铠甲勇士捕将锐夫图片:模块9 Unit 2 语法讲练

单　　元：Unit 2 Witnessing Time

板　　块：语法 (Participle clauses)

一、语法知识归纳  （分词短语作定语、状语、补足语）

非谓语动词

构    成

特 征 和 作 用

时 态 和 语 态

否定式

具有副词和形容词的作用，在句中做定、状、补足语

分词

现在分词

doing

being done

在分词前加not

过去分词

having done

having been done

（一）作定语

1. 分词短语作定语时，应置于被修饰名词之后。

      The man standing by the window is our teacher.

站在窗边的那个人是我们老师。（现在分词作定语表主动）

Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.

突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。（过去分词作定语表被动或完成）

注意区别：现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，表示主动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被动的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成不表被动的动作。

They lived in the house facing the south.  他们住在朝南的房子里。  (现在分词作定语表示主动意义)

The meeting held yesterday is important.  昨天开的会议很重要。（及物动词的过去分词表被动或完成）

2. 分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。

The man reading a novel at the desk is my father. （现在分词表“主动、正在”）

= The man who is reading a novel at the desk is my father.   在桌边读小说的人是我父亲。

Is there anything planned for tonight? （过去分词表“被动、已经”）

= Is there anything that has been planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？

3. 现在分词的被动语态（being done）与过去分词（done）做定语的区别。

现在分词的被动语态表示正在被进行的动作；过去分词表示被动的动作或已完成的被动动作。

       The power station being built now will be one of the largest in China.

       = The power station that is being built now will be one of the largest in China.

现在正在建造的将是中国最大的发电站之一。

The power station built last year is a big one.

= The power station that was built last year is a big one. 去年建的发电站很大。

（二）作状语

1. 分词短语作状语可表时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等情况。

     She’s upstairs writing letters. 她在楼上写信。 （表伴随）

   Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.

我从窗户往外看，看见几个学生在那儿玩。（表时间）

   Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 由于伤得很重， 只好把他送往医院。（表原因）

   Working hard, you will surely succeed. 如果你努力工作，你就一定会成功。 （表条件）

   The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 那孩子摔了一跤，头撞到了门上。(表结果)

   An old man came in, supported by a girl. 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走进来。 （表方式）

2.  否定句改为分词短语时，否定词放在分词结构前。

Not knowing what to say, I remained silent. 不知该说什么，我保持沉默。

      Not having received her son’s letter, she wrote him again. 没收到儿子的信，她又给他写了一封。

3. 在通常情况下，分词短语作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，可在分词前加一个

名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的代词要用主格形式，故称为分词独立

主格结构。使用独立结构时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来。

Night coming on, we started on our way home. = When night came on, we started on our way home.

夜晚来临，我们踏上归程。

All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.

= When all things are considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.

通盘考虑，她的论文比你的有价值得多。

注意：独立主格结构中doing/done 的逻辑主语是它前面的名词或代词；如果前面的名词或代词与后面的分词结构是主动的逻辑关系，就用“名词/代词+doing”结构，如果是被动关系，则用“名词/代词+done”结构。分词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格。

My homework having been done, I listened to the music.

= When my homework had been done, I listened to the music. 我们做完了作业就听音乐。

It being a fine day last Sunday, we went mountain climbing.

= Since it was a fine day last Sunday, we went mountain climb. 上周日天气很好，我们去爬山了。

4. 分词（短语）作状语时，可在前面加上when, while, once, if, unless, although 等连词，以便明确作何种状语。

  When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

  = When these products were first introduced to the market, they enjoyed great success.

最初引进市场时，这些产品就获得很大成功。

  Unless invited, I won’t go to the party. 除非受到邀请，否则我是不会参加晚会的。

  = Unless I am invited, I won’t go to the party.

  Although treated by the best doctors in this city, she still couldn’t stand on her feet.

  = Although she was treated by the best doctors in this city, she still couldn’t stand on her feet.

虽然受到了这城里最好的医生的治疗，她仍然不能站立。

  While walking his doggie, he whistled to train it. 他一边遛狗，一边吹着口哨训练它。

  = While he was walking his doggie, he whistled to train it.

（三）作补足语

1. 在see, hear, watch, feel, observe, listen to, notice等感官动词后，用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束；如果用过去分词作宾补，则表示完成及被动的概念。

   She was glad to see the child well taken care of.

= She was glad to see that the child was well taken care of.  她很高兴地看到孩子被照顾得很好。

   He found the street lined with people the next morning.

= He found that the street was lined with people the next morning. 第二天早上，他发现街上排满了人。

   I saw the boy running across the street.

= I saw that the boy was running across the street.  我看见那男孩在过马路。

2. 在have, make, keep, get, catch, leave, set等动词后，也可用分词短语作补足语。

       I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time. 很抱歉让你久等了。

       He had his house broken into when he was on business. 他出差时家里遭人入室抢劫了。

       The girl was caught stealing in the supermarket.那位女孩被当场抓住在超市偷东西。

二、语法拓展训练

（一）单项填空

1. They went away, ______ undone.

A. and leaving something  B. left something              C. something left                    D. something leaving

2. ______ from 9:00 this morning, the water supply to swimming pools and fountains will be resumed, together with irrigation of trees and flowers on streets.

A. Start                 B. To start                     C. Started                     D. Starting

3. ______ from the top of the hill, you will find the city more beautiful.

A. See                  B. To see                      C. Seeing                      D. Seen

4. Because of my ______ Russian, I couldn’t make myself ______.

   A. broken; understood                                              B. broken; understand         

C. break; understood                                              D. breaking; understanding

5. ______ the painting, he gave a sigh of relief.

   A. Having finished        B. Finishing                   C. Has finished                 D. Being finished

6. The stadium ______ in the southwest of the city will be rebuilt next year.

A. located                B. locating                  C. being located                 D. is located

7. On a ______ cold day, the boy ______ 10 saved one of his classmates from the river.

A. freezing; aging         B. freezing; aged             C. frozen; aging                        D. frozen; aged

8. ______, I attended the meeting instead of him last Monday.

A. He was ill              B. His being ill              C. Him being ill                 D. He being ill

9. ______, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.

A. If time permit         B. Time permitting          C. Time permits                        D. If time permitted

10. Are all Chinese textbooks ______ in your ______ house?

   A. publishing; publishing                         B. published; published

   C. publishing; published                          D. published; publishing

11. The result of the entrance exams was not made ______ to the public until last Thursday.

A. knowing              B. known                  C. to know                            D. be known

12. ______ after a long walk, Henry called and said that he couldn’t come.

A. Having worn out       B. Being worn out           C. To wear out                 D. Worn out

13. Frightened by the bullets ______, the timid (胆怯的) fellow hid his head in the bushes, ______.

   A. whistled; leaving his body exposing             B. was whistled by; and left his body exposing

   C. whistling by; leaving his body exposed           D. whistled; left his body exposed

14. Sharon heard somebody ______. She looked around and saw Tony ______ after a tall man.

A. shouting; running       B. shouted; running          C. shouted; ran                 D. shouting; ran

15. A communicative satellite ______ as much as 3.5 tons was sent up into space last week.

A. weighing             B. weighed                 C. to be weighed                D. being weighed

16. A person ______ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______ all his own.

A. learning; forgetting     B. who learns; to forget       C. to learn; to forget            D. using; but

17. ______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

   A. To give               B. Having given            C. Given                      D. Giving

18. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. To lose                B. Lost                   C. Having lost                  D. Losing

19. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A. to play                 B. play                   C. to be playing                        D. playing

20. ______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ______ from the top

 of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more beautiful.

A. Seeing; seen             B. Seen; seeing             C. Seeing; seeing                       D. Seen; seen

21. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against your face.

   A. moved                       B. moving                  C. moves                     D. to move

22. There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.

   A. followed              B. following                C. to be followed               D. being followed

23. ______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.

A. Holding; being held    B. Held; holding               C. Having held; held                 D. held; to be held

24. — Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?

   — Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.

A. sing; singing           B. sung; sung               C. sung; singing               D. singing; sung

25. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I

found my TV set ______ when I got home.

A. lying; stolen           B. laying; stealing           C. lay; stolen                  D. lying; stealing

26. Greatly moved by his words, ______.

A. tears came to his eyes                           B. he could hardly hold back his tears

C. tears could hardly be held back                   D. his eyes were filled with tears

27. When ______ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.

A. been asked             B. asked                   C. asking                      D. to be asked

28. ______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A. Not knowing          B. Knowing not                C. Not having known         D. Having not known

29. He spent the whole afternoon, ______ in his study, ______ his papers.

A. locked; prepared      B. locking; preparing          C. locked; preparing            D. locking; prepared

30. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ______ that all children like these things.

   A. thinking             B. think                    C. to think                    D. thought

（二）单项填空

1. Everything ____________ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. 

2. They suggested that the professor ____________ just now should be made chairman of the meeting.

3. ____________ the book, I found the book useful.

4. ____________ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend following her.

5. While ____________ television, we heard the doorbell ring.

6. ________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

7. Because of the heavy sandstorm, we have to put off the visit until tomorrow to the exhibition of painting ____________ in the nearby city.

8. ____________ any letter from him for a long time, I gave him a call.

9. A ____________ man is one who has drunk too much alcohol and has got ____________.

10. Please keep us ____________ of the latest developments.

（三）句子改错

1. Being surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

2. I heard someone open the door when I passed by.

3. It feels refreshed to take a bath after work.

4. Can those seating at the back of the classroom hear me?

5. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covered the desert.

6. A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, having injured at least 12 people.

7. Having written in an easy style, the book has many readers.

8. To be blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.

9. When compared different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

10. Face with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

（四）中译英 （用分词短语完成句子）

1. 在讲英语的国家，你随时可以练习英语口语。

2. 没有公交车了，我们只得打的。

3. 如果每天做早操， 你的健康会好转。

4. 大多数应邀来参加晚会的客人来自南方。

5. 第二天早上，她发现那个人躺在床上，死了。

（五）真题回顾

1. (2007重庆) The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ______ for the day.

   A. finishing             B. finished                    C. having finished            D. were finished

2. (2007福建) — Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

— Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.

A. filling                        B. filled                       C. to fill                              D. being filled

3. 2008浙江) ______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

A. Not realized             B. Not to realize                C. Not realizing                        D. Not to have realized

4. (2007四川) The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ______ every day.

   A. watered              B. watering                    C. water                    D. to water

5. (2008江苏) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the

 same thing.

  A. saying             B. said                   C. to say                 D. having said

6. (2008春季) If we have illegal immigrants ______ in, many local workers will lose their jobs.

   A. came                B. coming                     C. to come                 D. having come

7. (2008陕西) ______ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

  A. Having shown       B. to be shown            C. Having been shown      D. To show

8. (2007浙江) ______ by a greater demand for vegetables, famers have built more green houses.

   A. Driven                       B. Being driven               C. To drive                D. Having driven

9. (2007江苏) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures

A. interested              B. interesting                 C. interest                   D. to interest

10. (2007全国) At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom.

   A. opened and closed                                  B. to be opened and closed

   C. being opened and closed                              D. to open and close

11. (2008江苏) — I’m still working on my project.

   — Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is ______.

   A. running out           B. gong out                   C. giving out                    D. losing out

12. (2008江苏) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.

   A. speak                B. speaking                    C. spoken                      D. to speak

13. (2007上海) After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.

   A. calling               B. called                     C. being called                  D. to call

14. (2007北京) He is a student at Oxford University, ______ for a degree in computer science.

   A. studied              B. studying                    C. to have studied              D. to be studying

15. (2007上海) The Town Hall ______ in the 1899’s was the most distinguished building at that time.

   A. to be completed       B. having been completed     C. completed               D. being completed

参考答案：

（一）单项填空

1 – 5  CCCAA         6 – 10  ABDBD           11 – 15  BDCAA         16 – 20  ACBDA

21 – 25  BBADA  26 – 30  BBACA

（二）选词填空

1. taken     2. referred to  3. Using                       4. Having been warned  5. watching

      6. Dressed   7. being held   8. Not having received 9. drunken; drunk     10. informed

（三）句子改错

1. Being surprised改为Surprised                        2. open改为opening

3. refreshed改为refreshing                                  4. seating改为seated

5. covered改为covering                                     6. having injured改为injuring

      7. Having written改为Written                           8. To be blamed改为Blamed 

9. compared改为comparing                          10. Face改为Faced

（四）中译英

1. In English-speaking countries, you can practice spoken English any time.

      2. There being no bus, we had to took a taxi.

      3. Exercising every morning, you will improve your health.

      4. Most of the guests invited to the party are from the south.

      5. The second morning, she found the man lying in bed, dead.

（五）真题回顾

1 – 5  BACAA         6 – 10  BCAAC           11 – 15  ACABC