辉月杏梨310:op 100 Corporate Criminals of the Decade

THE TOP 100 CORPORATE CRIMINALS OF THE 1990's

1) F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $500 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 21(1), May 24, 1999

The Swiss pharmaceutical giant, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., pledguilty and agreed to pay a record $500 million criminal fine for leading aworldwide conspiracy to raise and fix prices and allocate market sharesfor certain vitamins sold in the United States and elsewhere.

In Dallas, the Department of Justice charged the company withconspiring to fix, raise, and maintain prices, and allocate the salesvolumes of vitamins sold by them and other unnamed co-conspiratorcompanies in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Federal officials also allege that the company allocated contractsfor vitamin premixes for customers throughout the U.S. and rigged the bidsfor those contracts.

The conspiracy lasted from January 1990 into February 1999 andaffected the vitamins most commonly used as nutritional supplements or toenrich human food and animal feed -- vitamins A, B 2, B5, C, E, and BetaCarotene.

Vitamin premixes, which are used to enrich breakfast cereals andnumerous other processed foods were also affected by the conspiracy, theDepartment said.

2) Daiwa Bank Ltd.Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $340 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 9(3), March 4, 1996

Daiwa Bank Ltd. pled guilty to 16 federal felonies and paid a $340million criminal fine -- at the time, the largest criminal fine everimposed in the United States.

Federal officials charged that the bank and bank officials soughtto cover-up massive securities trading losses on two separate occasionsand deceive and defraud bank regulators.

Daiwa pled guilty to two counts of conspiracy to defraud theUnited States and the Federal Reserve Bank, one count of misprison of afelony, ten counts of falsifying bank books and records, two counts ofwire fraud, and one count of obstructing a bank examination.

Mary Jo White, the U.S. Attorney in Manhattan, told reporters thather office made many efforts to obtain the bank's cooperation in thecriminal investigation, "but no meaningful cooperation was ever given."

"These corporate crimes represent companies at their highestlevels acting at their worst," White said. "What we aim for in lawenforcement in the corporate context is good corporate citizenship,cooperation and openness with authorities, and genuine efforts to improvea corporate culture that has led to the problems and crimes underinvestigation. Unfortunately, until today's guilty pleas, we had theopposite from Daiwa."

3) BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $225 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 21(1), May 24, 1999

A German company, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, pled guilty and agreedto pay a $225 million criminal fine for leading a worldwide conspiracy toraise and fix prices and allocate market shares for certain vitamins soldin the United States and elsewhere.

In Dallas, the Department of Justice charged the company withconspiring to fix, raise, and maintain prices, and allocate the salesvolumes of vitamins sold by them and other unnamed co-conspiratorcompanies in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Federal officials also allege that the company allocated contractsfor vitamin premixes for customers throughout the U.S. and rigged the bidsfor those contracts.

The conspiracy lasted from January 1990 into February 1999 andaffected the vitamins most commonly used as nutritional supplements or toenrich human food and animal feed -- vitamins A, B 2, B5, C, E, and BetaCarotene.

Vitamin premixes, which are used to enrich breakfast cereals andnumerous other processed foods were also affected by the conspiracy, theDepartment said.

4) SGL Carbon Aktiengesellschaft (SGL AG)
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $135 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 19(4), May 10, 1999

SGL Carbon Aktiengesellschaft (SGL AG), the world's largestproducer of graphite and carbon products, pled guilty to antitrust crimesand agreed to pay a record $135 million fine for participating in aninternational conspiracy to fix prices and allocate the volume of graphiteelectrodes in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Graphite electrodes are large columns used in electric arcfurnaces in steel-making "mini-mills."

5) Exxon Corporation and Exxon Shipping
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $125 million
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 11(3), March 18, 1991

Exxon Corporation and Exxon Shipping pled guilty to federalcriminal charges in connection with the March 24, 1989 Exxon Valdez oilspill.

The company was assessed a $125 million criminal fine.

Attorney General Dick Thornburgh called the fine "the largestsingle environmental criminal recovery ever enacted."

The companies pled guilty to misdemeanor violations of federalenvironmental laws.

Approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled from theValdez, fouling 700 miles of Alaska shoreline, killing birds and fish, anddestroying the way of life of thousands of Native Americans.

6) UCAR International, Inc.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $110 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 15(6), April 13, 1998

AR International, Inc. (UCAR), the largest producer of graphiteelectrodes in the United States, was charged with participating in aninternational cartel to fix the price and allocate the volume of graphiteelectrodes sold in the United States and elsewhere.

The company pled guilty and agreed to pay a $110 million criminalfine.

UCAR is charged with violating the Sherman Act by conspiring withunnamed co-conspirators to suppress and eliminate competition.

According to the charges, UCAR and the other companies began tofix prices and allocate their market shares for graphite electrodes in theUnited States and elsewhere at least as early as July 1992, and continueduntil at least June 1997.

As a result, steel makers paid noncompetitive and higher pricesfor graphite electrodes used in manufacturing products that are integralto a variety of business and consumer items.

Graphite electrodes are large columns used in electric arcfurnaces in steel-making "mini-mills" to generate the intense heatnecessary to melt and further refine steel. Nine electrodes, joined incolumns of three, are used in the typical electric arc furnace to meltscrap steel.

7) Archer Daniels Midland
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $100 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 40(1), October 21, 1996

Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) pled guilty and paid a $100 millioncriminal fine -- at the time, the largest criminal antitrust fine ever --for its role in conspiracies to fix prices to eliminate competition andallocate sales in the lysine and citric acid markets worldwide.

Federal officials said that as a result of ADM's crime, seedcompanies, large poultry and swine producers and ultimately farmers paidmillions more to buy the lysine additive.

In addition, manufacturers of soft drinks, processed foods,detergents, and others, paid millions more to buy the citric acidadditive, which ultimately caused consumers to pay more for thoseproducts.

Lysine is an amino acid used by farmers as a feed additive toensure the proper growth of livestock. It is a $600 million a yearindustry worldwide.

Citric acid is a flavor additive and preservative produced fromvarious sugars. It is found in soft drinks, processed food, detergents,pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Citric acid is a $1.2 billion a yearindustry worldwide.

8)(tie) Banker's Trust
Type of Crime: Financial
Criminal Fine: $60 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 11(1), March 15, 1999

Bankers Trust was fined $60 million for its role in a scheme byhigh-ranking bank officials to enhance the bank's financial performance byfalsely recording approximately $19.1 million in unclaimed customer fundsas the bank's income and reserves.

Bankers Trust pled guilty to three counts of making false entriesin bank books and records.

In addition to the $19.1 million fine, Bankers Trust was forced toreturn $17.85 million of the approximately $19.1 million unlawfullyrecorded as the bank's income and reserves to their rightful owners.

Bankers Trust's plan to return the remaining balance of the $19.1million will be supervised by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.Three Bankers Trust executives were indicted in the case.

"Bankers Trust's guilty plea should send a strong signal to allcompanies that negative consequences will flow from putting pressure ontheir executives and employees to generate revenues and meet expensetargets with any means necessary," said U.S. Attorney Mary Jo White."While a corporation, especially a financial institution -- naturallyexpresses concern and interest in the bottom line, it must at the sametime ensure that it fosters a corporate culture requiring strictcompliance with all applicable legal and ethical obligations."

8)(tie) Sears Bankruptcy Recovery Management Services
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $60 million
13 Corporate Crime Reporter 7(1), February 15, 1999

A unit of Sears, Roebuck and Company pled guilty to bankruptcyfraud and agreed to pay a $60 million fine.

Sears Bankruptcy Recovery Management Services pled guilty to onecount of bankruptcy fraud involving fraudulent reaffirmation practicesthat began in 1985 and continued until early 1997.

Sears has already paid over $180 million in restitution to about188,000 debtors and $40 million in civil fines to 50 state attorneysgeneral.

The $60 million criminal fine is the largest fine ever to be paidin a bankruptcy fraud case. The fine also is believed to be the largestcriminal fine ever in Massachusetts, and one of the largest nationwide.

"Sears intentionally misled bankrupt debtors without attorneys anddefrauded the Bankruptcy Court for over a decade," said U.S. AttorneyDonald Stern said. "This was not the haphazard action of a few employees.It represented an outrageous company policy, carried out by thoseresponsible for debt collection, which plainly violated federal law."

The fraudulent scheme involved Sears' practices relating tobankruptcy reaffirmation agreements. Such reaffirmation agreements, whenexecuted in compliance with the Bankruptcy Code, have the effect ofmaintaining legally binding debts which would otherwise be discharged inbankruptcy. The discharge of debts is the principal benefit to a debtorfiling for bankruptcy. The discharge prohibits all creditors from takingany collection action against the debtor for prebankruptcy debts that arenot reaffirmed.

According to the criminal charges filed by the U.S. Attorney,beginning in 1985 and continuing until April, 1997, Sears and itssubsidiary unit engaged in a scheme to induce bankruptcy debtors to enterinto reaffirmation agreements concerning their credit card debts withSears and lead them to believe that the agreements would be filed with theBankruptcy Court and were binding contractual obligations, when in factthe agreements were not going to be filed and the debtors had noobligation to pay the debt.

10) Haarman & Reimer Corp.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal fine: $50 million
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 5(4), February 3, 1997

Haarman & Reimer Corp., a New Jersey-based subsidiary of theGermany-based pharmaceutical and chemical giant Bayer AG, pled guilty andagreed to pay a $50 million criminal fine for participating in aninternational conspiracy to fix prices and allocate sales in the citricacid market worldwide.

"This $50 million criminal fine sends a clear message tocorporations around the world," said Attorney General Janet Reno. "We willnot tolerate international conspiracies that defraud American consumers,and those companies that engage in collusive conduct will be punished."

11) Louisiana-Pacific Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $37 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 23(1), June 8, 1998

Louisiana-Pacific Corporation pled guilty to 18 felonies, wasfined $37 million, and was placed on five years probation.

The plea agreement, cut with the U.S. Attorney in Colorado, cappeda six-year investigation of the nation's largest producer of orientedstranded board (OSB), a lamented structural wood panel that is used as aplywood substitute in residential and commercial construction.

The criminal investigation began in July 1992, when Dave Horan, aformer Louisiana-Pacific supervisor at its Montrose, Colorado facility,filed a lawsuit against the company alleging that he had been firedbecause he refused to tamper with the Montrose mill's pollution monitoringequipment.

The investigation expanded to include both environmental andconsumer fraud violations.

In its plea agreement, the company admitted it committed numerouscriminal acts, including conspiring to violate the Clean Air Act and FalseStatement Act, tampering with the Montrose mill's air pollution monitor on12 occasions by inserting foil into the monitor, pulling a protective lensoff the monitor, miscalibrating the monitor, and turning it off, lying tothe Colorado Department of Health about the number of times the Montrosemill violated the limits of its pollution permits, creating and submittingto the American Plywood Association non-representative samples of OSB thatthe Association used in its on-going quality assurance testing from 1990to 1994, and misrepresenting to its customers that its OSB conformed tothe quality assurance testing requirements of the Association.

12) Hoechst AG
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $36 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 19(6), May 10, 1999

The German chemical and pharmaceutical giant Hoechst AG pledguilty and agreed to pay a $36 million criminal fine for participating ina 17-year international conspiracy to fix prices and allocate marketshares on the sale of sorbates in the United States and elsewhere.

Federal officials charged Hoechst AG and Bernd Romahn, formerMarketing Manager of Hoechst's Food Ingredients Business Unit, withconspiring with unnamed sorbates producers to suppress and eliminatecompetition in the sorbates industry from 1979 until 1996.

In addition to the $36 million fine against the corporation,Romahn has agreed to pled guilty and pay a $250,000 criminal fine for hisrole in the conspiracy. As part of the plea agreements, Hoechst and Romahnhave agreed to cooperate in the ongoing government investigation.

13) Damon Clinical Laboratories, Inc.
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $35.2 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 39(6), October 14, 1996

Damon Clinical Laboratories, Inc., a unit of Corning Inc., pledguilty to a one-count criminal information charging the company withconspiring to defraud the United States by submitting false claims to theMedicare program.

The Corning paid $119 million in fines and penalties -- $35.2million as a criminal fine and $83.7 to resolve related civil liabilities.

Federal officials said that the $119 million payment represents arecovery of three dollars for every one dollar that the company stole fromfederal and state health care programs.

"Faced with declining profits and a changing health caremarketplace, Damon decided to cheat the Medicare program," said U.S.Attorney Donald Stern. "It did so by submitting literally millions offraudulent claims for payment to federal and state health care programsfor medically unnecessary laboratory tests. What was marketed as a LabScanwas actually a massive lab scam."

Federal officials charged that the company bundled three differenttests with certain blood panels, causing doctors to order tests that werenot medically necessary for the treatment and diagnosis of Medicarebeneficiaries.

After physicians had ordered the medically unnecessary tests,Damon then billed Medicare for the bundled tests, knowing that the testswere in fact not necessary.

14) C.R. Bard Inc.
Type of Crime: Food and drug
Criminal Fine: $30.9 million
7 Corporate Crime Reporter 41(1), October 25, 1993

C.R. Bard Inc., a heart catheter manufacturer, pled guilty to a391 count criminal charge for marketing an unapproved medical device thatcaused at least 10 patients to undergo emergency heart surgery and atleast one death.

The company paid $60.1 million in fines and penalties, including a$30.9 million criminal fine.

A heart catheter is a wire with a balloon like tip which istemporarily threaded into a person's coronary arteries by a doctor andthen inflated in order to flatten material which is clogging the artery.The device widens the path through which blood can flow to the heartmuscle.

The company pled guilty to conducting illegal experiments onpeople with the unapproved catheters, including illegal testing ofcatheters on people for the purpose of determining whether the catheterswere safe and effective.

About 22,000 people had used the catheters before they wererecalled in 1990.

15) Genentech Inc.
Type of Crime: Food and drug
Criminal Fine: $30 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 16(3), April 19, 1999

Genentech Inc., the San Francisco-based biotech and pharmaceuticalcompany, pled guilty to marketing to doctors one of its most lucrativeprescription drugs, Protropin, for uses which had not been approved by theFood and Drug Administration (FDA).

Genentech paid a $30 million criminal fine and $20 million incivil penalties.

Genentech will admit that from 1985 to 1994, it aggressivelymarketed Protropin, a synthetic human growth hormone, to doctors,hospitals, and others for use in the treatment of various medicalconditions for which Protropin had not received FDA approval.

It is illegal under federal law for a drug company to market adrug for purposes which the FDA has not approved based on research andclinical trials.

16) Nippon Gohsei
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $21 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 29(3), July 19, 1999

Nippon Gohsei, a large Japanese chemical producer, pled guilty andagreed to pay a $21 million criminal fine for participating in a 17-yearinternational conspiracy to suppress and eliminate competition in thefoods preservatives industry.

In San Francisco, the Justice Department charged Nippon GohseiFine Chemicals Business Department with conspiring to fix, raise, andmaintain prices, and allocate market shares on sorbates sold by them andunnamed co-conspirators from 1979 to 1996.

Sorbates are chemical preservatives used primarily inhigh-moisture and high-sugar foods such as cheese and other dairyproducts, baked goods, and other processed foods.

Roughly $200 million worth of sorbates, including potassiumsorbate and sorbic acid, are sold annually worldwide.

17)(tie) Pfizer Inc.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $20 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(1), July 26, 1999

Pfizer Inc. will pled guilty and agreed to pay criminal finestotaling $20 million for participating in two international price fixingconspiracies in the food additives industry.

Pfizer -- the fourth largest pharmaceutical company in the UnitedStates -- was charged with participating in a conspiracy to raise and fixprices and allocate market shares in the U.S. for a food preservativecalled sodium erythorbate, and to allocate customers and territories for aflavoring agent called maltol.

Federal officials charged Pfizer with conspiring with an unnamedsodium erythorbate producer to fix prices and allocate market shares onsodium erythorbate sales in the United States from 1992 to 1994.

Federal officials also charged the corporation with conspiringwith an unnamed maltol producer to allocate customers and territories forsales of maltol in the United States and elsewhere from 1989 until 1995.

Sodium erythorbate is a chemical food preservative used to protectthe color and flavor of meat, vegetables, and processed foods.

Maltol is a chemical food flavoring agent used primarily in fruitand caramel-flavored candies and beverages.

The two conspiracies affected more than $65 million in UnitedStates commerce.

17)(tie) Summitville Consolidated Mining Co. Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $20 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 20(3) May 20, 1996

The Summitville Consolidated Mining Co. Inc. pled guilty to 40counts of violating the Clean Water Act and other federal statutes at itsSummitville Gold Mine operation in southwestern Colorado from 1984 to1992. The company was fined $20 million.

The company pled guilty to one count of conspiracy, four counts ofmaking false statements, five counts of failing to report under the CleanWater Act, and 30 counts of knowingly violating the Clean Water Act bymaking unauthorized discharges to waters of the United States.

As part of the plea agreement Summitville agreed to pay themaximum criminal fine of $500,000 on each count, for a total fine of $20million.

Summitville, which opened in 1986, introduced a technology called"cyanide leaching" to extract gold from ore. This process, invented inScotland and first used in South Africa, involves spraying cyanidesolution on the ore to extract gold.

The cyanide waste that was left over was supposed to be stored inlined and covered ponds to prevent contact with local animals which candie if they drink the water. However, the cyanide solution did not stay inthe ponds but leaked through the lining into nearby creeks. By 1990, a16-mile stretch of the Alamosa river was biologically dead.

19)(tie) Lucas Western Inc.
Type of Crime: False Statements
Criminal Fine: $18.5 million
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 4(6), January 30, 1995

Lucas Western Industries, Inc., a subsidiary of Lucas Industriesplc, the British defense contractor, pled guilty to 37 counts ofsubmitting false statements to the U.S. Department of Defense and paid acriminal fine of $18.5 million.

Lucas falsely certified to the Defense Department that gearboxesit manufactured had been fully inspected. In fact, many requiredinspections had not been performed.

The charges focused on faulty gearboxes for two military programs-- the airframe mounted accessory drive for the Navy's F/A-18 aircraft andthe aximuth drive unit gearbox for the Army's Multiple Launch RocketSystem.

19)(tie) Rockwell International Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $18.5 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter 13(4), March 30, 1992

Rockwell International Corporation pled guilty to ten counts ofenvironmental crimes at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant nearBoulder, Colorado.

Rockwell pled guilty to four felony violations of the ResourceConservation and Recovery Act and to one felony and five misdemeanors ofthe Clean Water Act.

Federal officials charged that Rockwell illegally stored andtreated hazardous wastes generated during the production of plutonium"triggers" and other components of nuclear weapons at Rocky Flats.

Federal officials also charged that Rockwell improperly andillegally discharged wastes through its sewage treatment plant, creatingthe potential for contamination by runoff to a reservoir used for drinkingwater.

21) Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $18 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(4), July 26, 1999

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., one of the world's largest passengercruise lines, pled guilty to 21 felony counts and agreed to pay a record$18 million criminal fine for dumping waste oil and hazardous chemicalsand lying to the U.S. Coast Guard.

In a plea agreement, filed in federal courts in six cities, RoyalCaribbean admitted that it routinely dumped waste oil from its fleet ofcruise ships.

The company also pled guilty to the unprecedented charge that itdeliberately dumped into U.S. harbors and coastal areas many other typesof pollutants, including hazardous chemicals from photo processingequipment, dry cleaning shops and printing presses.

The $18 million fine is the largest ever to be paid by a cruiseline in connection with polluting U.S. waters.

The plea agreements were filed in Miami, New York City, LosAngeles, Anchorage, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, and, San Juan, PuertoRico.

"Royal Caribbean used our nation's waters as its dumping ground,even as it promoted itself as an environmentally 'green' company," saidAttorney General Janet Reno. "This case will sound like a foghornthroughout the entire maritime industry."

Under the terms of the plea agreement, the cruise ship operatorwill also pled guilty to deliberately storing waste from its ships at aPort of Miami pier without a permit, violating federal hazardous wastelaw.

Some hazardous materials, including toxic solvents from drycleaning operations, were illegally placed in the garbage aboard theships. The material was then either incinerated on the ship or dumped inU.S. or foreign ports mixed with ordinary garbage.

22) Teledyne Industries Inc.
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $17.5 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter 39(9), October 12, 1992

Teledyne Industries Inc. pled guilty to 35 counts of preparing andsubmitting false statements regarding the testing of electronic relays atits Teledyne Relays Division in Hawthorne, California.

Teledyne paid a $17.5 million criminal fine.

Federal officials alleged that the company sold commercial graderelay switches to the federal government while certifying that they hadsuccessfully met rigorous military testing requirements. The governmentpays a premium of nearly four times as much for the tested, militaryversion of the switches as it would for the untested, commercial qualityrelay switch.

23) Northrop
Type of Crime: False statements
Criminal Fine: $17 million
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 9(1), March 5, 1990

Northrop pled guilty to 34 counts of providing false statements tothe federal government over a three year period in connection with twomilitary programs -- the Air Launched Cruise Missile and the Navy HarrierJet.

24) Litton Applied Technology Division (ATD) andLitton Systems Canada (LSL)
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $16.5 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 27(1), July 5, 1999

Two Litton Industries, Inc. units pled guilty to felony chargesand agreed to pay $18.5 million in connection with the concealment ofcommissions paid to consultants who secured military sales to Taiwan andGreece.

Litton Applied Technology Division (ATD) and Litton Systems Canada(LSL) each pled guilty to one conspiracy count. LSL also pled guilty toadditional charges of mail fraud and false statements.

The two Litton units agreed to pay $18.5 million -- which includes$16.5 million in criminal fines and $2 million in restitution.

The federal case against the Litton units involves a long-runningconspiracy to defraud agencies of the United States and Taiwan inconnection with Litton's military sales to governments of Taiwan andGreece.

25) Iroquois Pipeline Operating Company
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $15 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 22(1), June 3, 1996

The Connecticut-based Iroquois Pipeline Operating Company and fourof its high-level officers and supervisors pled guilty to numerouscriminal violations of the Clean Water Act including failure to clean upor restore damage to nearly 200 streams and wetlands as a result ofrushing to meet construction deadlines.

The company agreed to pay $22 million in criminal and civil fines-- including a $15 million criminal fine -- for violating federalenvironmental and safety laws.

The violations stem from the construction of one of the country'slongest natural gas pipelines running 370 miles from Canada throughupstate New York and Connecticut to Long Island.

26) Eastman Chemical Company
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $11 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 38(5), October 5, 1998

Eastman Chemical Company pled guilty and agreed to pay an $11million criminal fine for participating in an international price-fixingconspiracy in the food preservatives industry.

Roughly $200 million worth of sorbates, which include potassiumsorbate and sorbic acid, is sold worldwide every year.

Sorbates are chemical preservatives used primarily as moldinhibitors in high-moisture and high-sugar foods such as cheese and otherdairy products, baked goods, and other processed foods.

Eastman is headquartered in Kingsport, Tennessee.

Federal officials alleged that Eastman, through one or more of itsemployees, conspired with other unnamed sorbate producers to suppress andeliminate competition in the sorbates market.

The Department of Justice alleged that Eastman officials agreedwith their co-conspirators on prices to be charged for sorbates sold inthe United States.

The single-count felony charges the company with participating inconversations to discuss the price of sorbates sold in the United States,agreeing, during those conversations, to charge prices at certain levelsand otherwise increase and maintain prices of sorbates sold in the UnitedStates, and issuing price announcements and price quotations in accordancewith the agreements reached.

27) Copley Pharmaceutical, Inc.
Type of Crime: Food and drug
Criminal Fine: $10.65 million
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 22(1), June 2, 1997

Copley Pharmaceutical, Inc., a Massachusetts-based generic drugmaker, pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to defraud the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) and agreed to pay a fine of $10.65 million.

Federal officials said the investigation began after two brothers-- Michael and Mark Riley -- who worked for the company, "blew the whistleon their superiors and the company."

A criminal information filed by the U.S. Attorney's office inBoston charged the company with:

* changing manufacturing methods from those approved by the FDAfor drugs, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs;

* falsifying manufacturing batch records to cover-up themanufacturing deviations;

* submitting false annual reports to the FDA for FDA-approveddrugs which did not disclose the manufacturing changes; and

* failing to seek prior FDA approval for certain manufacturingchanges.

28) Lonza AG
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $10.5 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 10(1), March 8, 1999

A Swiss vitamin manufacturer and five United States executivespled guilty and agreed to cooperate in the government's ongoinginvestigation of illegal collusive practices in the international vitaminindustry.

Federal officials charged the company, Lonza AG, withparticipating in a conspiracy to fix prices and allocate the volume ofsales of vitamin B3 (niacin and niacinamide). The company agreed to pay afine of $10.5 million for its role in the conspiracy.

The five executives were charged with participating in aconspiracy to fix prices and allocate customers and the sales of vitaminB4 (choline chloride). Vitamins B3 and B4 are used to enrich both animaland human nutritional products and are marketed worldwide.

In the Lonza case, federal officials alleged that companyexecutives agreed with the other major vitamin B3 firms to suppress andeliminate competition in the Vitamin B3 market.

29) Kimberly Home Health Care Inc.
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $10.08 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(6), July 26, 1999

Olsten Corporation and a subsidiary, Kimberly Home Health Care,Inc., agreed to pay $61 million to settle allegations that both companiesdefrauded the Medicare program. Olsten agreed to pay nearly $51 million aspart of a civil settlement, and Kimberly will enter into criminal pleaagreements in three districts and pay more than $10 million in criminalfines.

Kimberly will pled guilty to three separate felony charges, whichwere filed in Florida and Georgia.

Kimberly will pled guilty to conspiracy, mail fraud and violatingthe Medicare Anti-Kickback statute, and agreed to pay $10.08 million incriminal fines in connection with its scheme to defraud the Medicareprogram.

Kimberly's parent company, Olsten, entered into a civil settlementagreement with the United States and agreed to pay $50.92 million toresolve its civil liability stemming from the same Medicare fraud schemesand an additional scheme in Brooklyn, New York.

Olsten and its subsidiaries own and operate management andstaffing services for home health agencies in several states, includingFlorida and Georgia.

Federal officials alleged kickbacks and false Medicare billingsmade in connection with Kimberly's receipt of fees from another companyfor Kimberly's management of certain home health agencies.

30)(tie) Ajinomoto Co. Inc.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $10 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 40(1), October 21, 1996

Ajinomoto Co. Inc., pled guilty to suppressing and eliminatingcompetition in the lysine market from June 1992 through June 27, 1995 inviolation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Lysine is an amino acid used by farmers as a feed additive toensure the proper growth of livestock. It is a $600 million a yearindustry worldwide.

30)(tie) Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI)
Type of Crime: Financial
Criminal Fine: $10 million
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 3(1) January 22, 1990

Two BCCI units pled guilty to 29 counts of laundering illegal drugprofits. At the time of the indictment, Justice Department officialscalled the BCCI prosecution "the most important money laundering case inU.S. history." Among the bank's customers was Manuel Noriega.

Under the plea agreement, the two BCCI units, Bank of Credit andCommerce International S.A. and Bank of Credit and Commerce International(Overseas) Ltd. would forfeit $14.8 million in alleged drug profits and beplaced on probation for five years.

BCCI was assessed $550 million in restitution, fines andpenalties, including a $10 million criminal fine.

30)(tie) Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $10 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 40(1), October 21, 1996

Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd. pled guilty to suppressing andeliminating competition in the lysine market from June 1992 through June27, 1995 in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Lysine is an amino acid used by farmers as a feed additive toensure the proper growth of livestock. It is a $600 million a yearindustry worldwide.

30)(tie) Warner-Lambert Company
Type of Crime: Food and drug
Criminal Fine: $10 million
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 46(1), December 4, 1995

Warner-Lambert Company, a Fortune 500 pharmaceutical manufacturer,pled guilty to one felony count and was sentenced to pay a $10 millioncriminal fine for fraudulently failing to notify the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) about persistent drug stability problems with certainprescription drugs.

Federal officials charged that the company violated federal law byfraudulently failing to report to the FDA drug stability failuresconcerning the prescription drug Dilantin, a widely used anti-epilepticmedication.

34) General Electric
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $9.5 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(7), July 27, 1992

General Electric Company pled guilty to charges of defrauding thefederal government of $26.5 million in the sale of military equipment toIsrael.

The company paid $69 million in fines, penalties and damages forcommitting the offenses. Of that, $9.5 million is a criminal fine.

The company pled guilty to diverting millions of dollars to aformer Israeli Air Force General to assist GE in securing favorabletreatment in connection with the F-16 program.

35)(tie) Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $9 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 23(3), June 8, 1998

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., one of the world's largest passengercruise lines, pled guilty to a fleet-wide conspiracy of dumping oil intothe ocean and lying to the U.S. Coast Guard to cover up the crimes. Thecompany was fined $9 million.

The plea agreement, which was filed in federal courts in Miami,Florida, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, was reached on the eve of trialsscheduled in Miami and Puerto Rico on June 2nd and 8th, 1998.

Royal Caribbean president Jack Williams issued a strong statementaccepting responsibility and apologizing for the company's crimes.

Federal officials said that the conspiracy included using falseoil record books. These logs were kept to record all overboard discharges.Some Royal Caribbean engineers had referred to the oil record books, whichwere presented to the Coast Guard during inspections in U.S. ports, as the"Eventyrbok," which means "Fairytale book" in Norwegian.

The company also pled guilty to two counts of obstruction ofjustice -- witness tampering (ordering an engineer to lie to a federalgrand jury) and destroying evidence of a bypass pipe used to make illegaldischarges from the cruise ship "Sovereign of the Seas."

35)(tie) Showa Denko Carbon
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $9 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 19(4), May 10, 1999

Showa Denko Carbon, Inc. (SDC), a U.S. subsidiary of theJapanese firm Showa Financing KK, pled guilty to a charge ofparticipating in an international cartel to fix the price and allocate thevolume of graphite electrodes sold in the United States and elsewhere andwas fined $9 million.

Graphite electrodes are large columns used in electric arcfurnaces in steel-making "mini-mills."

SDC is charged with violating the Sherman Antitrust Act byconspiring with unnamed co-conspirators to suppress and eliminatecompetition. According to the charges, SDC fixed prices and allocatedmarket share for graphite electrodes in the United States and elsewherefrom 1993 until January 1997.

37) IBM East Europe/Asia Ltd.
Type of Crime: Illegal exports
Criminal Fine: $8.5 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 32(1), August 10, 1998

A unit of IBM Corp. pled guilty in Washington, D.C. to a 17-countcriminal information charging violations that the company unlawfullyexported computers to a Russian nuclear lab.

The company, IBM East Europe/Asia Ltd., was sentenced to pay $8.5million, the maximum fine authorized by law.

IBM East Europe/Asia Ltd., the Russian subsidiary of IBM, admittedthat it sold and exported computers to Arzamas-16, the Russian nuclearlab, "having reason to believe that the computers would be used directlyor indirectly in research on or development, design, manufacture,construction, testing or maintenance of nuclear explosive devices" inviolation of federal export control laws.

38) Empire Sanitary Landfill Inc.
Type of crime: Campaign finance
Criminal fine: $8 million
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 39(3), October 13, 1997

Empire Sanitary Landfill Inc. pled guilty to making illegalcampaign contributions and was fined $8 million, the largest criminal fineever imposed in a federal election campaign finance fraud prosecution.

In Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, federal officials charged Empire withmaking $129,000 in illegal corporate contributions.

The money went to both the Dole and Clinton 1996 presidentcampaigns and numerous Congressional campaigns, but the Dole campaignreceived the largest chunk of the money -- $80,000 in illegalcontributions in April and May 1995.

39)(tie) Colonial Pipeline Company
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $7 million
13 Corporate Crime Reporter 9(3), March 1, 1999

Colonial Pipeline Company, the operator of the largest hazardousliquid pipeline in the world, pled guilty to criminal charges inconnection with a spill of almost one million gallons of oil into theReedy River in South Carolina.

The company was fined $7 million and put on five years probation.

Colonial is owned by several of the world's largest oil companies.Shareholders include Mobil, Texaco and Amoco.

The company pled guilty to a misdemeanor charge of violating theClean Water Act when it failed to exercise reasonable care leading to therupture of its pipeline where it crosses the Reedy River nearSimpsonville, South Carolina.

Colonial Pipeline acknowledged that its actions led to the spillof about 960,000 gallons of diesel fuel affecting a 23-mile segment of theriver. The spill killed about 35,000 fish and also affected wildlife suchas beaver, muskrat, and turtles, which died as a result of direct contactwith the spilled oil.

39)(tie) Eklof Marine Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $7 million
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 37(4), September 29, 1997

A tugboat company, Eklof Marine Corporation, its president, thetugboat's captain and two affiliated companies pled guilty toenvironmental crimes in connection with a 826,000 gallon oil spill offRhode Island in 1996.

The spill caused substantial environmental damage, killing marineand bird life on Rhode Island's south coast.

The North Cape barge, carrying four million gallons of homeheating oil, ran aground after a fire broke out in the engine room of theScandia tugboat, which was towing the North Cape to Providence.

The crew had to abandon the tug, leaving it and the barge adriftin a severe winter storm.

Eklof Marine Corporation, two affiliate companies, Eklof'spresident and the tugboat's captain admitted that their combinednegligence caused the spill.

The companies agreed to pay $8.5 million in fines and conservationpayments and will undertake a $1 million remedial safety program on anyvessels navigating Rhode Island waters.

41)(tie) Chevron
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $6.5 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter, 22(1), June 1, 1992

Chevron pled guilty to 65 Clean Water Act violations and paid $8million in criminal and civil fines.

The crimes were committed on Platform Grace, an oil drillingplatform in the Santa Barbara Channel.

Of the $8 million, $6.5 million is a criminal penalty, and $1.5million is a civil penalty.

Federal officials charged that Chevron discharged oil and greasein waste water that exceeded limits in its federal permit.

Chevron also admitted to diluting waste water prior to its beingsampled, so as to understate the actual amount of oil and grease dischargewhich it reported to the Environmental Protection Administration.

41)(tie) Rockwell International Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $6.5 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 15(4), April 15, 1996

Rockwell International Corporation pled guilty to three felonycounts and agreed to pay a $6.5 million fine in connection with a 1994chemical explosion that killed two scientists at the firm's Santa SusanaField Laboratory in Simi Hills, California.

Federal officials in Los Angeles charged that in June and July1994, Rockwell's Rocketdyne division illegally stored and disposed ofhazardous waste at the facility. The waste in question, triaminoguanidinenitrate (TAGN), an explosive, was used as a gun propellant.

On July 26, 1994, two Rockwell scientists, Otto Heiney and LarryPugh, were killed in an explosion at the facility.

For months following the blast, Rockwell officials claimed thatHeiney and Pugh died while conducting legitimate experiments withexplosives. But Rocketdyne President Paul Smith later admitted that theblast came as the two were illegally burning a volatile explosive to getrid of it.

43) Tokai Carbon Ltd. Co.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $6 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 19(4), May 10, 1999

Tokai Carbon Ltd. Co. pled guilty to a charge of participating inan international cartel to fix the price and allocate the volume ofgraphite electrodes sold in the United States and elsewhere and was fined$6 million.

Graphite electrodes are large columns used in electric arcfurnaces in steel-making "mini-mills."

44)(tie) Allied Clinical Laboratories, Inc.
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $5 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 45(1), November 25, 1996

Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp),headquartered in Burlington, North Carolina, agreed to pay $182 million toresolve allegations that it submitted false claims for medicallyunnecessary laboratory tests to federal and state health care programs.

Immediately before the announcement of the civil settlement, theSan Diego Regional Laboratory of Allied Clinical Laboratories, Inc., whichis now owned by LabCorp, pled guilty to submitting a false claim toMedicare and to the California Medicaid Program for an unnecessary bloodtest and was fined $5 million.

LabCorp entered into a pre-trial diversion program with the U.S.Attorney in North Carolina and a corporate integrity program with theDepartment of Health and Human Services.

The settlement is the largest single settlement under the qui tamprovisions of the False Claims Act. The largest previous settlement waswith United Technologies Corporation in 1994 for $150 million.

The LabCorp case came to the attention of law enforcementofficials after a doctor noticed that the blood laboratory he was usingroutinely did tests that he neither needed nor wanted for his patients.

44)(tie) Northern Brands International Inc.
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $5 million
13 Corporate Crime Reporter 1(1), January 4,1999

Northern Brands International Inc., a unit of R.J. ReynoldsTobacco International Inc., pled guilty and agreed to pay a total of $15million in criminal fines and forfeitures for aiding and abettingcustomers who evaded more than $2.5 million in U.S. excise taxes byfraudulently transporting within the United States cigarettes that wereintended to be exported.

"This guilty plea may be the first time an affiliate of a majortobacco company has been convicted of a federal crime in the UnitedStates," said U.S. Attorney Thomas Maroney in Binghamton, New York.

Northern Brands, which is headquartered in Winston-Salem, NorthCarolina, was charged with fraudulently moving 26 loads of Canadiancigarettes by representing to the U.S. Customs Service that themerchandise would be transported in the U.S. solely for exportation to theRepublic of Estonia or the Republic of Russia.

44)(tie) Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation
Type of Crime: Obstruction of justice
Criminal Fine: $5 million
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 2(3), January 16, 1995

Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary ofJohnson & Johnson, pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to obstructjustice, one count of obstruction of justice and eight counts of corruptlypersuading employees to destroy documents relating to a federalinvestigation of the drug company's Retin A public relations campaign.

The company was fined $5 million and ordered to pay restitution of$2.5 million.

The charges related to a Food and Drug Administrationinvestigation into an extensive public relations campaign that generatedpublicity about Retin-A's use in the treatment of sun-wrinkled, orphotoaged, skin.

Retin-A was approved by the FDA in 9171 for the treatment of Acne.The FDA did not approve Retin-A for the use in treatment of photoagedskin.

The company admitted directing its employees to destroy documentsrelating to the Retin-A public relations campaign.

44)(tie) Unisys
Type of Crime: Bribery
Criminal Fine: $5 million
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 35(11), September 16, 1991

Unisys pled guilty to conspiracy to defraud the U.S., bribery,conversion of government property, filing a false statement and filingfalse claims.

Unisys pled guilty to bribing three former high ranking Navyofficials. The company was forced to pay a total of $190 million incriminal and civil fines and restitution.

44)(tie) Georgia Pacific Corporation
Type of Crime: Tax evasion
Criminal Fine: $5 million
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 38(8), October 7, 1991

Georgia Pacific Corporation pled guilty to federal charges of taxevasion. Federal officials alleged that the company made a false claim ofa $24 million charitable contribution deduction on the company's 1984federal income tax return. The company agreed to pay a $5 million criminalfine and $16 million to settle civil charges.

49) Kanzaki Specialty Papers Inc.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $4.5 million
8 Corporate Crime Reporter 29(4), July 18, 1994

Kanzaki Specialty Papers Inc. pled guilty to conspiring to fixthe prices of thermal fax paper. The defendants companies raised theprices to North American customers by about 10 percent.

Kanzaki was fined $4.5 million.

50) ConAgra Inc.
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $4.4 million
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 12(1), March 24, 1997

ConAgra Inc., one of the nation's largest food companies, pledguilty to federal charges of adulteration, misgrading, and misweighing ofgrain.

The company agreed to pay $8.3 million in penalties, including acriminal fine of $4.4 million.

Federal officials alleged that ConAgra used several schemes todefraud farmers and grain buyers to increase their own grain inventoriesand profits. Soybeans were purposefully misgraded, allowing ConAgra to payless to the farmer, yet sell at higher prices. Water was added to graininventories, thereby adding weight and increasing profits when grain wassold. And ConAgra significantly misweighed grain being sold to end users.

51) Ryland Mortgage Company
Type of Crime: Financial
Criminal Fine: $4.2 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 32(1), August 10, 1998

Ryland Mortgage Company pled guilty to two counts of corruptlyinterfering with the functions of the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC)and agreed to pay $7.7 million.

Ryland Mortgage is a unit of the Columbia, Maryland-based TheRyland Group.

Federal officials in Jacksonville, Florida alleged that Ryland"intentionally induced" the RTC to make overpayments to Ryland totalling$3.4 million for loan servicing contracts.

The company agreed to pay fines totalling $4.2 million and $3.5million in restitution and interest.

52)(tie) Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $4 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 29(1), July 20, 1998

Health Care Service Corporation (HCSC), also known as Blue CrossBlue Shield of Illinois, pled guilty to eight felony counts and agreed topay $144 million after admitting it concealed evidence of poor performancein processing Medicare claims for the federal government.

HCSC, the Medicare contractor for Illinois and Michigan, alsoadmitted obstructing justice and conspiring to obstruct federal auditors.

The company agreed to pay $4 million in criminal fines and $140million in a civil settlement to resolve its liability under the FalseClaims Act.

"Medicare fraud and abuse is always a serious matter but it isparticularly grievous when the abuse involves a contractor entrusted toprotect the financial integrity of the program," said June Gibbs Brown,the Inspector General at the Department of Health and Human Services. "Inthis case, the trust was flagrantly violated by a prestigious nationallyknown company. It engaged in unconscionable conduct that adverselyaffected Medicare beneficiaries, providers and the program itself."

Brown said the company "compromised protections by artificiallyinflating performance results."

"It also falsified and destroyed documents for the purpose ofdisguising its shortcomings," Brown said.

52)(tie) Borden Inc.
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $4 million
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 11(9), March 19, 1990

Borden Inc. pled guilty to multi-count felony informationscharging long-running conspiracies to rig bids to supply dairy products tofederally subsidized school milk programs and military installations.

Federal officials alleged that Borden conspired to rig school milkbids in the Florida peninsula from the early 1970s through at least 1988.

52)(tie) Dexter Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $4 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter 35(6), September 14, 1992

Dexter Corporation, a Connecticut-based Fortune 500 paper company,pled guilty to violating federal and state pollution laws. The companypled guilty to eight felony counts of knowingly violating the Clean WaterAct.

The company was charged with illegally disposing of carbondisulfide at its Windsor Locks facility.

The company paid a $4 million criminal fine and $9 million incivil penalties.

52)(tie) Southland Corporation
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $4 million
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 11(9), March 19, 1990

Southland Corporation pled guilty to multi-count felonyinformations charging long-running conspiracies to rig bids to supplydairy products to federally subsidized school milk programs and militaryinstallations.

Federal officials alleged that Southland conspired to rig schoolmilk bids in the Florida peninsula from the early 1970s through at least1988.

52)(tie) Teledyne Industries Inc.
Type of Crime: Illegal exports
Criminal Fine: $4 million
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 5(3), February 6, 1995

Teledyne Industries Inc. pled guilty to charges that it illegallyexported cluster bomb components from the United States for use by Iraqduring its war with Iran during the 1980s.

A cluster bomb consists of a large bomb casing filled withhundreds of small bomblets. The casing breaks open as the bomb is dropped,and disperses the bomblets over a wide area.

52)(tie) Tyson Foods Inc.
Type of Crime: Public corruption
Criminal Fine: $4 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 1(3), January 5, 1998

Tyson Foods Inc., the world's largest chicken products company,pled guilty to giving former Secretary of Agriculture Alphonso MichaelEspy over $12,000 in gratuities and agreed to pay $6 million in fines andinvestigative expenses.

A one-count criminal information charged that Tyson Foods gavefour gratuities to Espy during 1993 and 1994 while Tyson had a number ofmatters before the Department of Agriculture (USDA).

The matters included an emergency interim final rule issued onAugust 16, 1993 by the USDA that required processors, including TysonFoods, to place safe handling instructions on all raw meat and poultrypackaging.

U.S. District Court Judge Ricardo M. Urbina accepted Tyson Foods'plea of guilty, which was entered by Don Tyson, the chairman of the TysonFoods Board of Directors.

Under the terms of the plea agreement, Tyson Foods agreed to pay a$4 million fine and $2 million in investigative costs.

58)(tie) Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA)
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3.75 million
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 29(6), July 22, 1991

The Aluminum Company of America pled guilty to environmentalcrimes and paid $7.5 million in fines for hazardous waste and otherviolations at the company's facility in Massena, New York.

The payment includes a criminal fine of $3.75 million, at the timethe largest fine ever assessed for a hazardous waste violation.

58)(tie) Costain Coal Inc.
Type of Crime: Worker Death
Criminal Fine: $3.75 million
7 Corporate Crime Reporter 9(10), March 1, 1993

Costain Coal Inc. pled guilty to a pattern of misconduct at aKentucky mine shaft site where a 1989 explosion killed ten workers. Thecompany agreed to pay a $3.75 million fine.

The company pled guilty to 29 counts and no contest to threecounts. Twenty three of the counts were felonies, and nine of the countswere misdemeanors. They included violations of the Mine Safety Act'smandatory health and safety standards and false statements on recordsfiled by the company.

58)(tie) United States Sugar Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3.75 million
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 27(4), December 9, 1991

United States Sugar Corporation pled guilty to eight felonyenvironmental counts and was fined $3.75 million.

Federal officials charged U.S. Sugar with eight felonies involvingthe illegal disposal and transportation of hazardous wastes.

Federal officials alleged that the crimes occurred at thecompany's Bryant facilities in the Lake Okeechobee area of south Florida.Federal officials charged the company with illegal disposal of leadsubacetate hazardous wastes in the late 1980s. Lead subacetate is achemical agent containing 72 percent lead which is used in the sugar milllaboratory during the harvest season.

61) Saybolt, Inc., Saybolt North America
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3.4 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 33(1), August 17, 1998

Saybolt, Inc., and its parent company, Saybolt, North America,pled guilty to falsifying reports submitted to the EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) and violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA). The company agreed to pay a $3.4 million fine.

Saybolt's primary business is the testing of bulk commodities,such as petroleum, gasoline and other petrochemicals.

Federal officials alleged that false reports involved testing ofthe oxygen content of reformulated gasoline (RFG). RFG is blended to meetspecifications for various chemical and physical properties, includingoxygen content.

Federal officials also alleged that in 1995, Saybolt arranged topay $50,000 in cash to Panamanian government officials in order to obtainfavorable treatment for the company's operations in that country.

62)(tie) Bristol-Myers Squibb
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter 18(3), May 4, 1992

Bristol-Myers Squibb, one of the world's largest pharmaceuticalcompanies, pled guilty to charges of illegally discharging pollutants intoSyracuse, New York area waters.

The company paid $3.5 million in criminal fines and penalties andagreed to built a pre-treatment facility that will cost at least $10million.

The company admitted to discharging chemical pollutants into theOnondaga County Metropolitan Treatment Plant in September and October 1987in violation of the federal Clean Water Act.

62)(tie) Chemical Waste Management Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter 40(5), October 19, 1992

Chemical Waste Management Inc., a unit of Waste Management Inc.,pled guilty to six felony violations of the federal Superfund law, for thecompany's failure to notify the government about reportable quantities ofhazardous wastes that were released into the environment.

Federal officials alleged that the company knowingly andintentionally crushed numerous drums containing hazardous substances inorder to speed up a clean-up product outside Scranton, Pennsylvania.

The company paid a $3 million criminal fine and $2.85 in criminalrestitution. In total, the company paid $11.6 million in criminal, civiland administrative penalties in connection with the settlement of thecase.

62)(tie) Ketchikan Pulp Company
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3 million
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 13(1), April 3, 1995

Ketchikan Pulp Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of LouisianaPacific Corporation, pled guilty to dumping harmful sludge and wastewaterinto Alaska's Ward Cove, including an intentional dump that lasted forfive straight days.

The company paid $3 million in criminal fines, $3.1 million incivil penalties and was ordered to clean up the area where it polluted.

62)(tie) United Technologies Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3 million
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 21(1), May 27, 1991

United Technologies Corporation pled guilty to six felonyviolations of federal environmental laws and was fined $3 million, at thetime the largest criminal fine ever for a hazardous waste violation in theUnited States.

The charges related to the illegal discharge of hazardous waste atthe company Sikorsky Aircraft Division in Stratford, Connecticut in 1986.

Federal officials charged that an industrial solvent was dumpedillegally on the ground at the Stratford facility.

62)(tie) Warner-Lambert Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3 million
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 37(3), September 29, 1997

Pharmaceutical manufacturer Warner-Lambert Inc. pled guilty andagreed to pay a $3 million criminal fine for falsifying reports on thelevels of pollutants it was releasing into a drainage channel that feedsthe Cibuco River from its wastewater treatment plant in Vega Baja, PuertoRico.

The company also agreed to pay a $670,000 civil penalty forroutinely releasing excessive levels of pollutants between 1992 and 1995,violating its wastewater discharge permit 347 times.

67)(tie) Arizona Chemical Co. Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $2.5 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 39(5), October 14, 1996

Arizona Chemical Co. Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary ofInternational Paper Co., pled guilty, was fined $2.5 million, and wasordered to pay $1.5 million in restitution to the Pollution Emergency Fundof the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).

The company pled guilty to felony violations of the Clean WaterAct (CWA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

Arizona Chemical operates chemical manufacturing plants inGulfport and Picayune, Mississippi.

The company admitted to two felony counts of violating the CWA atits Gulfport plant. The violations occurred as a result of manipulatingthe plant's wastewater treatment system on sampling days so that it couldreport more favorable results under the plant's National PollutionDischarge Elimination System permit.

The company also admitted to one felony RCRA count involving thePicayune plant which had accumulated and stored a number of drumscontaining hazardous waste and had intentionally mischaracterized some ofthe drums as "cleaning oil" on inventory sheets.

67)(tie) Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail)
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $2.5 million
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(1), July 31, 1995

Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) pled guilty to six felonycounts of violating federal environmental laws by knowingly dischargingharmful quantities of oil and grease into the Charles River.

Under the plea agreement, the company was fined $2.5 million.

Conrail pled guilty to six violations of the Clean Water Act andOil Pollution Act, including discharging oil and grease into the CharlesRiver on April 7, 1994 from its Beacon Park Rail Yard in Allston,Massachusetts.

The discharge caused a visible oil slick on the Charles Riverhundreds of yards long, and was seen by a rower who reported it toenvironmental authorities.

69) International Paper
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $2.2 million
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 31(7), August 5, 1991

International Paper pled guilty to five felony counts forviolations of environmental laws at its Androscoggin Mill in Jay, Maine.The company paid $2.2 million in criminal fines.

Federal officials alleged that during the course of the company'soperation of the mill from 1986 to 1988, the company knowingly generated,stored and treated hazardous wastes without a permit.

In addition, federal officials alleged that the company gave falsematerial statements.

70)(tie) Consolidated Edison Company
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $2 million
8 Corporate Crime Reporter 46(5), November 28, 1994

Consolidated Edison Company pled guilty to four environmentalcrime counts in connection with the release of 200 pounds of asbestosafter an August 1989 steam manhole explosion in the Gramercy Park sectionof Manhattan.

The company was fined $2 million. The company pled to failing toreport the asbestos release in a timely fashion and falsely reporting thatthe company did not believe that asbestos found in the street was from themanhole.

70)(tie) Crop Growers Corporation
Type of Crime: Campaign finance
Criminal fine: $2 million
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 4(3), January 27, 1997

Crop Growers Corporation, the second largest private seller offederal multi-peril crop insurance, pled no contest to conspiring todefraud the Federal Election Commission by concealing $46,000 in illegalcorporate contributions to the Henry Espy for Congress campaign in 1993and 1994, and with falsifying its books and records to hide these illegalcontributions. The company was fined $2 million.

On the eve of its trial, Crop Growers pled nolo contendre to atwo-count indictment which charged that in 1993, corporate contributionstotaling $26,000 were disguised as individual contributions from variousemployees, related parties and their spouses, and that an additional$20,000 corporate contribution was made in 1994 to Henry Espy's campaigndebt retirement effort through a New Orleans lawyer.

70)(tie) E-Systems Inc.
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $2 million
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 33, September 3, 1990

E-Systems Inc. pled guilty to conspiracy to defraud the governmenton contracts for Army field radios by falsifying test results.

Federal prosecutors charged that the company and others conspiredto falsify records and test results of tactical field radios supplied tothe Army. The company also pled guilty to filing for and receivingpayments based on the submission of false information.

E-Systems agreed to pay a $2 million criminal fine and $1.8million in restitution.

70)(tie) HAL Beheer BV
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $2 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 39(4), October 12, 1998

HAL Beheer BV, the Dutch corporation that operated the HollandAmerica Line cruise ship ss Rotterdam, pled guilty to felony violations ofthe Act to Prevent Pollution From Ships.

As part of its plea, the company agreed to pay a $2 million fineand will be placed on probation for a period of five years.

HAL Beheer BV pled guilty to discharging an oily mixture from thebilges of the vessel in violation of the federal law that prohibitsdumping of untreated bilge water into coastal waters within three miles ofAmerica's shores.

The company also pled guilty to failing to keep records of oilymixture discharge, as required by law.

70)(tie) John Morrell and Company
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $2 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 6(3), February 12, 1996

John Morrell and Company, pled guilty to dumping slaughterhousewaste into the Big Sioux River in Sioux Falls, South Dakota anddeliberately submitting phony test data and discharge reports to concealits crimes.

Morrell paid a $2 million criminal fine and was ordered to spendanother $1 million to establish a local environmental cleanup fund.

The charges include conspiracy and violations of the Clean WaterAct related to Morrell's unlawful discharges of slaughterhouse waste froma company wastewater treatment plant over an 8-year period, from 1985 to1993.

70)(tie) United Technologies Corporation
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $2 million
6 Corporate Crime Reporter 34(4), September 7, 1992

United Technologies Corporation (UTC) pled guilty to four felonycounts and paid a $2 million criminal fine.

Three of the counts related to the procurement of a Marine Corpsradar control system. The fourth count related to the Navy's procurementof F-404 jet engines.

In the plea agreement, UTC admitted that it conspired to defraudthe government, to convert procurement sensitive information and to commitwire fraud in connection with the procurement of the radar and engines.

76) Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi International Corporation
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $1.8 million
8 Corporate Crime Reporter 29(4), July 18, 1994

Mitsubishi Corporation and Mitsubishi International Corporationpled guilty to conspiring to fix the prices of thermal fax paper. Thedefendants companies raised the prices to North American customers byabout 10 percent.

Mitsubishi Corporation was fined $1.26 million and MitsubishiInternational Corporation was fined $540,000.

77)(tie) Blue Shield of California
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $1.5 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 18(3), May 6, 1996

Blue Shield of California pled guilty to three felony counts inconnection with efforts by various Blue Shield employees to conceal claimsprocessing errors from Medicare examiners over a six-year period.

The company was fined $1.5 million.

Federal officials charged that Blue Shield, acting throughemployees in its Medicare Division, conspired to obstruct audits conductedin connection with Blue Shield's Medicare Part B contract with the HealthCare Financing Administration.

77)(tie) Browning-Ferris Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $1.5 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 23(3), June 8, 1998

Browning-Ferris Inc. (BFI) pled guilty to failing to notify theDistrict of Columbia that it discharged contaminated wastewater from itsmedical waste facility into Washington, D.C.'s sewer system.

BFI was fined $1.5 million and agreed to a nationwide program toensure its medical waste facilities are complying with the law.

Federal officials charged the company with dischargingcontaminated wastewater from it's Capitol Processing Plant in violation ofthe Clean Water Act. The plant is a medical waste facility located innortheast Washington, D.C.

77)(tie) Odwalla Inc.
Type of Crime: Food and drug
Criminal Fine: $1.5 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(1), July 27, 1998

Odwalla, Inc, the company with a reputation for making pure,clean, and nutritious juice drinks, pled guilty to violating federal foodsafety laws and agreed to pay a $1.5 million fine for selling contaminatedapple juice that killed a 16-month old girl and injured at least 70others.

The fine is the largest criminal fine for a food injury case inthe history of the Food and Drug Administration and the first suchcriminal conviction obtained in the wake of a large-scale pathogenicoutbreak.

Odwalla pled guilty to sixteen counts of "delivery of adulteratedfood products for introduction into interstate commerce."

The company will serve five years of supervised probation.

77)(tie) Teledyne Inc.
Type of Crime: False statements
Criminal Fine: $1.5 million
7 Corporate Crime Reporter 34(12), September 6, 1993

Teledyne Inc. pled guilty to three felony counts for making falsestatements to the federal government and was fined $1.5 million.

Federal officials alleged that the company submitted falsestatements to the government related to its undisclosed payment ofmillions of dollars in commissions to a Taiwan consultant to obtainmilitary contracts from the Taiwan government.

77)(tie) Unocal Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $1.5 million
8 Corporate Crime Reporter 12(8), March 21, 1994

Unocal Corporation pled no contest to three criminal pollutioncharges and agreed to pay a $1.5 million criminal fine for leakingpetroleum thinner into the ocean and groundwater at its Guadalupe,California oil field.

The company was found guilty of discharging up to 8.5 milliongallons of petroleum over a 40 year period.

Unocal submitted a plea of no contest and was found guilty ofcriminal charges of failing to report the discharge of petroleum, anddischarging the petroleum where it could pass into state waters.

California authorities agreed to drop 33 misdemeanor charges,including six charges against Unocal employees, when the company acceptedfull criminal responsibility for its conduct.

82)(tie) Doyon Drilling Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $1 million
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 21(1), May 25, 1998

Doyon Drilling Inc., an Alaskan oil drilling firm, pled guilty to15 counts of violating the Oil Pollution Act, was fined $1 million and wasordered to serve five years probation.

The company also agreed to spend $2 million to establish anenvironmental compliance and training program for its employees.

Michael Krupa, Doyon's health, safety and environmentalcoordinator, pled guilty to two counts of illegally discharging oil andhazardous substances and will serve one year and one day in jail and pay a$25,000 fine.

Allan Sinclair, Doyon's former toolpusher/rig supervisor pledguilty to concealing a felony and will serve four months of homeconfinement, five years probation and pay a $25,000 fine.

All three defendants pled guilty to illegally disposing of paintthinner, paint, oil and solvents by illegally injecting them down theouter rim of oil producing wells on Endicott Island, a man-made drillingfacility located off of the northern coast of Alaska.

82)(tie) Eastman Kodak
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $1 million
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 14(1), April 9, 1990

Eastman Kodak Company pled guilty to state criminal charges ofunlawful dealing in hazardous wastes and failure to properly notifyauthorities of a chemical spill.

The charges grew out of a spill of about 5,100 gallons ofmethylene chloride in February 1987 and the failure of the company toimmediately notify government officials of the spill.

Neighborhood groups fighting Kodak were disappointed with the $1million criminal fine. "It's equivalent to you or I getting a jaywalkingticket," said Joseph Polito, a neighboring resident.

82)(tie) Case Corporation
Type of Crime: Illegal exports
Criminal Fine: $1 million
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 22(4), June 3, 1996

Case Corporation, headquartered in Racine, Wisconsin, pled guiltyto two counts of violating the International Emergency Economic Powers Act(IEEPA) and one count of violating the Export Administration Act.

In January and February of 1986, then President Ronald Reaganissued Executive Orders prohibiting citizens of the United States fromperforming contracts in support of commercial or government projects inLibya.

Case, a unit of Tenneco, pled guilty to selling, through a Frenchaffiliate, heavy construction equipment to Libya.

85) Marathon Oil
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $900,000
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 22(5), June 3, 1991

Marathon Oil Company pled guilty to criminal violations of theClean Water Act. The company illegally discharged pollutants from itsrefinery in Indianapolis.

The guilty plea concludes a two year investigation by the FBIfollowing a May 26, 1989 explosion and fire in a house located downstreamfrom the refinery. Shortly after the explosion, measurements were taken inthe sewer system at the refinery's discharge point that showed 100 percentlevels of explosivity.

The company pled guilty to one felony count and two misdemeanorcounts.

86) Hyundai Motor Company
Type of Crime: Campaign finance
Criminal Fine: $600,000
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 48(3), December 18, 1995

Hyundai Motor America pled guilty to charges of violating theFederal Election Campaign Act in connection with illegal contributions tothe 1992 Jay Kim for Congress Campaign.

A federal grand jury in Los Angeles indicted Hyundai on charges ofmaking prohibited corporate contributions, illegal contributions throughemployee conduits, and prohibited foreign national contributions to the1992 Jay Kim for Congress Campaign Committee.

Under federal law, it is illegal for corporations and foreignnationals to contribute to candidates in federal elections and it isillegal to make contributions under the name of another.

The company was fined $600,000.

87)(tie) Baxter International Inc.
Type of Crime: Illegal Boycott
Criminal Fine: $500,000
7 Corporate Crime Reporter 13(7) , March 29, 1993

Baxter International Inc. pled guilty to a criminal felony forviolating the Anti-Boycott Statute by providing information about thecompany's business dealings with Israel to Arab League boycottauthorities.

The company paid $6 million in civil penalties and a $500,000criminal fine.

87)(tie) Bethship-Sabine Yard
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $500,000
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 26(4), July 3, 1995

A $500,000 criminal fine was levied against the Bethship-SabineYard in Port Arthur, Texas, a division of Bethlehem Steel Corp., after thecompany pled guilty to illegally discharging pollutants into the SabineNeches Waterway.

Bethship-Sabine Yard will also pay $1 million to the SoutheastTexas Coastal Trust Fund, a fund entrusted to the Texas Parks and WildlifeFoundation to increase the productivity of coastal wetlands and estuarineecosystems in and near the Sabine Neches Waterway.

The one count information alleged that between January 25, 1991and September 21, 1991, the Bethship-Sabine Yard illegally dischargedpollutants from its floating drydock facility without first havingobtained the necessary permit under the National Pollutant DischargeElimination System.

87((tie) Palm Beach Cruises
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $500,000
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(4), July 26, 1999

Palm Beach Cruises pled guilty and was sentenced on August 30,1994 to a fine of $500,000 for discharging waste oil from its bilges,causing a 2.5 mile oil slick off the coast of Florida. Palm Beach Cruisesalso had to establish and maintain an effective environmental complianceprogram.

87)(tie) Princess Cruises Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $500,000
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(4), July 26, 1999

Princess Cruises Inc. pled guilty and was sentenced on April 15,1993 to the maximum criminal fine of $500,000 for illegal dumping ofgarbage off the Florida Keys.

91)(tie) Cerestar Bioproducts BV
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $400,000
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 28(3), June 29, 1998

Cerestar Bioproducts BV, a Dutch subsidiary of the Frenchagricultural products giant Eridania Bghin-Say SA pled guilty and wasfined$400,000 for participating in an international conspiracy to fix pricesand allocate market shares in the sale of citric acid worldwide.

Citric acid is a flavor additive and preservative produced fromvarious sugars. It is found in soft drinks, processed foods, detergents,pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products. Citric acid is a $1.2 billion ayear industry worldwide.

Federal officials alleged that a Cerestar executive conspired withthe world's major producers of citric acid to suppress and eliminatecompetition in the citric acid industry from November 1992 until April1994.

91)(tie) Sun-Land Products of California
Type of Crime: Campaign finance
Criminal Fine: $400,000
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 33(1), August 17, 1998

Sun-Land Products of California, a worldwide supplier of driedfruits and nuts, and a subsidiary of Sun-Diamond Growers of California,pled guilty to charges that the company made conduit campaigncontributions in violation of federal election law.

Federal officials alleged that Sun-Land made conduit contributionsof $16,000 to the Bush-Quayle '92 Primary Committee Inc. and additionalconduit contributions of $21,000 to Campaign America in 1993.

93)(tie) American Cyanamid
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $250,000
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 46(5), December 3, 1990

American Cyanamid pled guilty to building an unauthorized powerplant at its Pearl River facility in Rockland County, New York.

The company was fined $250,000, the largest criminal penalty everassessed in New York for a violation of state air quality regulations.

The company entered a guilty plea to a one count misdemeanorcomplaint.

State officials said that American Cyanamid's Lederle Laboratoriesdivision admitted that it began construction on a $22.5 millioncogeneration facility in November 1988, knowing it did not have anecessary permit.

93)(tie) Korean Air Lines
Type of Crime: Campaign finance
Criminal Fine: $250,000
9 Corporate Crime Reporter 47(1), December 11, 1995

Korean Airlines Co., Ltd. pled guilty to two counts of violatingthe Federal Election Campaign Act by making a total of $5,000 in corporatecontributions and foreign national contributions to the 1992 Jay Kim forCongress Campaign Committee.

Under federal law, it is illegal for corporations and foreignnationals to contribute to candidates in federal elections. The companywas fined $250,000.

93)(tie) Regency Cruises Inc.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $250,000
12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(4), July 26, 1999

Regency Cruises, Inc., a cruise ship company, was ordered to pay a$250,000 criminal fine by the Federal District Court for the MiddleDistrict of Florida for deliberately dumping plastic garbage into the Gulfof Mexico in 1993.

Regency Cruises, owner of the Bahamian flag cruise ships RegentRainbow and Regent Sea based in Tampa, Florida, and which ply the watersof the Gulf, was charged with and pled guilty to violating the Act toPrevent Pollution from Ships.

96)(tie) Adolph Coors Company
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $200,000
4 Corporate Crime Reporter 43(3), November 12, 1990

Adolph Coors Company pled guilty to two criminal misdemeanorcounts of contaminating groundwater and failing to report thecontamination to regulatory authorities.

Colorado officials alleged that Coors violated water contaminationnotification standards and illegal discharged hazardous waste intogroundwater and into a creek near its Golden, Colorado facility from 1981to 1984.

96)(tie) Andrew and Williamson Sales Co.
Type of crime: Food and drug
Criminal fine: $200,000
11 Corporate Crime Reporter 44(4), November 17, 1997

A strawberry distributor and its president pled guilty to crimesin connection with the March 1997 hepatitis outbreak that contaminated 198school children and teachers in Michigan, Maine and Wisconsin.

Andrew and Williamson Sales Co. (A&W), and its president,Frederick Williamson, admitted their role in the fraudulent sale of 1.7million pounds of Mexican grown strawberries to the U.S. Department ofAgriculture's school lunch program.

As part of a parallel civil settlement, the company agreed to paythe government $1.3 million in civil damages.

The company was fined $200,000.

96)(tie) Daewoo International (America) Corporation
Type of Fine: Campaign finance
Criminal Fine: $200,000
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 13(3), April 1, 1996

Daewoo International (America) Corporation pled guilty toviolating the Federal Election Campaign Act. The company was charged withmaking $5,000 in illegal contributions to the 1992 Jay Kim for CongressCampaign Committee.

Under federal law it is illegal for corporations to contribute tocandidates in federal elections and it is illegal to make contributions inthe name of another.

96)(tie) Exxon Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $200,000
5 Corporate Crime Reporter 12(1), March 25, 1991

Exxon Corporation pled guilty to federal charges in connectionwith a spill last year of 567,000 gallons of home heating oil into ArthurKill, a narrow waterway which separates New York from New Jersey. Exxonentered the plea as part of a $15 million settlement with local, state andfederal governments.

Exxon was fined $200,000 the maximum allowed by law, but paid anadditional $4.8 million in restitution as part of a $15 million packageglobal settlement.

100) Samsung America Inc.
Type of Crime: Campaign finance
Criminal Fine: $150,000
10 Corporate Crime Reporter 6(5), February 12, 1996

Samsung America Inc. pled guilty to violating the Federal ElectionCampaign Act. The company made $10,000 in illegal contributions to the1992 Jay Kim for Congress Campaign Committee.

Under federal law, it is illegal for corporations to contribute tocandidates in federal elections.