达里奥.福:2006年1月大学英语四级试题

“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you..

In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done.

Stress that you can manage may also boost immune (免疫的)  function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control: They had to sit through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.

Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.

“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity (长寿), “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”

31. The passage is mainly about______

       A) the benefits of manageable stress

       B) how to avoid stressful situations

       C) how to cope with stress effectively

       D) the effects of stress hormones on memory

32. The word “shun”(Line 1,Para.1) most probably means________.

       A) cut down on

       B) stay away from

       C) run out of

       D) put up with

33. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that_______

       A) people under stress tend to have a poor memory

       B) people who can’t get their job done experience more stress

       C) doing challenging work may be good for one’s health

       D) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs

34. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3,the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because______.

       A) the video was not enjoyable at all

       B) the outcome was beyond their control

       C) they knew little about surgical procedures

       D) they felt no pressure while watching the video

35. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that______.

       A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body

       B) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain

       C) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function

       D) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress.

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

       If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.

       If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective:” I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache ” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.

       Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset” ; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing  yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.

       Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing  should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.

       These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.

       But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition (悔悟), children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.

36. If a mother adds ”but” to an apology,________.

       A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized.

       B) she does not realize that the child has been hurt

       C) the child may find the apology easier to accept

       D) the child may feel that he owes her an apology

37. According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means”_______”

       A) You have good reason to get upset

       B) I’m aware you’re upset ,but I’m not to blame

       C) I apologize for hurting your feelings

       D) I’m at fault for making you upset

38. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because______.

       A) it gets one into the habit of making empty promises

       B) it may make the other person feel guilty

C)it is vague and ineffective

D) it is hurtful and insulting

39. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry______.

       A) the complexities involved should be ignored

       B) their ages should be taken into account

       C) parents need to set them a good example

       D) parents should be patient and tolerant

40. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _________.

       A) a social issue calling for immediate attention

       B) not necessary among family members

       C) a sign of social progress

       D) not as simple as it seems

Part III                                       Vocabulary                           (20minutes)

Directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.\

41. Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the ____of the motor industry is uncertain.

A) terminal         B) benefit            C) fate                D) estimate

42. To speed up the ______of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting.

A) treatment         B) delivery           C) transmission   D) departure

43. These overseas students show great ______ for learning a new language.

A) enthusiasm      B) authority         C) convention      D) faith

44. The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the ______of the murder committed last month.

A) observers         B) witnesses        C) audiences       D) viewers

45. Politically these nations tend to be ______, with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy.

A) unstable          B) reluctant         C) rational           D) unsteady

46. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________too much work last week.

A) take to             B) take out           C) take away       D) take on

47. "You try to get some sleep. I'll _____the patient's breakfast, "said the nurse.

A) see to              B) stick to           C) get to             D) lead to

48. The London Marathon is a difficult race.______, thousands of runners participate every year.

A) Therefore     B) Furthermore   C) Accordingly   D) Nevertheless

49. The bank refused to ______him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.

A) credit              B) borrow           C) loan               D) lease

50. The more a nation's companies _______ factories abroad, the smaller that country's recorded exports will be.

A) lie                 B) spot                C) stand             D) locate 

51. Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as a (n)______for breaking the law.

A) excuse            B) intention         C) option            D) approval

52. Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military _____in the coastal city.

A) goals              B) aims               C) targets            D) destinations

53. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _____of milk.

A) storage           B) reserve           C) resource         D) source

54. "This light is too______ for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb somewhere？" said the elderly man.

A mild                B) dim                C) minute           D) slight

55. We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be _____and go another day.

A) reliable          B) probable         C) feasible           D) flexible

56. We are quite sure that we can ______our present difficulties  and finish the task according to schedule.

A) get across       B) get over           C) get away         D) get off

57. ______recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical.

A) In view of       B) In case of        C) In memory of   D) in favor of

58. Jessica was ______from the warehouse  to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion.

A) delivered       B) exchanged       C) transferred      D) transformed

59. Mr. Smith asked his secretary to ____a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.

A) inject              B) install              C) invade            D) insert

60. There's the living room still to be _____,so that's my next project.

A) abandoned      B) decorated        C) dissolved        D) assessed

61. The old paper mill has been ______to make way for a new shopping centre.

A) cut down        B) kept down       C) torn down       D) held down

62. It may be necessary to stop ______ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

A) at a distance     B) at intervals       C) at case            D) at length

63. You can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually you'll have to pay a _________.

A) fare                B) fund                C) deposit           D) deal

64. My grandfather had always taken a _______interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.

A) splendid          B) weighty                 C) vague             D) keen

65. ________quantities  of water are being used nowadays with the rapid  development  of industry and agriculture.

A) Excessive       B) Extensive        C) Extreme          D) exclusive

66. John cannot afford to go to university, _______ going abroad.

A) nothing but      B) anything but    C) not to speak of  D) nothing to speak of

67. Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.

A) involve           B) compose         C) enclose            D) attach

68. If you don’t like to swim, you _____as well stay at home.

A) should             B) may               C) can                 D) would

69. Dr. Smith was always __ the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.

A) reminded of   B) absorbed in       C) tended by        D) concerned about

70. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4,1826,the fiftieth ______of American Independence.

A) ceremony       B) occasion         C) occurrence      D) anniversary

Part Ⅳ                       Cloze                  ( 15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

       As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been   71   only once – for a woman who had merely fainted. But the   72   made me quite curious about how   73   this kind of thing happens. I wondered what I would do if  74  with a real midair medical emergency-without access   75   a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So   76 the New England Journal of Medicine last week   77   a study about in–flight medical events. I read it   78   interest.

       The study estimated that there are a(n)   79   of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not   80  ; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints.   81   13% of them –roughly four a day – are serious enough to   82   a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies   83   heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.

       Let’s face it: plane rides are   84  . For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly  85   they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty   86  , but passengers with heart disease   87   experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood.    88 common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis – the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症).   89   happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at   90   one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks

71. A) called               B) addressed                 C) informed                 D) surveyed

72. A) accident           B) condition                 C) incident                   D) disaster

73. A) soon                   B) long                        C) many                       D) often

74. A) confronted          B) treated                            C) identified                 D) provided

75. A) for                            B) to                            C) by                          D) through

76. A) before                B) since                        C) when                       D) while

77. A) collected             B) conducted                C) discovered                D) published

78. A) by                      B) of                           C) with                        D) in

79. A) amount               B) average                   C) sum                         D) number

80. A) significant          B) heavy                      C) common                  D) serious

81. A) For                    B) On                          C) But                          D) So

82. A) require               B) inspire                            C) engage                     D) command

83. A) include               B) confine                    C) imply                      D) contain

84. A) enjoyable            B) stimulating              C) tedious                     D) stressful

85. A) who                  B) what                        C) which                      D) that

86. A) harshly               B) reluctantly                C) easily                       D) casually

87. A) ought to             B) may                        C) used to                     D) need

88. A) Any                   B) One                         C) Other                       D) Another

89. A) Whatever            B) Whichever               C) Whenever                D) Wherever

90. A) most         B) worst                C) least                D) best

Part V                                                    Writing                            (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below :

1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点

2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同

3．我认为……

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?

2006年1月四级试题详解

2006年1月参考答案

1.A    2.C   3.D   4.A   5.C   6.B   7.A   8.C   9.B   10.D

11.D  12.A  13.A  14. B  15.C  16.A  17.C  18.B  19.B  20.D

听力原文

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A

1. W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her.

Her left leg doesn’t hurt as much as it did yesterday.

M: She’d better have it examined by a doctor anyway.

And I will call her about it this evening.

Q: What does the man think Carol should do?

2.    M: There is a non-stop train for Washington and it leaves at 2:30.

W: It is faster than the 2 o’clock train. Besides, we can have something to eat

before getting on the train.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

3.    M: Hi, Melissa, how is your project going?

Have you thought about going to graduate school?

W: Everything is coming along really well. I have been thinking about graduate school. But I’ll talk to my tutor Doctor Garseer first and see what she thinks.

Q: What do you learn about the woman from the conversation?

4.    W: Did you attend Alice’s presentation last night?

It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience.

M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me!

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

5.         W: You’ve been doing weather reports for neatly 30 years.

Has the weather got any worse in all these years?

M: Well, not necessarily worse. But we are seeing more swings.

Q: What does the man say about the weather?

6.    M: Excuse me, I am looking for the textbook by Professor Jordon for the Marketing course.

W: I am afraid it’s out of stock. You’ll have to order it.

And it will take the publisher 3 weeks to send it to us.

Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?

7.    M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive.

W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment.

Q: What does the woman mean?

8.    W: In my opinion, watching News on TV is a good way to learn English. What do you think?

M: It would be better if you could check the same information

in English newspapers afterwards.

Q: What does the man say about learning English?

9.    M: I hear a newly-invented drug can make people tell the truth

and it may prove useful in questioning terrorists. Isn’t it incredible?

W: Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed.

As far ad I know, no such drugs are ever known to work.

Q: What does the woman think of the new day?

10. M: You know the electronics company is coming to our campus

to recruit graduate students next week.

W: Really? What day? I'd like to talk to them and hand in my resume.

Q: What does the woman want to do?

Section Two

Passage one

A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart more than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out this study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives. People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 10-15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who tool aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.

Q11. What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?

Q12. In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors?

Q13. What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?

Passage Two

Were you the first or the last child in you family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think it matters where you were born in you family. But there are different ideas about what birth order means. Some people say that oldest children are smart and strong-willed. They are very likely to be successful. The reason for this simple parents have a lot of time for their first child, they give him or her a lot of attention. So this child is very likely to do well. An only child will succeed for the same reason. What happens to the other children in the family? Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important. If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, though, often gets special treatment. He or she is the baby. Often this child grows up to be funny and charming. Do you believe this idea of birth order too? A recent study saw things quite differently. The study found that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually followed orders. Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the

family. They went out and followed their own ideas. They took chances and they often did better in life.

Q14. According to common belief, in what way are the first child and the only child alike?

Q15. What do people usually say about middle children?

Q16. what do we learn about later children in a family from a recent study of birth order?

Passage Three

When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea doer seem peculiar. To explain, I’d like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids. The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feeling and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.

Q17. How did the speaker’s friends respond to his change of interest?

Q18. What is one of the reasons for the spears to switch his interest to underwater exploration?

Q19. In what way does the speaker think diving is similar to space travel?

Q20. What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this talk?

21.D  22.D  23.A  24. B    25.C  26.A  27.C  28.B  29.A  30.D

31.A  32.B  33.C  34. B  35.C  36.D  37.B  38.C  39.B  40.D

41.C  42.B    43.A  44. B  45.A  46.D  47.A  48.D  49.C  50.D

51.A  52.C  53.D  54. B  55.D  56.B  57.A  58.C  59.D  60.B 

61.C  62.B  63.C  64. D  65.B  66.C  67.A  68.B  69.D  70.D

71.A  72.A  73.D  74. A  75.B  76.C  77.D  78.C  79.B  80.D

       81.C  82.A  83.A  84. D  85.B  86.C  87.B  88.D  89.A  90.C