超三国志刘毅传攻略:Death of bin Laden brings end to decade-long ...

Death of bin Laden brings end to decade-long American Nightmare! and terror?
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*US ensuring bin Laden's body is handled in accordance with Islamic tradition, official says.
*A U.S. official later said Mr. bin Laden had been buried at sea.
Where did the U.S. find Osama bin Laden?
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Mr. Obama gave few details of the raid but said that the suspected location of the al-Qaeda leader first emerged last August. Once it was confirmed, only days ago, that Mr. bin Laden was in a compound inside Pakistan, Mr. Obama ordered the Special Forces attack.
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President Barack Obama's announcement that Osama Bin Laden is dead late on Sunday night in an unexpected televised address prompted an outpouring of reaction from across the political spectrum and worldwide.
The Associated Press reports:
A small team of Americans killed bin Laden in a firefight at a compound in Pakistan, the president said in a dramatic late-night statement at the White House.
A jubilant crowd gathered outside the White House as word spread of bin Laden's death after a global manhunt that lasted nearly a decade.
"Justice has been done," the president said.
Below are reactions to the death of Osama Bin Laden from within the political community:
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George W. Bush
“Earlier this evening, President Obama called to inform me that American forces killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of the al Qaeda network that attacked America on September 11, 2001. I congratulated him and the men and women of our military and intelligence communities who devoted their lives to this mission. They have our everlasting gratitude. This momentous achievement marks a victory for America, for people who seek peace around the world, and for all those who lost loved ones on September 11, 2001. The fight against terror goes on, but tonight America has sent an unmistakable message: No matter how long it takes, justice will be done.”
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Michael Bloomberg
"After September 11, 2001, we gave our word as Americans that we would stop at nothing to capture or kill Osama bin Laden. After the contribution of millions, including so many who made the ultimate sacrifice for our nation, we have kept that word.
"The killing of Osama bin Laden does not lessen the suffering that New Yorkers and Americans experienced at his hands, but it is a critically important victory for our nation - and a tribute to the millions of men and women in our armed forces and elsewhere who have fought so hard for our nation.
"New Yorkers have waited nearly ten years for this news. It is my hope that it will bring some closure and comfort to all those who lost loved ones on September 11, 2001."
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Bill Clinton
"This is a profoundly important moment not just for the families of those who lost their lives on 9/11 and in al-Qaida's other attacks but for people all over the world who want to build a common future of peace, freedom, and cooperation for our children.
I congratulate the President, the National Security team and the members of our armed forces on bringing Osama bin Laden to justice after more than a decade of murderous al-Qaida attacks."
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*Twitter Reactions:
Beginning with Keith Urbahn, the chief of staff for former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, Twitter erupted with reactions on word of Osama bin Laden's death Sunday night.
Urbahn said he was told by a reputable source that bin Laden had died. The news was confirmed shortly thereafter by numerous news outlets and later President Barack Obama himself. Twitter says that more than 4,000 tweets per second were being sent at the beginning and end of Obama's speech.
*The US dollar rose against the euro and the yen when it emerged that Obama would announce the death of Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, nearly 10 years after the September 11 attacks.
The dollar rose against the euro, which fetched 1.4764 US dollars from 1.4864 in earlier trade. The dollar was at 81.66 yen from 81.19 earlier.
*British Prime Minister David Cameron says Osama bin Laden's death "will bring great relief" across the world
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*Impromptu Songs And Cheers At Ground Zero
A few-hundred-strong crowd has gathered along Church Street across the way from the lighted skeleton of 1 World Trade Center.
Most of them holding iPhones and cameras, and mostly young, they're breaking out impromptu into songs and cheers — "We Are the Champions," The Star Spangled Banner, USA, USA! Moments of intensity are punctuated by silence until the next chant starts afresh.
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CNN's Chris Lawrence, citing U.S. officials, reports that the compound where bin Laden was found - in Abbotabad, Pakistan, about 100 kilometers outside Pakistan's capital of Islamabad - was three stories tall, and about eight times larger than any of the buildings around it.
An official said a "small U.S. team" was involved in the operation at the compound - the official would not confirm any U.S. military involvement. An official said bin Laden resisted the assault - and was killed in the firefight.
Three other men were killed in the firefight, and a woman being used as a human shield was also killed, the officials said. There were no U.S. casualties, the officials said. The U.S. team was at the compound for about 40 minutes, officials said.
A U.S. helicopter crashed during the raid because of mechanical reasons, an official said. It was destroyed, the officials said.
* U.S. State Department warns of greater risk of anti-American violence following Osama bin Laden death
*U.S. Navy Seals Were Reportedly Involved
*CNN reports that U.S. Navy Seals were involved in mission that killed Osama bin Laden, a senior defense official said.
*US Official Believes Osama Bin Laden's Adult Son Killed During Raid
*U.S. official says believes Osama bin Laden's adult son, two other adults killed during raid on his compound
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Full Text From President Obama's Speech----
Full text from President Obama's speech on Sunday night, provided by the White House Office of the Press Secretary:
Good evening. Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al Qaeda, and a terrorist who’s responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent men, women, and children.
It was nearly 10 years ago that a bright September day was darkened by the worst attack on the American people in our history. The images of 9/11 are seared into our national memory -- hijacked planes cutting through a cloudless September sky; the Twin Towers collapsing to the ground; black smoke billowing up from the Pentagon; the wreckage of Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where the actions of heroic citizens saved even more heartbreak and destruction.
And yet we know that the worst images are those that were unseen to the world. The empty seat at the dinner table. Children who were forced to grow up without their mother or their father. Parents who would never know the feeling of their child’s embrace. Nearly 3,000 citizens taken from us, leaving a gaping hole in our hearts.
On September 11, 2001, in our time of grief, the American people came together. We offered our neighbors a hand, and we offered the wounded our blood. We reaffirmed our ties to each other, and our love of community and country. On that day, no matter where we came from, what God we prayed to, or what race or ethnicity we were, we were united as one American family.
We were also united in our resolve to protect our nation and to bring those who committed this vicious attack to justice. We quickly learned that the 9/11 attacks were carried out by al Qaeda -- an organization headed by Osama bin Laden, which had openly declared war on the United States and was committed to killing innocents in our country and around the globe. And so we went to war against al Qaeda to protect our citizens, our friends, and our allies.
Over the last 10 years, thanks to the tireless and heroic work of our military and our counterterrorism professionals, we’ve made great strides in that effort.
We’ve disrupted terrorist attacks and strengthened our homeland defense. In Afghanistan, we removed the Taliban government, which had given bin Laden and al Qaeda safe haven and support. And around the globe, we worked with our friends and allies to capture or kill scores of al Qaeda terrorists, including several who were a part of the 9/11 plot.
Yet Osama bin Laden avoided capture and escaped across the Afghan border into Pakistan. Meanwhile, al Qaeda continued to operate from along that border and operate through its affiliates across the world.
And so shortly after taking office, I directed Leon Panetta, the director of the CIA, to make the killing or capture of bin Laden the top priority of our war against al Qaeda, even as we continued our broader efforts to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat his network.
Then, last August, after years of painstaking work by our intelligence community, I was briefed on a possible lead to bin Laden. It was far from certain, and it took many months to run this thread to ground. I met repeatedly with my national security team as we developed more information about the possibility that we had located bin Laden hiding within a compound deep inside of Pakistan. And finally, last week, I determined that we had enough intelligence to take action, and authorized an operation to get Osama bin Laden and bring him to justice.
Today, at my direction, the United States launched a targeted operation against that compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. A small team of Americans carried out the operation with extraordinary courage and capability. No Americans were harmed. They took care to avoid civilian casualties. After a firefight, they killed Osama bin Laden and took custody of his body.
For over two decades, bin Laden has been al Qaeda’s leader and symbol, and has continued to plot attacks against our country and our friends and allies.
The death of bin Laden marks the most significant achievement to date in our nation’s effort to defeat al Qaeda.
Yet his death does not mark the end of our effort. There’s no doubt that al Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against us. We must –- and we will -- remain vigilant at home and abroad.
As we do, we must also reaffirm that the United States is not –- and never will be -– at war with Islam. I’ve made clear, just as President Bush did shortly after 9/11, that our war is not against Islam. Bin Laden was not a Muslim leader; he was a mass murderer of Muslims. Indeed, al Qaeda has slaughtered scores of Muslims in many countries, including our own. So his demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity.
Over the years, I’ve repeatedly made clear that we would take action within Pakistan if we knew where bin Laden was. That is what we’ve done. But it’s important to note that our counterterrorism cooperation with Pakistan helped lead us to bin Laden and the compound where he was hiding. Indeed, bin Laden had declared war against Pakistan as well, and ordered attacks against the Pakistani people.
Tonight, I called President Zardari, and my team has also spoken with their Pakistani counterparts. They agree that this is a good and historic day for both of our nations. And going forward, it is essential that Pakistan continue to join us in the fight against al Qaeda and its affiliates.
The American people did not choose this fight. It came to our shores, and started with the senseless slaughter of our citizens. After nearly 10 years of service, struggle, and sacrifice, we know well the costs of war. These efforts weigh on me every time I, as Commander-in-Chief, have to sign a letter to a family that has lost a loved one, or look into the eyes of a service member who’s been gravely wounded.
So Americans understand the costs of war. Yet as a country, we will never tolerate our security being threatened, nor stand idly by when our people have been killed. We will be relentless in defense of our citizens and our friends and allies. We will be true to the values that make us who we are. And on nights like this one, we can say to those families who have lost loved ones to al Qaeda’s terror: Justice has been done.
Tonight, we give thanks to the countless intelligence and counterterrorism professionals who’ve worked tirelessly to achieve this outcome. The American people do not see their work, nor know their names. But tonight, they feel the satisfaction of their work and the result of their pursuit of justice.
We give thanks for the men who carried out this operation, for they exemplify the professionalism, patriotism, and unparalleled courage of those who serve our country. And they are part of a generation that has borne the heaviest share of the burden since that September day.
Finally, let me say to the families who lost loved ones on 9/11 that we have never forgotten your loss, nor wavered in our commitment to see that we do whatever it takes to prevent another attack on our shores.
And tonight, let us think back to the sense of unity that prevailed on 9/11. I know that it has, at times, frayed. Yet today’s achievement is a testament to the greatness of our country and the determination of the American people.
The cause of securing our country is not complete. But tonight, we are once again reminded that America can do whatever we set our mind to. That is the story of our history, whether it’s the pursuit of prosperity for our people, or the struggle for equality for all our citizens; our commitment to stand up for our values abroad, and our sacrifices to make the world a safer place.
Let us remember that we can do these things not just because of wealth or power, but because of who we are: one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
Thank you. May God bless you. And may God bless the United States of America.
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Osama bin Laden: From a life of privilege to a hunted fugitive
Born to privilege in Saudi Arabia, schooled in the science of building bridges and roads, Osama bin Muhammad bin Laden will be remembered in death for what he destroyed.
By orchestrating the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks that brought down the World Trade Center towers and blackened the Pentagon, killing thousands of innocent civilians, bin Laden joined the ranks of the world’s most notorious fiends.
While those such as Adolf Hitler, Pol Pot and Josef Stalin all had state machinery at their murderous bidding, bin Laden relied on a spidery network of terrorist cells to carry out his self-declared war on the United States and Israel.
A misguided zealot to most, he will, however, remain a cult figure in poor and radicalized parts of the Muslim world, where he was viewed as the best defence against American hegemony and the corrupt influence of the West.
“Perhaps the most important and lasting legacy of bin Laden is his impact on Muslim youth all over the world, for whom he is a source of inspiration,” said Yossef Bodansky, one of his biographers.
For nearly 10 years, bin Laden was the baleful face of international terrorism and the world’s most-wanted criminal suspect. That infamy was the byproduct of his stunning success as a terrorist organizer — as someone who could unite traditionally quarrelsome factions, then finance and facilitate their radical designs.
Operatives from his Muslim terrorist network, al-Qaeda, struck repeatedly at American interests. They were tied to attacks against U.S. military personnel in Somalia and Saudi Arabia, but their most audacious operations came after bin Laden declared war on the U.S.
On Aug. 7, 1998, trucks filled with explosives, batteries, oxygen and acetylene tanks exploded outside U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The attacks killed 224 civilians, including 11 Americans, and wounded more than 5,000 others. (Four men with links to al-Qaeda were convicted in New York City for their roles in the bombings.)
Then, on Oct. 12, 2000, a zodiac piloted by two suicide bombers, and filled with C-4 explosive, rammed the side of the USS Cole at anchor in Yemen. The resulting explosion killed 17 crew members.
That attack was followed less than a year later by the Sept. 11 plot that turned four hijacked planes into guided missiles, three of which struck their targets.
“The terrorism we practice is of the commendable kind,” bin Laden once said in a videotaped message that was circulated throughout the Muslim world. “It is directed at tyrants and the aggressors and the enemy of Allah.”
Bin Laden publicly declared a jihad against the U.S. in October 1996. Emboldened by the defeat of the Soviet Union at the hands of the mujahideen and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet empire, he was convinced the U.S. was equally vulnerable.
“There is a lesson here,” he told an ABC news crew in 1998. “The Soviet Union entered Afghanistan late in December of 1979. The flag of the Soviet Union was folded once and for all on the 25th of December, just 10 years later. It was thrown in the wastebasket.”
Bin Laden believed he could similarly force the U.S. to withdraw from the Middle East under the onslaught of his suicidal terrorists. But the events of Sept. 11 had the opposite effect, unleashing America’s full military might against bin Laden, his political host, the Taliban, and their allies.
Osama bin Laden was killed Sunday, May 1, 2011.
The man who would become the most notorious terrorist in history was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1955, according to the best available sources. He was the youngest of 20 sons born to Muhammad bin Laden.
Muhammad bin Laden was a Yemeni-born builder and contractor who had emigrated to Saudi Arabia in search of his fortune. And in the early 1970s, he found it. The oil boom launched a flurry of development across Saudi Arabia and Muhammad bin Laden grew supremely wealthy building roads, mosques and airports.
Osama bin Laden studied economics and management and later earned a civil engineering degree. And as a young man, he often visited Beirut, earning a reputation as a drinker and womanizer in its nightclubs, casinos and bars.
But during the mid-’70s, Bin Laden grew increasingly interested in Wahhabism, the puritanical form of Islam dominant in Saudi Arabia. Some biographers trace his interest in religion to the fact that the Bin Laden Construction Group was handed the contract to refurbish two holy mosques in Mecca and Medina.
Then, in 1979, the entire Muslim world was galvanized by three events: Egypt and Israel signed a peace accord; Muslim fundamentalists overthrew the Shah in Iran; and the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. The events unleashed a volatile mix of Arab nationalism and religious fervour in the Muslim world.
Bin Laden, like many of his countrymen, was enraged by the Soviet incursion into a sovereign Muslim state, and he responded quickly to a plea for help by the Afghan mujahedeen.
He later told an interviewer the war against the Soviets was a turning point in his life, that he was moved by seeing a medieval society besieged by a superpower.
“In our religion,” he said, “there is a special place in the thereafter for those who participate in jihad. One day in Afghanistan was like 1,000 days of praying in an ordinary mosque.”
In northern Pakistan, bin Laden organized a recruitment drive and personally covered the travel costs of many volunteers. In early 1980, he also established camps on the wild Afghan-Pakistani border to train recruits. (The training camps would prove to be both an important template and a rich source of personnel during bin Laden’s later career as an international terrorist.)
During the Afghan war, bin Laden earned a reputation as an accomplished organizer, a soft-spoken benefactor and a fearless battlefield leader. He won wide acclaim for his work in liberating Afghanistan from Soviet domination.
“In 1989, Osama bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia a hero,” Bodansky writes in his biography, Bin Laden, The Man Who Declared War on America. “He was a wiser man, hardened by experience. His political and social views, however, were more radical. ... (But) the Saudi government considered him a positive role model, proof of its contribution to the immensely popular Afghan jihad.”
Suddenly a celebrity, Mr. bin Laden made speeches at mosques across the country. He described the Afghan jihad as one of Islam’s greatest triumphs, proof that the Muslim Nation could not be defeated when it was committed “to the righteous practice of Islam.”
Indeed, bin Laden might have been content to live his life as rich and celebrated war hero in Saudi Arabia, but for the fact that, in August 1990, Saddam Hussein’s Iraqi forces invaded neighbouring Kuwait.
The Saudi response to that invasion would pit bin Laden against the kingdom’s powerful royal family — and set him on the destructive path that ended with his death.
According to Bodansky’s account of events, bin Laden approached the Saudi government soon after the Kuwaiti invasion with a 10-point plan to defend Saudi Arabia against a possible incursion by the Iraqis. He offered his company’s heavy equipment to build defensive stations and volunteered to bolster the Saudi army with battle-tested veterans of the Afghan War.
Bin Laden argued that the Iraqis were not as tough a foe as the Soviet Union, that they could be defeated without inviting foreign troops into Saudi Arabia, home to the Muslim word’s holiest sites in Mecca and Medina.
“Bin Laden warned ... that such an invitation would contradict the teachings of Islam,” Bodansky writes, “and would have a profound impact on the sensitivities of most Saudis — and Muslims as a whole.”
But bin Laden’s warnings were ignored by King Fahd, who was deeply concerned that Saddam Hussein had designs on Saudi oilfields. King Fahd invited the forces of a U.S.-led coalition into Saudi Arabia in early 1991. The U.S. maintained its military presence there until 2003.
Bin Laden condemned the presence of U.S. troops on Saudi soil as a “sacrilegious act” and urged all Arabs to boycott U.S. goods. The Saudi government pressured him and his family in an attempt to silence the criticism, but bin Laden wouldn’t relent.
He was forced into exile in late 1991 and sought refuge in Sudan, a country ruled by an Islamist totalitarian government. There, over the next few years, bin Laden’s political philosophy took its radical shape.
That philosophy grew out of the trauma of the Gulf War of 1990-91, which had destroyed the unity of the Muslim world and had left Arab states allied with the West against another Arab state, Iraq. More radical Islamist thinkers argued that the Gulf War demonstrated that corrupt regimes, such as those in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, survived only because of the West’s commitment to saving its own political puppets.
“The only viable strategy for the vanguard of believers,” says Bodansky, “was to take on the West, and especially the United States, in order to assert their divine right to establish Islamist societies and governments throughout the Hub of Islam.”
In the early 1990s, bin Laden enthusiastically embraced this new doctrine and assisted, primarily as a financier, in the construction of an alliance of terrorist groups and organizations operating throughout the Muslim world. The Armed Islamic Movement (AIM) would give rise to al-Qaeda.
Meanwhile, bin Laden also established a major construction company in Sudan that built roads, airports and dams on government contract. His companies also laundered and moved money for the fledgling terrorist network while building a series of terrorist training camps in remote parts of the country.
His evolution as a terrorist was further shaped by Somalia, another Muslim nation about to play host to Western soldiers.
When U.S. forces landed in the East African country in December 1992, as part of a UN-led humanitarian mission, the Armed Islamic Movement sent operatives into Mogadishu to recruit and train Muslim fighters. Bin Laden played a key role organizing that effort.
U.S. and Pakistan suffered heavy casualties in the resulting ambushes of their forces. In one day alone, in October 1993, 18 U.S. servicemen were killed. Shocked by the ferocity of the opposition, the U.S. withdrew most of its troops by March 1994.
“This convinced us that the Americans are a paper tiger,” bin Laden told Robert Fisk of The Independent newspaper in a later interview.
Bin Laden’s profile as a terrorist quickly began to grow after Somalia. He moved up into the senior ranks of the organization and his name became known to senior U.S. security officials.
By May 1996, Saudi Arabia and the U.S. were pressuring Sudan to expel him. Bin Laden was allowed to leave for Afghanistan, where he made contact with mujahedeen forces he had helped during the Afghan War.
“It was like sending Lenin back to Russia,” a U.S. diplomat told The New Yorker in January 2000. “At least in the Sudan, we could indirectly monitor some of his activities.”
When the Taliban successfully assumed control of the capital, Kabul, in September 1996, bin Laden was declared a national hero. He later acted as the Taliban’s de facto finance minister and gave one of his daughters in marriage to the Mullah Mohammed Omar, the Taliban’s spiritual leader.
Later that same year, bin Laden issued his first official declaration of jihad against the U.S. and Israel. He vowed to force U.S. soldiers out of Saudi Arabia, overthrow the Saudi government and support Islamist forces the world over.
“It is the duty now on every tribe in the Arabian peninsula to fight jihad and cleanse the land from these Crusader occupiers,” he wrote. Later that year, he announced that “terrorizing the American occupiers of Islamic Holy Places is a religious and logical obligation.”
Bin Laden affected the dress of an Afghan tribal leader, wearing the flowing shalwar kameez, and was usually photographed with an AK-47 at his side. He styled himself as a modern-day Saladin, the fabled Muslim leader who liberated Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187.
“I envision Saladin coming out of the clouds,” he said in videotape released in 2001. “We will see again Saladin carrying his sword, with the blood of unbelievers dripping from it.”
Today, the bloody, decades-long Crusade of Osama bin Muhammad bin Laden has finally come to an end.
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