九乡新闻网诛仙千媚莲附件:English around the world
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/04/30 18:30:30
学习目标
本单元以“world Englishes”为中心话题，通过本单元的学习，加强学生对英语语言发展趋势的了解; 认识各种各样具有民族、地域特色的英语以及它们出现的原因和不同之处; 让学生学会在遇到语言交际困难时如何表达自己的想法；能够区分转述命令或请求语气的祈使句；掌握本单元的重要单词和短语。
1. 单词
elevator, petrol, gas, official, voyage, native, apartment, actually, base, gradual, gradually, Danish, vocabulary, spelling, latter, identity, fluent, fluently, Singapore, Malaysia, frequent, frequently, usage, command, request, expression, midwestern, African, Spanish, eastern, southeastern, northwestern, recognize, lorry, accent, lightning, straight, block, cab
2. 短语
in some way, because of, base on, come up, at present, make use of, a large number of, such as, believe it or not, play a part (in)
3. 功能句式
语言交际困难 (Difficulties in language communication)
Pardon?I beg your pardon?I don’t understand.
Could you say that again, please? Sorry, I can’t follow you.
Could you repeat that, please?
Can you speak more slowly, please?
How do you spell it, please?
4. 语法
直接引语和间接引语 (Ⅱ)：祈使句。
学习方略
【方略点悟】
本单元的主要语法项目是祈使句及其间接引语。
1. 祈使句是一种表示命令或请求的句式，分为肯定和否定两种形式。例如：
Please open the door.
No smoking/parking/entry/litter.
Don’t do that again.
Don’t swim in the river.
2. 直接引语变间接引语
直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时常用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。当直接引语为命令的祈使句，变为间接引语时常用动词order, tell, warn 等；当直接引语为请求的祈使句，变为间接引语时常用动词ask, beg 等; 当直接引语为建议、劝告的祈使句，变为间接引语时常用动词advise等。例如：
He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”
→ He asked me to go there again the next day.
He said, “Don’t do that again.”
→ He told me not to do that again.
He said, “Get everything ready in two hours.”
→ He ordered us to get everything ready in two hours.
“You’d better have a try again,” the teacher said.
→ The teacher advised me to have a try again.
【导学点拨】
1. In some important ways they are very different from one another.
in some way(s)在某（些）方面；在某种程度（意义）上
in a way在某种程度上，就某个意义来说
in the way挡道;碍事；妨碍
by way of经由……
in no way决不；一点也不
e. g. He is, in some ways, a better businessman than you are.
He is not a bad fellow in some ways.
In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don’t share your point of view.
I can’t get through the door because there is a big box in the way.
We came by way of
We can in no way allow this to continue.
2. ... because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
because of 意为“因为；由于”，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。
because 意为“因为”，是连词，后面必须跟从句。
e.g. He didn’t come because of the illness.
He didn’t come because he was ill.
The sports meeting was postponed because of the bad weather.
The sports meeting was postponed because the weather was bad.
3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
more ... than ever before 比以往任何时候更……
e.g. Our country develops faster than ever before.
Kate looks much prettier than ever before.
4. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
even if / though意为“即使；纵然”，是连接词，引导一个让步状语从句。
e.g. I’ll help you, even if I don’t sleep for a night.
Even if he knows the secret, he won’t let it out.
5. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
(1) be based on/upon ...以……为基础
e.g. This song is based on an old folk tune.
This book is based on a true story.
(2)present 意为“现在的；到场的”，常用短语是at present，意为“现在；目前”。
e.g. At present, we are living in
She is all right at present.
6. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
make use of 利用;使用
e.g. He makes good use of any opportunity to practice English.
You can make any use of it as you like.
She began to consider what use could be made of it.
7. For example,
(1)辨析：for example和such as
for example作为独立语插入句中，可用在所举例子（通常是一个）的前面或后面。
e.g. A lot of people here, for example,John,would rather have coffee.
Many great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison,for example.
such as用来列举一类事物，as之后不用逗号隔开。
e.g. They export a lot of fruit, such as oranges, lemons,etc.
(2)a number of 和 numbers of 意为“许多；大量”，后接复数名词，此短语加复数名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
e.g. There were a large number of people here.
We have lived here quite a number of years.
A number of people were absent from the meeting.
Numbers of people came to the meeting from all over the country.
对比： the number of ...意为“……的数目”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
e.g. The number of students has increased over the years.
8. request n.& v. 要求；请求
e.g. Your request will be granted.
He requested his guests to sit down.
request ... from / of ... 向某人要求……
e.g. He requested a loan (贷款) from the bank.
辨析：request,require和demand
request意为 “请求”，主要用于比较客气、礼貌的场合。
require意为 “要求”，强调“客观上的必要或必须” 。
demand意为 “强烈要求”，含有“要求对方服从”的意思，口气强硬。
e.g. Passengers are requested not to smoke.
You’re required by law to send your children to school.
The workers are demanding more money.
注意：request，demand和command 后接从句时需用虚拟语气。
request/demand/command + that 从句 (用should + 动词原形)，should可省略。
e.g. I request that he (should) leave.
9. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
believe it or not 是固定用法，意为“信不信由你”。
e.g. Believe it or not, Vincent told a lie.
Believe it or not, his father is very strict with him.
10. Geography also plays a part in making dialects.
play a part in 在……中起作用;在……扮演角色
e.g. Science plays a part in developing production.
Water and air play a very important part in our life.
Who will play the part of Hamlet in the play?
模块检测
Ⅰ. 词汇
根据句意和所给词首字母或汉语提示写出所缺的单词。
1. Mr. Smith lives in the （公寓）above us.
2. He speaks with a strong southern a.
3. He had lost his i card and was being questioned by the police.
4. Visitors are (请求)not to touch the paintings.
5. Reading is one of the best ways of widening your (词汇).
6. I r Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.
7. (实际上)I’ve known Susan for ages since we were little children.
8. It is not easy for a Chinese to speak English as well as a n English speaker.
Ⅱ. 同步语法
将下列句子变为间接引语。
1. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.
2. “Please come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her.
3. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said.
4. “Don’t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher.
5. “Happy New Year to you!” he said.
Ⅲ. 单元要点
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（ ）1. English was more on German present day English.
A. based； thanB. based； atC. basing； thanD. basing； at
（ ）2. It’s so nice to hear from her. , we last met more than 30 years ago.
A. What’s more B. That is to say
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
（ ）3. Languages, French, Italian and Spanish, come from Latin.
A. for an exampleB. take as an example C. such thatD. such as
（ ）4. He is very good at English, and now he is planning to learn second foreign language.
A. the B. a C. / D. more
（ ）5. Mary worked harder last year. , she still didn’t get high grades.
A. As a resultB. After allC. By the way D. However
（ ）6. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for
different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; were
（ ）7. He lost his first place in the exam his carelessness.
A. asB. because C. as a result of D. instead of
（ ）8. What an important part the Internet in our life! One can hardly imagine life would be like without it.
A. has； how B. is； howeverC. uses； whatD. plays； what
（ ）9. The policeman warned the driver so carelessly.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. to not driveD. doesn’t drive
（ ）10. The office ordered his soldiers .
A. to stand still B. to not stand still
C. not stand stillD. stand still
（ ）11. Vegetables lots of vitamin.
A. contains B. include C. contain D. includes
（ ）12. This is his only request that the room after being used．
A. be cleanedB． would be cleaned
C. is cleanedD． will be cleaned
（ ）13. The manager of the company told us that very little was made of the waste material in the past．
A． cost B． value C． useD． matter
（ ）14. — I have got a nice computer.
— ?
— I mean that I have bought a new computer.
A. Speak louder, will youB. I beg your pardon
C. What’s that D. Will you repeat it
（ ）15. — Oh, it’s you! I you.
— I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. don’t recognize B. hadn’t recognize
C. haven’t recognize D. didn’t recognize
（ ）16 . Excuse me， I didn’t follow you just now. .
A. I beg your pardonB. Please talk slowly
C. It doesn’t matterD. That’s right
（ ）17. The old man couldn’t hear clearly. I had to the word again and again.
A. repeat B. sayC. talk D. speak
（ ）18. I don’t need the book . You can use it now.
A. at a time B. at that time
C. at present D. for one time
（ ）19. The teacher asked us so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
（ ）20. She told us story that we all forgot about the time.
A. so an interesting B. such an interesting
C. a so interestingD. a such interesting
Ⅳ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Most people in our country speak English. In some lands, people speak 1 languages. There are over 2,000 languages 2 throughout the world.
You probably know that every language has 3 own words, or vocabulary. 4 you want to learn a foreign language, you must learn its 5 . 6 , our word “cat” is chat (聊天) in French and Kate in German.
You must learn what the words 7 , and you must say them 8 the right way. Words are 9 sounds and different languages have 10 sounds. There are 11 of language sounds. When you speak English, you are using only about fifty of them.
Have you 12 heard a foreign language spoken 13 television? Did it 14 as if it was spoken very fast? Maybe it was. Some languages are spoken faster than 15 . English is spoken 16 than French. French people speak about 350 syllables (音节) per minute. 17 for English, we speak 220. 18 people on some islands speak only fifty syllables per minute.
Women speak 19 than men. In
（ ）1. A. theB. the otherC. otherD. another
（ ）2. A. speaking B. to speak C. spoken D. spoke
（ ）3. A. its B. his C. their D. it’s
（ ）4. A. But B. Unless C. Until D. If
（ ）5. A. phrases B. idioms C. dictionary D. vocabulary
（ ）6. A. Such as B. For example C. However D. But
（ ）7. A. are spoken B. are said C. mean D. use
（ ）8. A. in B. by C. on D. all
（ ）9. A. made up B. made up of C. made from D. made up for
（ ）10. A. the same B. colorful C. different D. nice
（ ）11. A. hundreds B. thousands C. tens D. millions
（ ）12. A. not B. been C. still D. ever
（ ）13. A. in B. by C. to D. on
（ ）14. A. looked B. hear C. seem D. appear
（ ）15. A. other B. the other C. others D. any
（ ）16. A. more slowly B. better C. faster D. much faster
（ ）17. A. while B. As C. Using D. Because of
（ ）18. A. When B. But C. Since D. As
（ ）19. A. faster B. more slowly C. better D. worse
（ ）20. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How fast