郑州国网电力有限公司:中国的“财富外流”：新的迹象表明中国富人倾心移民

北京——中国正在面临“财富流失”吗？众多最好的、最聪明的——尤其是最富有的中国人梦想着收拾好积累的财富到国外定居？

According to a new study, a majority of Chinese who have more than 10 million Yuan ($1.53 million) worth of individual assets find the idea of real—estate investment a lot less tempting than so—called "investment emigration." Nearly 60% of people interviewed claim they are either considering emigration through investment overseas, or have already completed the process, according to the 2011 Private Wealth Report on China published by China Merchants Bank and a business consulting firm Bain & Company. The richer you are, the study suggests, the likelier it is that you resort to emigration. And among those who possess more than 100 million yuan, 27 % have already emigrated while 47% are considering leaving. (See: "On the Cutting Edge — China's Extraordinary Buildings")

根据一项新的调查，大多数个人资产超过1000万元人民币（153万美元）的中国人认为房地产投资远不如所谓的“投资移民”吸引人。据招商银行和贝恩管理顾问公司联合发布的《2011年中国私人财富报告》显示，将近60%的受访者声称他们要么正在考虑通过海外投资移民，要么已经完成了投资移民。调查显示，越是富有的人越青睐移民。个人资产超过1000万元人民币的人里，27%已经移民，47%正在考虑移民。

The fact that more and more rich Chinese are seeking to emigrate is turning into a hot topic in China, and statistics prove that the trend is a real one. According to Caixin online, a Chinese website specialized in finance, the compound annual growth rate of overseas investment by Chinese individuals approached 100% between 2008 and 2010. The compound growth rate of the Chinese who used investments to emigrate to the United States in the past five years is 73%.

越来越多的富人寻求移民这一事实已经成了中国的热门话题，而数据也显示这一趋势确实存在。据中国一家专业财经网站——财新在线的数据，2008年至2010年，中国个人海外投资的年复合增长率接近100%；过去5年间中国人通过投资移民前往美国的年复合增长率是73%。

So why are wealthy Chinese so eager to leave their country? The simplest answer is that there are a lot of things in China that even the richest cannot buy (emigration is obviously not one of them). China's rich are fond of saying that nothing "is a problem if money can solve it." Among the irresolvable problems that spark emigration, there are material ones, and emotional ones.

那么，中国的富人们为什么如此热衷于离开自己的国家？最简单的回答是：在中国，有许多东西即使你再富有也买不到（显然移民不在此列）。中国富人们爱说“钱能解决的问题就不是问题”。在导致移民的无法解决的问题中，既有物质方面的，也有情感方面的。

The former includes issues like laws and regulations, the education system, social welfare, inheritance tax, quality of air, investing atmosphere, food safety, ability to travel, and so on. In short, these are the material factors that any State must provide to its people in order to ensure their happiness. In emerging countries such as China, these factors are still often found wanting.

物质方面的问题包括诸如法律规章、教育体系、社会福利、遗产税、空气质量、投资环境、食品安全和能否旅行等等。简言之，这些都是任何一个国家为了保证国民幸福而必须提供的物质因素。在中国这样的新兴国家，这些因素通常依然有待改善。

Emotional reasons behind rich people's immigration are generally linked to the lack of a sense of personal safety, including safety of personal wealth, as well as fear about an uncertain future. (See: "China Stamps Out Democracy Protests")

富人移民现象背后的情感因素通常是缺乏个人安全感，包括个人财富的安全和对于未来不确定性的恐惧。

It thus appears that it is a certain "lack of well—being" that is pushing wealthy Chinese to emigrate. The results of the Private Wealth Report are very much in line with other studies. A recent Gallop Wellbeing Survey showed that most Chinese people feel depressed, even as China has sky—high economic growth rates that Europe and America can only dream of. According to the survey, which asked respondents to choose between "thriving," "struggling," and "suffering" to describe their situation, only 12% think themselves as "thriving," while 17% describe themselves as "suffering," and 71% "struggling." The number of Chinese who feel that their life is improving is comparable to the number of Afghans and Yemeni who feel the same way, while the number of persons feeling they are "struggling" is approximately the same as in Haiti, Azerbaijan and Nepal.

因此，似乎是某种特定的“幸福缺乏症”推动了中国富人移民国外。《私人财富报告》的调查结果与其他研究相当吻合。最近的一次盖勒普幸福调查显示，尽管中国高不可攀的经济增长率让欧美国家可望而不可即，但是大多数中国人却感到压抑。该调查让受访者用“成功”、“奋斗”或“煎熬”来描述他们的状态，只有12%的人认为自己“成功”，而17%的人用“煎熬”来描述自己的状态，另有71%的人则在“奋斗”。认为自己生活正在改善的中国人的数量同阿富汗和也门的比例相当，而认为自己正在“奋斗”的人数同海地、阿塞拜疆和尼泊尔的比例一样。

It is a paradox that, in a country where more and more people are getting richer by the day — albeit to the detriment of the poor, who have benefitted very little from the country's new wealth — the general feeling of well—being should remain at rock—bottom. The poor grumble while the rich flee.

在一个每天都有越来越多的人更加富裕的国家里——尽管对穷人来说是伤害，因为他们极少能从国家新增的财富里获益——大众的幸福感却保持在最低水平，这真是一个悖论。穷人抱怨而富人逃离。

The truth is that, unless they emigrate, the wealthy have to suffer from the same causes of unhappiness as the poor. Take food safety. Last year, when a Chinese woman living in Canada was asked by the International Herald Tribune why she had left her country, she said it was because of the Sanlu (toxic baby milk) case, and also because of the "hatred against the rich." Her answer highlights the fact that, as the gap between the rich and the poor is getting wider, and the poor are complaining more and more, the rich are also getting more nervous. Some rich people even worry that the "redistribution of wealth might start all over again." (See: "Fellow Dissident on Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Peace Prize ")

事实是，富人们除非移民，否则不得不出于同样原因，跟穷人一样遭受不快。拿食品安全来说，去年，一个住在加拿大的中国妇女被《国际先驱论坛报》问及为何离开祖国，她的回答是因为三鹿（有毒婴儿奶粉）事件和“仇富”情绪。她的回答凸显了这样一个事实：贫富差距正在扩大，穷人的抱怨越来越多，而富人也越来越不安。一些富人甚至担心“财富再分配可能从头来过。”

Although the danger seems overblown for now, people are starting to wonder where the public hatred of the rich might lead. The wealthy also know that they bear some of the responsibility for the unequal distribution of wealth. The so—called "original sin of wealth" is not totally without foundation, and it is often difficult for the rich to stop enriching themselves. Fluctuating market conditions bring out a survival instinct that sometimes makes them commit illegal or immoral acts. Once they realize this, they often chose to avoid the trap by emigrating and starting afresh.

尽管目前看起来危险有些言过其实，不过人们开始思考公众对富人的仇恨将向什么方向发展。富人也明白自身对财富分配不均负有一定责任。所谓“财富的原罪”并非完全是无中生有，而对富人来说，让自己的财富停止增长通常比较困难。动荡的市场环境会激发生存的本能，从而让他们有时做些不合法或不道德的事情。他们一旦认识到这一点，为了避免落网，便通常会选择移民并重新开始。

The situation would not be as serious, of course, if the number of people deciding to leave were low. But once a few personal choices take the shape of a massive drain, the consequences of their departure on the economy and on society, through the example they set, can be dire.

假如决意离开的人数不多，情况不会像现在这么严重。可是一旦少数人的选择汇聚成了大的潮流，他们的离去对于社会和经济造成的后果——通过示范效应——将会非常严重。

An even bigger cause of concern is that, when rich people pack their money and leave, not only are they no longer identifying with their country, but they are also avoiding their social obligations. While the reason behind these people's decision matters little, the undeniable fact is that they make money from this society, but they refuse to give anything back.

另一个更加需要引起关注的原因是，当富人收拾好财富离开，他们不仅不再认同自己的国家，还在逃避自己的社会责任。尽管这些人所做决定背后的原因无关紧要，无可否认的事实是：他们从社会中获取财富，但却拒绝为它付出任何回报。

Rich people who decide to move to a foreign country should know that, by doing so, they are stoking the dissatisfaction among those who stay behind. The poor get angrier because they cannot leave, and their hatred towards the remaining rich grows even bigger. This is the most corrosive thing that can happen to a society.