亚斯小名“芬尼”，是个魅力十足，爱交朋友的运动员。那个夏天，吉恩开始妒忌芬尼优雅、闲适的风度，并且卷入了导致芬尼运动生涯结束的意外事件。那个冬季，美国参加二战，学校的男孩之间也在进行斗争，争论吉恩是否故意伤害了芬尼。《单独合约》记录了男孩的成熟过程，以及战争对他们的生活日益加深的影响。尽管作者诺尔斯的这个从天真到成熟的故事，被看做十分沮丧，他捕捉到青春的情感、惊人的成熟、对生命重大大悲剧的反应，使本书成为青少年尴尬时期的必读小说。

《麦田里守望者》

Catcher in theRye.

Published in 1951,Catcher has long been a literary touchstone for alienated highschool students. Main character Holden Caulfield is the ultimatewhiner — everyone's a phony, everyone's a crumbum, and the onlyperson who is really worth a damn is his little sister. BecauseCatcher is a fairly glum tale about a screwup of a kid who may begoing crazy following the death of his brother, it's really easy toforget that it's kind of the ultimate high school fantasy — Holdenroams around New York City for a couple of days, gets into bars,dances with older women and gets beaten up while trying to procurea lady of ill repute. While it may seem like the boy is justdrifting, that sounds like living! For those very reasons, though,many of today's teens are having trouble relating to the book,according to a June 2009 New York Times article. "I can't reallyfeel bad for this rich kid with a weekend free in New York City,"said one teacher, paraphrasing some of her students. But despitethe generational gap, this book won't be leaving classrooms anytimesoon.

1951年出版，对于大部分高中生学生而言，长期以来一直是文学的试金石。主角霍尔顿·考菲尔德是个不折不扣的牢骚大王——他认为每个人都是冒牌货，每个人都是废物，只有他的小妹才真的有点分量。这个故事相当忧郁，主角在哥哥死后可能发疯，搞砸了一切。正因如此，我们真的很容易忘了这个故事是高中生的终极幻想——霍尔登在纽约闲荡了几天，混进了酒吧，与年纪较大的女人跳舞，想要跟不良妇女进行交易的时候受到殴打。尽管男孩似乎只是无所事事，这些听起却像是生活！不过，根据2009年6月《纽约时报》的一篇文章，正因为如此，许多今天的青少年很难对本书有所共鸣。一位老师转述学生的话：“一位富家子在纽约自由自在的过周末，我真的不会为此感到难过。”尽管有代沟，本书不会很快在教室中消失。

《动物农场》

AnimalFarm.

This classic tale ofan animal revolution gone rogue is George Orwell's allegorical takeon Stalinism. Under two pigs named Snowball and Napoleon, a groupof farm animals overthrow their drunken human caretaker andestablish a new community based on seven commandments, includingthe tenet that all animals are equal. Soon after, Snowball andNapoleon engage in a power struggle to control the farm, withNapoleon emerging on top. He quickly turns Snowball into ascapegoat for a failed windmill project and kills any animals whoappear to have an allegiance to his opponent. As time passes, theswine adopt human traits, soon wearing clothes and walking on twolegs. Before long, the lowly farm animals can no longer distinguishbetween the pigs and the people.

这个动物革命沦为暴力的经典故事，是乔治·奥威尔针对斯大林主义的寓言。在两只猪——雪球和拿破仑的领导下，一群农场的动物推翻了他们酒醉的主人，并成立了一个基于六个信条的社区，信条之一是，所有的动物皆平等。不久之后，雪球和拿破仑进行权力斗争，以控制农场，结果拿破仑获胜。拿破仑很快将雪球变成风车磨房失败的替罪羊，并杀死任何看起来对雪球效忠的动物。时间推移，猪获得了人类的特征，不久就穿上衣服，用两条腿走路。不久之后，农场中卑微的动物不再能区分猪与人。

《蝇王》

Lord of theFlies.

Prominently featuredon the American Library Association's list of the most banned booksever, Lord of the Flies is a complex allegory packed into a tale ofstruggle and survival. The book begins when a plane carrying agroup of British boarding-school students crashes on an isolatedisland. The boys (in the truest meaning of the word; the oldest is13) establish a working society, with Ralph as their charismaticyet humble leader. Order breaks down as Ralph battles with Jack,the leader of the school's choir, and the entire group slowlydescends into chaos. The end, a brutal literal and figurativeshattering of humanity, has served as the book's chief teachingpoint and mark of contention for half a century. Often seen as acautionary tale about the breakdown of civilization, the bookdetails "the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart" and thehorrific possibilities that lie within usall.

《蝇王》是美国图书馆协会历来遭禁最严重图书之中，十分优秀的一本书。它是一本包装成斗争与生存故事的复杂寓言小说。本书开始时，一架载有英国寄宿学校学生的飞机坠落于一个孤岛之上。飞机上的男孩（年龄最大的仅13岁）在该岛建立了一个劳动社会。领导者拉尔夫，有魅力却谦逊。拉尔夫与学校合唱团领导人杰克斗争之际，秩序开始无法维持，并且整个团体陷入混乱。故事最后，人性经历了实质与象征性的破碎，成为本书的教学要点，也是长达半个世纪的争议之所在。本书常被视为文明崩溃的警世故事，详述了“天真的结束，人性的黑暗”，以及深藏所有人内心、令人害怕的种种可能。

《了不起的盖茨比》

The GreatGatsby.

Every school takes a field trip to Long Island,New York, at some point, visiting the Roaring '20s as only F. ScottFitzgerald could write them. Thanks to its evocative setting, richthemes and masterly prose, The Great Gatsby has secured itsstanding as a reading-list staple as well as one of the greatestAmerican novels ever written. Here, the moneyed East meets themodest Midwest, and Fitzgerald's memorable characters — Jay Gatsby,Daisy and Tom Buchanan, Jordan Baker — perpetuate a lavishlifestyle that, alas, doesn't offer much of a life. The enigmaticGatsby has the best parties, but it's Daisy he really wants. He mayhave no shortage of party guests, but he's sorely lacking infuneral attendees. Narrator Nick Carraway is witness to the glitzthat ultimately reflects, notsuccess. 

每间学校到了一定时候，总要到纽约州长岛做“实地考察”，在书中探索只有史考特·菲茨杰拉德笔下才能呈现的咆哮1920年代。由于《了不起的盖茨比》有唤起感情的场景、丰富有趣的主题、精湛的文笔，已确定其在必读书单中的地位以及美国最伟大的小说之一。在书中，东部的豪门遇上中西部的小康。菲茨杰拉德令人难忘的人物——杰伊·盖茨比、黛西、汤姆布·坎南，约旦·贝克——使那种豪华的生活方式永垂不朽；我的天，那真算不得什么生活。神秘的盖茨比很会开派对，但他真正想要的是黛西。他或许宴会从不缺嘉宾，但是葬礼就门可罗雀。叙述者尼克·卡拉韦见证了浮华最终反映的是空虚，不是成功。

《永别了，武器》

A Farewell toArms.

When ErnestHemingway combined his "consciously bald" style with hisexperiences as a World War I ambulance driver, the resulting novelwas an immediate success. Published in 1929, A Farewell to Arms notonly revisits the conflict that had ended just a decade earlier; italso tells of romance. Sadly — not that dutiful American-litstudents would expect to be cheered up by Hemingway — the lovestory isn't any less tragic than the war. Lieutenant Frederic Henryand English nurse Catherine Barkley have to face the fact thatdeath can make its presence known off the battlefield as well ason.

海明威结合了“自觉地光秃”风格与自己在一战时救护车司机的经验，写出来的小说立刻走红。《永别了，武器》出版于1929年，不仅重现了10年前刚结束的战争冲突，也讲述了一个浪漫故事。可悲的是，这个爱情故事跟战争一样是个悲剧，倒不是说一位认真的美国文学学生，会期望海明威的故事能鼓舞人心。弗雷德里克·亨利中尉和英国护士凯瑟琳·巴克利，不得不面对一个事实：即使离开了战场，也逃不掉死亡的阴影。

《红字》

The ScarletLetter

NathanielHawthorne's best-known work opens in Puritan Boston, with youngHester Prynne on trial for adultery. Because she refuses to namethe father of her infant daughter Pearl, Hester is ostracized bythe community and forced to wear a scarlet piece of cloth in theshape of an "A" on her chest — an enduring symbol throughout thebook. This central conflict is the basis for all the themes thenovel examines: sin, repentance, moral purity,forgiveness.

纳撒尼尔·霍桑最著名的作品，场景开始在清教背景下的波士顿。年轻的海丝特·白兰，因通奸罪受审。因为她拒绝说出谁是女婴珍珠的父亲，受到社会排斥，被迫在胸前佩戴一个布做的猩红“A”字——这是贯穿全书的象征。这个核心的冲突是小说一切探讨主题的基础：罪、悔改、道德的无瑕、宽恕。

《麦克白》

Macbeth

As high schoolstudents, we may have been drawn to Macbeth because it's known asthe shortest of the Shakespearean tragedies. But the terselywritten play spares no human frailty — and few characters — on thebattlefield of 11th century Scotland. Whereas decisiveness, thelack thereof and revenge drive the other Great High SchoolShakespearean Play, Hamlet, ambition and personal morality are atthe center of the plot of Macbeth. The play's title character findshimself pitted against a fellow lord, Banquo, when the two are madeprivy to a series of prophecies from a trio of witches. The toilingwitches forecast a future royal line, and the will to power is soonunleashed. Upon losing his wife in the fray, Macbeth delivers hisepic "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" soliloquy, which capturesthe sensation of despair as well as any other verse in the Englishlanguage:

Thatstruts and frets his hour upon the stage,

Andthen is heard no more. It is a tale
Told byan idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifyingnothing ...

高中生想读《麦克白》可能因为它是莎士比亚最短的悲剧。但是这部简洁的戏剧写透了人性的弱点与性格，场景是11世纪苏格兰的战场。另一个风行于高中的重要莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》，是以缺乏果断与复仇为主轴，而《麦克白》则是以野心与个人道德为情节重心。麦克白是本书主角的名字，他得知三个巫婆一连串的预言以后，与另一个贵族邦戈开始对立。女巫预测了未来的皇位继承人，他权力的野心很快就脱缰。麦克白在斗争中失去妻子，说出了“明天，明天，明天”这个史诗般的独白，他的独白捕捉到的绝望感觉，比起其他英文诗句，绝不逊色

人生只不过是行走的影子，可怜的演员

在舞台上，一会趾高气扬、一会焦躁不安，

然后销声匿迹。这是一个故事

自愚人口中说出，充满了声音与愤怒，

没有半点意义...

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