九乡新闻网郑州安图生物面试题目:东欧各国的《除垢法》
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/05/06 08:33:16
lustration（除垢）是源自拉丁文的捷克詞彙，意思是光線，指以光明照亮黑暗角落，清除“藏污納垢”。在東歐共產政權垮台後，東德、捷克都相繼通過《除垢法》，對前共產黨線民等迫害者，進行法律追究和清理。但在波蘭，由於有米奇尼克這樣的知識分子，還有他所主編的波蘭最大報紙《選舉日報》的強烈反對等，波蘭的《除垢法》比東德、波蘭晚了近二十年才通過。
【除垢法】2011年5,31日，格鲁吉亚议会以全票通过〈除垢法〉(Lustration Law)，
In the period of post-communism after the fall of the various European Communist states in 1989–1991, the term came to refer to governments' policies of "mass disqualification of those associated with the abuses under the prior regime".[2] They excluded participation of former communists, and especially informants of the communist secret police, in successor political positions, or even in civil service positions. This exclusion was part of the wider decommunization campaigns.
As of 1996, various lustration laws of varying scope were implemented in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria, the Baltic States: (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia); Germany, Poland, and Romania[citation needed]. Regional differences were significant; for example, in the Czech Republic and Germany, lustration was much stronger than in other countries[citation needed]). As of 1996 lustration laws had not been passed in Belarus, nor in the former Soviet Central Asian Republics of (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) (Ellis, 1996).
The main goal of lustration is to prevent continuation of abuses that had occurred under a former regime. This purification process is carried on in many ways, such as banning former members of the communist parties, from being involved in public positions.[2]