证件照回执网上打印:朱子治家格言

来源:百度文库 编辑:九乡新闻网 时间:2024/04/30 11:49:58
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   黎明即起,洒扫庭除,要内外整洁。既昏便息,关锁门户,必亲自检点。一粥一饭,当思来处不易。半丝半缕,恒念物力维艰。宜未雨而绸缪,毋临渴而掘井。自奉必须俭约,宴客切勿留连。器具质而洁,瓦缶胜金玉。饮食约而精,园蔬胜珍馐。勿营华屋,勿谋良田。  三姑六婆,实淫盗之媒。婢美妾娇,非闺房之福。奴仆勿用俊美,妻妾切忌艳妆。祖宗虽远,祭祀不可不诚。子孙虽愚,经书不可不读。居身务期质朴,教子要有义方。勿贪意外之财,勿饮过量之酒。   与肩挑贸易,勿占便宜。见贫苦亲邻,须多温恤。刻薄成家,理无久享。伦常乖舛,立见消亡。兄弟叔侄,须多分润寡。长幼内外,宜法属辞严。听妇言,乖骨肉,岂是丈夫。重资财,薄父母,不成人子。嫁女择佳婿,毋索重聘。娶媳求淑女,毋计厚奁。   见富贵而生谗容者,最可耻。遇贫穷而作骄态者,贱莫甚。居家戒争讼,讼则终凶。处世戒多言,言多必失。毋恃势力而凌逼孤寡,勿贪口腹而恣杀生禽。乖僻自是,悔误必多。颓惰自甘,家道难成。狎昵恶少,久必受其累。屈志老成,急则可相依。轻听发言,安知非人之谮诉,当忍耐三思。因事相争,安知非我之不是,须平心遭暗想。   施惠勿念,受恩莫忘。凡事当留余地,得意不宜再往。人有喜庆,不可生妒忌心。人有祸患,不可生喜幸心。善欲人见,不是真善。恶恐人知,便是大恶。见色而起淫心,报在妻女。匿怨而用暗箭,祸延子孙。   家门和顺,虽饔飧不继,亦有余欢。国课早完,即囊橐无余,自得至乐。读书志在圣贤,为官心存君国。守分安命,顺时听天。为人若此,庶乎近焉。  作者:
  朱柏庐(1617-1688),名用纯,字致一,自号柏庐。明末清初昆山人,清初居乡教授学生,以程、朱为本治学,提倡知行并进。他的《治家格言》世称《朱子家训》,被中国传统教育视为启蒙读本,影响深远。目前还有拓本传世,更有不少人能够琅琅上口。
   朱伯庐还有一首《劝孝歌》,写尽了母亲养育儿女的辛苦,告诫人们不要忘记母亲的养育之恩。这首《劝孝歌》,层次清晰,通俗易懂,感人至深,广泛地流传于江浙一带    解释:
  (原文):黎明即起,洒扫庭除,要内外整洁;既昏便息,关锁门户,必亲自检点。
 (注释):庭除:庭院。这里有庭堂内外之意。
(译文):每天早晨黎明就要起床,先用水来洒湿庭堂内外的地面然后扫地,使庭堂内外整洁;到了黄昏便要休息并亲自查看一下要关锁的门户。
 (原文):一粥一饭,当思来处不易;半丝半缕,恒念物力维艰。
 (译文):对于一顿粥或一顿饭,我们应当想着来之不易;对于衣服的半根丝或半条线,我们也要常念着这些物资的产生是很艰难的。
 (原文):宜未雨而绸缪,勿临渴而掘井。
 (注释):未雨而绸缪(chóu móu):天还未下雨,应先修补好屋舍门窗,喻凡事要预先作好准备。
 (译文):凡事先要准备,像没到下雨的时候,要先把房子修补完善,不要「临时抱佛脚」,像到了口渴的时候,才来掘井。
(原文):自奉必须俭约,宴客切勿流连。
(译文):自己生活上必须节约,聚会在一起吃饭切勿留连忘返。
(原文):器具质而洁,瓦缶胜金玉;饮食约而精,园蔬愈珍馐。
(注释):瓦缶(fǒu):瓦制的器具。 珍馐(xiū):珍奇精美的食品。
(译文):餐具质朴而干净,虽是用泥土做的瓦器,也比金玉制的好;食品节约而精美,虽是园里种的蔬菜,也胜于山珍海味。
(原文):勿营华屋,勿谋良田。
(译文):不要营造华丽的房屋,不要图买良好的田园。
(原文):三姑六婆,实淫盗之媒;婢美妾娇,非闺房之福。
(译文):社会上不正派的女人,都是*淫和盗窃的媒介;美丽的婢女和娇艳的姬妾,不是家庭的幸福。
(原文):童仆勿用俊美,妻妾切忌艳装。
(译文):家僮、奴仆,不可雇用英俊美貌的,妻、妾切不可有艳丽的妆饰。
(原文):祖宗虽远,祭祀不可不诚;子孙虽愚,经书不可不读。
(译文):祖宗虽然离我们年代久远了,祭祀却要虔诚;子孙虽然愚笨,五经、四书,却要诵读。
(原文):居身务期俭朴,教子要有义方。
(注释):义方:做人的正道。
(译文):自己生活节俭,以做人的正道来教育子孙。
(原文):勿贪意外之财,勿饮过量之酒。
(译文):不要贪不属于你的财,不要喝过量的酒。
(原文):与肩挑贸易,毋占便宜;见贫苦亲邻,须加温恤。
(译文):和做小生意的挑贩们交易,不要占他们的便宜,看到穷苦的亲戚或邻居,要关心他们,并且要对他们有金钱或其它的援助。
(原文):刻薄成家,理无久享;伦常乖舛,立见消亡。
(注释): 乖舛(chuǎn):违背。
(白文):对人刻薄而发家的,决没有长久享受的道理。行事违背伦常的人,很快就会消灭。
(原文):兄弟叔侄,需分多润寡;长幼内外,宜法肃辞严。
(译文):兄弟叔侄之间要互相帮助,富有的要资助贫穷的;一个家庭要有严正的规矩,长辈对晚辈言辞应庄重。
(原文):听妇言,乖骨肉,岂是丈夫?重资财,薄父母,不成人子。
(译文):听信妇人挑拨,而伤了骨肉之情,那里配做一个大丈夫呢?看重钱财,而薄待父母,不是作儿子的道理。
(原文):嫁女择佳婿,毋索重聘;娶媳求淑女,勿计厚奁。
(注释): 厚奁(lián):丰厚的嫁妆。
(译文):嫁女儿,要为她选择贤良的夫婿,不要索取贵重的聘礼;娶媳妇,须求贤淑的女子,不要贪图丰厚的嫁妆。
(原文):见富贵而生谄容者最可耻,遇贫穷而作骄态者*莫甚。
(译文):看到富贵的人,便做出巴结讨好的样子,是最可耻的,遇着贫穷的人,便作出骄傲的态度,是鄙*不过的。
(原文):居家戒争讼,讼则终凶;处世戒多言,言多必失。
(译文):居家过日子,禁止争斗诉讼,一旦争斗诉讼,无论胜败,结果都不吉祥。处世不可多说话,言多必失。
(评说): 争斗诉讼,总要伤财耗时,甚至破家荡产,即使赢了,也得不偿失。有了矛盾应尽量采取调解或和解的方法。
(原文):勿恃势力而凌逼孤寡,毋贪口腹而恣杀生禽。
(译文):不可用势力来欺凌压迫孤儿寡妇,不要贪口腹之欲而任意地宰杀牛羊鸡鸭等动物。
(原文):乖僻自是,悔误必多;颓惰自甘,家道难成。
(译文):性格古怪,自以为是的人,必会因常常做错事而懊悔;颓废懒惰,沉溺不悟,是难成家立业的。
(原文):狎昵恶少,久必受其累;屈志老成,急则可相依。
(注释): 狎昵(xiá nì):过分亲近。
(译文):亲近不良的少年,日子久了,必然会受牵累;恭敬自谦,虚心地与那些阅历多而善于处事的人交往,遇到急难的时候,就可以受到他的指导或帮助。
(原文):轻听发言,安知非人之谮诉?当忍耐三思;因事相争,焉知非我之不是?需平心暗想。
(注释): 谮(zèn)诉:诬蔑人的坏话。
(译文):他人来说长道短,不可轻信,要再三思考。因为怎知道他不是来说人坏话呢?因事相争,要冷静反省自己,因为怎知道不是我的过错?
(原文):施惠无念,受恩莫忘。
(译文):对人施了恩惠,不要记在心里,受了他人的恩惠,一定要常记在心。
(评说):常记他人之恩,以感恩之心看待周围的人及所处的环境,则人间即是天堂。以忘恩负义之心看待周围的人事,则人间即是地狱。
(原文):凡事当留馀地,得意不宜再往。
(译文):无论做什么事,当留有余地;得意以后,就要知足,不应该再进一步。
(原文):人有喜庆,不可生妒忌心;人有祸患,不可生欣幸心。
(译文):他人有了喜庆的事情,不可有妒忌之心;他人有了祸患,不可有幸灾乐祸之心。
(原文):善欲人见,不是真善;恶恐人知,便是大恶。
(译文):做了好事,而想他人看见,就不是真正的善人。做了坏事,而怕他人知道,就是真的恶人。
(原文):见色而起淫心,报在妻女;匿怨而用暗箭,祸延子孙
(注释): 匿(nì)怨:对人怀恨在心,而面上不表现出来。
(译文):看到美貌的女性而起邪心的,将来报应,会在自己的妻子儿女身上;怀怨在心而暗中伤害人的,将会替自己的子孙留下祸根。
(原文):家门和顺,虽饔飧不继,亦有馀欢;国课早完,即囊橐无馀,自得至乐。
(注释): 饔(yōng)飧(sūn):饔,早饭。飧,晚饭。 国课:国家的赋税。 囊(náng)橐(tuó):口袋。
(译文):家里和气平安,虽缺衣少食,也觉得快乐;尽快缴完赋税,即使口袋所剩无余也自得其乐。
(原文):读书志在圣贤,非徒科第;为官心存君国,岂计身家?
(译文):读圣贤书,目的在学圣贤的行为,不只为了科举及第;做一个官吏,要有忠君爱国的思想,怎么可以考虑自己和家人的享受?
(原文):安分守命,顺时听天。
(译文):我们守住本分,努力工作生活,上天自有安排。
(原文):为人若此,庶乎近焉。
(译文):如果能够这样做人,那就差不多和圣贤做人的道理相合了。
英文翻译(小部分):
  (1)一粥一饭,当思来之不易。半丝半缕,恒念物力维艰。
  The growing of rice and of grain
  Think on whenever you dine;
  Remember how silk is obtained
  Which keeps you warm and looks fine.
  (2)宜未雨而绸缪,勿临渴而掘井。
  In periods of drought
  Wise birds mend their nest
  So when the clouds burst
  They snugly may rest;
  Never be the fool
  Who starts to dig a well in the ground
  When he wants a drink of water
  And water can’t be found.
  (3)与肩挑贸易毋占便宜,与贫苦亲邻须加温恤。
  Bargain you not with the traveler who vends;
  Share of your wealth with your neighbors and friends.
  (4)居家戒争讼,讼则终凶;处世戒多言,言多必失。
  Don’t take into court your family disputes,
  Unpleasant endings emerge from lawsuits;
  To comport yourself well in society,
  Restrain loose tongue’s impropriety.
  (5)勿恃权势而凌孤寡;勿贪口腹而恣杀性。
  Use not your bow and arrow
  To bully orphan and widow.
  Do not dumb animals slaughter at will
  Your appetite greedy to over fulfill.
  (6)乖僻自是,悔悟必多;颓惰自甘,家园终替。
  Egocentric people grow
  Much regret and sorrow;
  Lazy, slothful people sow
  Poverty tomorrow.
  (7)施惠勿念;受恩莫忘。
  In proclaiming your virtues go slow;
  And be mindful of mercy you own.
  (8)凡事当留余地,得意不宜再往。
  Leave room for retreat
  When trying new feat.
  You will try, try in vain
  To repeat windfall gain.
  (9)人有喜庆,不可生忌妒心;人有祸患,不可生欣幸心。
  Don’t envy other’s success;
  Don’t gloat o’er other’s distress.
  (注:o’er即over,为了译文的音律而采用缩略的形式)
  (10)善欲人见,不是真善;恶恐人知,便是大恶。
  To brag of the good you have done
  Will never impress anyone.
  Personal scandals you try hard to hide
  Will soon be known far and wide.
         《朱子家训》亦称《朱柏庐治家格言》,简称《朱子治家格言》。作者朱用纯,字致一,自号柏庐,江苏省昆山县人,生于明万历四十五年。
编辑本段
正文
黎明即起,洒扫庭除,要内外整洁。
既昏便息,关锁门户,必亲自检点。
Rise up by dawn's early light;Clean up, put everything right;Keep the home tidy
and clean.
Go to bed early at night;Check that the doors are locked tight;Sleep now secure
and serene.一粥一饭,当思来处不易;
半丝半缕,恒念物力为艰。
The growing of rice and of grain Think on whenever you dine;
Remember how silk is obtained Which keeps you warm and looks fine.宜未雨而绸缪,毋临渴而掘井。
In periods of drought Wise birds mend their nest So when the clouds burst They
snugly may rest;
Never be the fool Who starts to dig a well in the ground When he wants a drink
of water And water can't be found.自奉必须俭约,宴客切勿流连。
Restrained and frugal be In all your private life;That party quickly flee With
drinking and flirting rife.器具质而洁,瓦缶胜金玉。
饮食约而精,园蔬愈珍馐。
Oh better earthen mugs and plates In household neat and clean Than vessels made
of gold and jade And suited for the queen;
Eat good food from garden fresh Downed with a cup of tea Shun exotic, unknown
foods From far across the sea.勿营华屋,勿谋良田。
Build not a house too pretentious and grand; Never, no never take anyone's land.三姑六婆,实淫道之媒;
婢美妾峤,非闺房之福。
Matchmaker ladies who wander out and in Don't mediate matches, they mediate sin;
A beautiful and lusty young wife May complicate a family's life.童仆勿用俊美,妻妾切忌艶装。
A page-boy clever, quick and sharp You should never, never hire; Of over
made-up, dressed-up wife You certainly will tire.祖宗虽远,祭祀不可不诚;
子孙虽愚,经书不可不读。
Memorial service for forebears You now and then should hold;To learn from them
and show you care,Their story should be told.
Confucius' classic sayings All children should retain, Specially when it's
evident They do not have much brain.居身务其质朴,教子要有义方。
Honest and righteous be And committed to good deed; Your children then will see
Example they should heed.莫贪意外之财,莫饮过量之酒。
You can only make a fortune by Striving, working hard; No money falls from out
the sky On your own backyard.
Only drink a small amount of good wine Never let yourself across the sober line.与肩挑贸易,毋占便宜;
见贫若亲邻,须加温恤。
Bargain you not with the traveler who vends;
Share of your wealth with your neighbors and friends.刻薄成家,理无久享;
伦常乖舛,立见消亡。
The man who gets rich through his lying and cheating ,Will find that his joy —
if any — is fleeting.
A person who commits incest Is foul knave whom all detest.兄弟叔侄,须多分润寡;
长幼内外,宜法肃严词。
When splitting the family fortune be fair So siblings and cousins will each get
their share;
Domestic law rates everyone par No matter how haughty or humble you are.听妇言,乖骨肉,岂是丈夫;
重资财,薄父母,不成人子。
No worthy son his honor stains By giving any credence  When wife, in pillow
talk, complains About his antecedents.
When selfish son for riches seeks Neglecting aging parents Then all should treat
him as a freak,His actions an aberrance.嫁女择佳婿,毋索重聘;
娶媳求淑女,勿计厚奁。
A costly betrothal cannot ensure, That daughter's marriage will always endure.
A nice woman with no dowry Makes a good wife;A woman with large dowry May bring
stress and strife.见富贵而生谄容者最可耻,
遇贫贱而作骄态者贱莫甚。
To fawn on the rich detracts from your fame
And despising the poor redounds to your shame.居家戒争讼,讼则终凶;
处世戒多言,言多必失。
Don't take into court your family disputes,Unpleasant endings emerge from
lawsuits;
To comport yourself well in society Restrain loose tongue's impropriety.毋持势而凌迫孤寡,
毋贪口腹而恣杀牲禽。
Use not your bow and arrow To bully orphan and widow.
Do not dumb animals slaughter at will Your appetite greedy to over fulfill.乖僻自是,悔误必多;
颓情自甘,家道难成。
Egocentric people grow ,Much regret and sorrow;
Lazy, slothful people sow,Poverty tomorrow.狎昵恶少,久必受其累;
屈志劳成,急则可相依。
He who with crooks his way does wend,Into crime will surely drift;
Rely on honest upright friend,When from plight you need a lift.轻听发言,安之非人之请愿谮诉,当忍耐三思。
因事相争,焉知非我之不是,须平心暗想。
A remark that's made with seeming candor,Could really be malicious slander;So
carefully now think it through.
And when with friend you've had a fight,Consider this: Perhaps he's right;It may
be that fault is with you.施惠毋念,受恩莫忘。
In proclaiming your virtue go slow;And be mindful of mercy you owe.凡事当留余地,得意不宜再往。
Leave room for retreat When trying new feat. You will try, try in vain To repeat
windfall gain.人有喜庆,不可生嫉忌心;
人有祸患,不可生喜幸心。
Don't envy other's success;
Don't gloat o'er other's distress.善欲人见,不是真善;
恶恐人知,便是大恶。
To brag of the good you have done Will never impress anyone.
Personal scandals you try hard to hide ,Will soon be known far and wide.见色而起淫心,报在妻女;
匿怨而用暗箭,祸延子孙。
The husband who yields to his lustful desire.By letting his lewd fancies
roam,Thus forfeits his privilege to hope or aspire,To having a warm, happy home.
A stab in the back of a man that you hate,Will subject your sons to an even
worse fate.家门和顺,虽饔餮不济,亦有余欢;
国课早完,即囊橐无余,自得至乐。
The family that lives in love and peace,Is garnering joys that never will cease
Even though your food may decrease.
Paying tax early to the state,Makes you feel contented and great Even though
your purse will deflate.读书志在圣贤,非徒科第;
为官心存君国,岂计身家。
Sages and men of good virtue inspire,True scholar's heart with a studious fire.
If to high office you truly aspire,You must be loyal to king and empire.守分安命,顺时听天;
为人若此,庶乎近焉。
You are not far from being a good person,If you Abide by the law,
Believe in destiny,Following the trend of the timesand adapt to the changes of
Nature.