九乡新闻网闪电总部是传销吗:UCLA DIS 180 "Information Ecology" Fall 2008,...
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UCLA DIS 180 “Information Ecology”
Instructor: Dr. John V. Richardson Jr., PhD
Figure 1. Courtesy of Davenport and Prusak (1997)
Fall Term 2008, Wednesdays from 9AM to 12:30PM
121 GSE&IS Bldg., West of Young Research Library
Course Description: A systematic examination of the complex interdependencies of information users with content and context. By drawing on the language of ecology, a critical examination of five major information habitats and the distribution and abundance of information objects such as comic books as well as fiction/non-fiction books, magazines and journals, movies, music, newspapers, software, and technical reports.
Learning Objectives:
1) To foster awareness about the role of information in everyday life and to think critically about the role of various formats of information (aka information objects) in specific information contexts (e.g., how people process information);
2) to give undergraduate students a seminar-like experience (i.e., leading a group discussion on a topic of personal interest by preparing an outline, additional readings, and handouts or PowerPoint presentations, as appropriate; and
3) to provide students a hands-on participant-observation experience with a specific information context on campus (i.e., archive, bookstore, library or, museum).
Class Outline and Meetings:
I. Introduction to Information Ecology (October 1st)
a. Orientation to Course and Requirements
b. Vocabulary
i. Habitat (i.e., shelter, water and food) and Information Ecologies Using the ABC Model
ii. Rate of Dispersion (how widespread are certain species?)
iii. Latin Binominals of Linnaeus or BarCoding (see "Barcode of Life" by Gary Wolf in Wired October 2008)?
c. Questions (for Paper Topics)
i. Where are the significant energy flows (i.e., effort) in the creation of information? In the use of information? How hard or easy is it to find information?
ii. What are the major interactions? Between teachers and library media specialists (see Perrault)? Are there competitive interactions? Between bookstores and libraries?
iii. How do people process information?
iv. What are the information resources available to you?
II. Five Common Information Habitats (October 8th)
a. Home Environment
i. Key Readings:
1. Jenna Hartel, “Appetite for Information in the Hobby of Cooking,” Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 39 (no. 1, 2005): 547-548. (abstract)
2. Wiegand, W. “Mom and Me: A Difference in Information Values,” American Libraries 29 (August 1998): 56-58.
3. Flores, Glenn; Olson, Lynn; and Tomany-Korman, Sandy. "Does Disadvantage Start at Home? Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Early Childhood Home Routines, Safety, and Educational Practices/Resources," Academy Health Meeting (2004): 2--abstract and PowerPoint slides.
4. "The Living Room Scale (revised version of the F. Stuart Chapin scale)," In Paul Fussell, Class: A Guide Through the American Status System (New York: Summit Books, 1983).
b. School (Public/Private) Environment
i. Key Readings:
1. Anne Marie Perrault, “The School as an Information Ecology: A Framework for Studying Changes in Information Use,” School Libraries Worldwide 13 (no. 2, July 2007): 49-62. (Abstract)
2. Jeremy Iversen, High School Confidential: Secrets of an Undercover Student (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007).
c. University (Public/Private) Environment (size, divisions, opening day collections)
i. Key Readings:
1. Wade R. Kotter, Review of “The Ecology of Information Work: A Case Study of Bridging Archaeological Work and Virtual Reality Based Knowledge Organization,” College & Research Libraries 69 (no. 1, January 2008): 84-87.
2. Labaree, Robert V. "Encounters with the Library: Understanding Experience Using the Life History Method," Library Trends 55 (Summer 2006): 121-139.
3. Suarez, Doug, "What Students Do When They Study in the Library: Using Ethnographic Methods to Observe Student Behavior," Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship 8 (no.3, 2007): online.
4. Rebekah Nathan, My Freshman Year: What a Professor Learned By Becoming A Student (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005).
Walter Scott, "The Library as Ecosystem," Library Journal (1 October 2008): 28-30.
d. Work Environment
i. Key Readings:
1. Cynthia A. Steinke, Information Seeking and Communicating Behavior of Scientists and Engineers (New York: Haworth Press, 1991).
2. Elizabeth W. Morrison and Thomas E. Pinelli, NASA DoD Knowledge Diffusion Project: Factors Motivating and Impeding Information Seeking by Early Career-Stage Engineers and Scientists. NASA TM 110213. Washington, DC: NTIS, July 1996.
e. Leisure Environment (i.e., Use of Time)
i. Key Readings:
1. Jenna Hartel, “Information Activities, Resources, & Spaces in the Hobby of Gourmet Cooking,” PhD Dissertation, UCLA, 2007.
2. Benjamin Brigham and Justin Perron, “Information-Seeking Behavior in Recreational Planning: An exploratory study of recreational travelers.” Seattle, WA; UW iSchool, 2004.
f. Participant-Observer Opportunity on Campus
i. Archive
ii. Bookstore
iii. Library
iv. Museum
III. Information Objects (class sessions alternate with student led seminars)
a. Newspapers (October 15th)--guest lecturer, Chris Woodyard, Reporter on Money Section, USA Today (recent articles) and President, LA Press Club
i. Key Questions: What is the future for this format, given that there is no national discussion or debate (i.e., polarization)? How has Craig's List or Monster.com changed the newspapers' business model? Can it survive as an online source? What is the difference between Foxnews.com and MSNBC.com? Or, should newspapers be considered a rare and endangered species of information and/or likely to be extirpated in the near term?
ii. Key Concepts: Times New Roman type fount; column inches, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC, Fall 2008))
iii. Key Readings:
1. “Newspapers" at newspapers180.ppt and Fall 2008 student presentation
2. Google's News Archive and Yahoo! News
3. Philip Meyer, The Vanishing Newspaper: Saving Journalism in the Information Age. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2004
4. Xigen Li, Internet Newspapers: Making of a Mainstream Medium. New York: Routledge, 2005.
b. Comic Books (October 22nd) and Student Seminar on Newspapers
i. History of "juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or produce an aesthetic response in the viewer," p. 9 of McCloud)
ii. Key Questions: Why is this format considered trash? Or, contemptible? "If you've read and collected comic books, did you ever suspect that they were censored? How important is sex and violence in a comic book? Do you think there is more sex and violence in comic books today?"
iii. Key Concepts: Comics Code Authority (CCA, 1954); Manga (whimsical pictures); and Graphic Novels.
iv. Key Readings:
1. Scott McCloud, Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art (1993) and Making Comics: Storytelling Secrets of Comics, Manga and Graphic Novels (2006).
1. John Carlin, Paul Karasik, Brian Walker, Stanley Crouch, Masters of American Comics: Los Angeles: Hammer Museum/Yale University Press, 2005.
1. David Hajdu, The Ten-Cent Plague: The Great Comic-Book Scare and How It Changed America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008.
1. (In Chinese): Nei-Ching Yeh, "A Study on the Meaning of Comics to the Undergraduate," Journal of Information, Communication and Library Science 6 (no. 1, Fall 1999): 33-47.
c. Books (i.e., Monographs) (October 29th) At 10AM meet in Smith Room of Special Collections YRL at 10:30 AM after Student Seminar on Comics
i. Key Questions: What’s the typical size of a personal library in the US? In Europe? Elsewhere? What constitutes copyright and “fair use”—i.e., purpose, nature, amount, and effect? What’s the near term future of the codex? Do eBooks, such as Amazon’s Kindle™, have a future?
ii. Concepts: boustrophedonic, codex versus scroll, format (e.g., folio, quarto, octavo), verso and recto; page versus leaf as well as pagination and foliation, colophon, title page, imprint information
iii. Key Questions: Why doesn't the scroll exist today as a viable information object? When did title pages, page numbers come into common use? When did indexes appear? For the Bible, chapter and verse?
iv. Key Readings:
1. “Introducing the Book” (2007) or
2. “Book Help” (2007)
Jascha Hoffman, "Comparative Literature [statistics on number of books published, translations, international megasellers]," New York Times Book Review 15 April 2007: 27 (pdf).
d. Technical Reports (November 5th) and Student Seminar on Books, Physicality, and Intellectual Property
i. Key Questions: why is this format so hard to find in a bookstore, library or online?
ii. Key Concepts: copyright exceptions (17 U.S.C. 105); CFDA; research and development; government grants and contracts; report number; Publications Board then NTIS, 15 U.S.C. 1151-1157; compare to government's science portal; microformats (e.g., fiche, i.e., SRIM), film (e.g., 16 or 35mm), and ultrafiche) and reduction ratio standards
iii. Key Readings:
1. Tim Byrne, “‘Available from NTIS’ and Other Technical Report Horror Stories,” DttP 35 (no. 2, Summer 2007): 51-2.
2. Mary G. Chitty, "NTIS: Concept of the Clearinghouse, 1945-1979," MA Thesis, University of North Carolina, March 1979.
3. Jose Marie Griffiths; Bonnie C. Carroll and Martha Williams, "Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information Dissemination in the United States: Report on an NSF Sponsored Study." Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Washington, DC, October 31, 1991
e. Magazines and Journals (i.e., Periodicals or Serials) (November 12th) and Student Seminar on Technical Reports ("Use and Value")
i. Key Questions: What’s “fair use” when it comes to an article? What are the top circulating magazines? What insight into popular culture might this information reveal? Who is willing to read this format online?
ii. Key Concepts: periodicals and serials; popular and scholarly; peer reviewed; single versus double blind refereeing; ILL; ejournals
iii. Key Readings:
1. Amy S. Pattee, “Mass Market Mortification: The Developmental Appropriateness of Teen Magazines and the Embarrassing Story Standard,” The Library Quarterly 74 (January 2004): 1-20. (Abstract)
2. Christine L. Borgman, Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007.
f. Music (November 19th) and Student Seminar on Magazines (Belen Aguilar, Julian Tu, Kevin W)
i. Key Questions: Can music be defined as beat/rhythm (timing), melody (pitch and timbre), mode, tone, tempo (speed/pace) and lyrics (meaning)? What makes a music genre popular? What are the most popular albums or top-selling records? What are the sources for downloading music (e.g., online networks, online forums/chat and communities, friends)? What are the risks for users? Are users concerned about these risks? Does the moral economy apply here? Are fair use concerns different for this format; for instance, what’s the proper role of sampling?
ii. Key Concepts: The Digital Millenium Copyright Act of 1998; rights (e.g., ASCAP; BMI); musical genres; formats (such as 78, 33 1/3, 45s, reel-to-reel magnetic tape, 8-track, cassette, and CD), lossy or lossless compression, MP3 and AAC), iPods; Peer-to-Peer (P2P) subscription services (e.g., iTunes, Rhapsody, Music Match and Napster), RIAA (gold, platinum and diamond records), and Music Industry Piracy Investigations
iii. Key Readings:
1. Elliot, David J., “Music as Knowledge,” Journal of Aesthetic Education 25 (no. 3, 1991): 21-40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3332993?origin=JSTOR-pdf
2. Semrow, Robert. “Plug in: Information Society” http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:iimp:&rft_dat=xri:iimp:article:citation:iimp00047169 (1997)
3. Webster, Peter, “Historical Perspectives on Technology and Music,” Music Education Journal 89 (no. 1, 2002): 38-43.
4. Chaffee, Steven H. “Popular Music and Communication Research,” Communication Research 12 (no. 2, 1985): 413-424 at http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/12/3/413
5. Azenha, Gustavo S. “The Internet and Decentralisation of the Popular Music Industry: Critical Reflections on Technology, Concentration and Diversification,” Radical Musicology 1 (2006): http://www.radical-musicology.org.uk/2006/Azenha.htm
6. Stokes, Martin. “Music and the Global Order,” Annual Review of Anthropology 33 (2004): 47-72. http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143916?cookieSet=1
9. Liew, Chern Li.; and Ng, Siong Ngor, "Beyond the Notes: A Qualitative Study of the Information-Seeking Behavior of Ethnomusicologists," Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 (January 2006): 60-68.
g. Movies and Software (i.e., video games) (November 26th) and Student Seminar (Emilyan's Music and Efimova's Music)
i. Key Questions: What are the all-time top 100 movies? The AMPAS's best movies ever? Top grossing movies? Can movie preferences be predicted? Is there such a thing as cyberculture? What role does the Usenet play? For collectors, do they care about infinite variants and/or what defines complete or canonical? Is it true: "More than 85 percent of the people with high-speed connections are downloading movies illegally."
ii. Key Concepts: EFF and DMCA; Netflix's Cinematch; banner ads; click-thru rate/payments; file extensions (such as CSV format, Phil Katz's .zip data compression, and Eugene Roshal's .rar) and checksum, censorship versus self regulation; MPAA ratings—X (pornography--hard-core or soft-core versus erotica), NC-17, PG-13, and G; US Conference of Catholic Bishops ratings of A-I, A-II, A-III, L, and O; FTP; piracy/anti-piracy; mIRC; 2600; crack; keygen; Warez; zero days.
iii. Key Readings:
1. “Warez World Pathfinder No. 933, The online community of software thieves” (2001).
2. Resource Center for Cyberculture Study (Seattle: University of Washington).
3. Clive Thompson, "If You Liked This, You're Sure to Love That," New York Times Magazine, 23 November 2008, pages 74-79.
4. Business Software Alliance and the SIAA's SPA Anti-Piracy
h. Student Seminar on Movies (piracy and business) and Conclusions (December 3rd)
i. Student Insights into the Information Ecology of specific environments
ii. Informal Presentations of Student Papers (see requirements below)
iii. Class Evaluations (228-780-200)
Course Requirements and Due Dates:
1) Write a brief double-spaced paper with bibliographic citations to relevant literature on an specific information habitat for an environment such as work, school, or home setting or leisure setting (see model below). Grading: Click on habitat above for some definitions; the more detail relevant to information seeking, the better. Identify all of the relevant habitats; then, try to nest the habitats and consider your primary habitat to other habitats. Diagrams might be useful. Structure of information habitat is primary before trying to state the functional information needs of a habitat. Notes and references in a consistent house style (such as CMS, MLA, or PA) are a bonus. First draft due on 8th October and final version on 29th October. 20% of final grade.
2) Observe a campus archive, bookstore, library, or museum. Write a brief paper (5 pages or less) about your observations of information-seeking behavior. Without being too obtrusive, what can you discern about people’s information needs? Grading: description is good (B), comparison and contrast (B+), synthesis (A-), and evaluation/testing of hypothesis (A). You can approach this assignment deductively or inductively, since the objective is to test or generate a strong thesis or hypothesis. Due Wednesday, 22nd October. 20% of final grade.
3) Lead one class session on an information object of your choice (see section * above) by preparing an outline, potential questions, additional readings, handouts and PowerPoint presentations, as appropriate. Identify preference and instructor will assign due date. 20% of final grade.
4) Write a brief (less than 10) page end-term paper with references (footnotes/notes and bibliography) on what it is like to be a particular information object (e.g., book, comic, journal article, movie DVD, music CD, newspaper, or other format discussed in class). Notes and references in a consistent house style (such as CMS, MLA, or PA) are required. Grading: description is good (B), comparison and contrast (B+), synthesis (A-), and evaluation (A). Due last class session. 30% of final grade.
5) Class attendance and contributions to discussions will be considered in your final grade. 10% of final grade.
Suggested Course Textbooks
Thomas H. Davenport and Laurence Prusak, Information Ecology: Mastering the Information and Knowledge Environment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Donald O. Case, Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs, and Behavior. New York: Academic Press/Elsevier Science, 2002.
An Information Habitat for a UCLA Student:
You are a student--an individual species in the population of UG (four classes, divided into lower and upper divisions, who are here to learn general as well as more specialized knowledge in their majors) and professional and graduate students (who are taking courses and exams to demonstrate mastery of some branch of knowledge, or who are advanced to candidacy and working on their dissertations which will be original, substantive and independent contributions to knowledge; this group may include post-docs), who are part of the community of students, staff (of various types including administrative assistants and student affairs officers who need to know university rules and regulations), and faculty (including lecturers and those with security of employment), visiting, adjunct as well as professors (i.e., assistant, associate, and full professors who are responsible for imparting old as well as creating new knowledge), and visitors (local, national, or international) to UCLA who are curious about this place, who are in turn, part of the HE ecosystem of the state’s tripartite landscape of community colleges, colleges (i.e., one of the CSU’s) or one of the ten California Universities in the western region of the United States (on planet earth).
Created: 11 May 2008; revised, 3 December 2008.