九乡新闻网英寸和毫米的换算表:形容词和副词
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形容词是用于描写或修饰名词或代词的词，它可以表示人或事物的性质、特征、状态和属性，在句中可用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。如： 形容词变副词： 1.多数情况下, 副词是形容词＋'-ly'形式： cheap cheaply
It's a beautiful car. 那是一辆漂亮的汽车。 (作定语)
The children are clever. 这些孩子很聪明。 (作表语)
All of them fell asleep. 他们都睡着了。 (作表语)
We find the question very difficult.我们发现这个问题很难。(作宾补)
He sat in the corner,silent. 他坐在角落里，一言不发。 (作状语)
副词
副词主要用于修饰动词，也可用于修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语以及句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问等。如
He often comes late. 他经常迟到。 (修饰动词)
We rather like English. 我们非常喜欢英语。 (修饰动词)
It's almost impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。 (修饰形容词)
He drove very fast. 他开车开的很快。 (修饰副词)
She looks very much like her mother.她看上去很她母亲。 (修饰介词短语)
quick
slow
quickly
slowly
例如:
- Time goes quickly.
- He walked slowly to the door.
- She certainly had an interesting life.
- He carefully picked up the sleeping child.
如果形容词以'-y'结尾, 用 'i'代替'y'再加 '-ly':
形容词 副词
easy
angry
happy
lucky
easily
angrily
happily
luckily
如果形容词以-'able', '-ible', or '-le', 结尾，则用'-y'代替“e":
形容词 副词
probable
terrible
gentle
probably
terribly
gently
如果形容词以'-ic'结尾, 加 '-ally':
形容词 副词
basic
economic
tragic
basically
economically
tragically
注意: 例外: public - publicly
2. 有的形容词与副词形式相同:
形容词 / 副词
early
fast
hard
high
late
near
straight
wrong
比较:
It is a fast car.
He drives very fast.
This is a hard exercise.
He works hard.
We saw many high buildings.
The bird flew high in the sky.
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1） 1） 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。
2） 2） 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错） He is an ill man.
（对） The man is ill.这个人生病了。
（错） She is an afraid girl.
（对） The girl is afraid. 这个女孩很害怕。
这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。
3 3） 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如：something nice.
1.2 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如：
a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car
限定词 delicious, lovely, charming 大小/长短 small,huge,tiny,long,short 新旧/温度 old, hot, young 形状 round, square, rectangular 颜色 red, blonde, black 出处（国籍） Swedish, Victorian, Chinese 材质 plastic, wooden, silver
典型例题:
1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） --性质--名词"的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。
2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节
少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高
低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错： （错） She sang lovely.
（错） He spoke to me very friendly.
（对） Her singing was lovely.
（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2） 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如：
The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：
The poor are losing hope. 穷人将失去希望。
2） 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如：
The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、副词的位置
1）表示确定的时间副词，地点副词和一些方式副词一般放在句末。如果句末同时出现几个副词，其顺序是：方式副词
地点副词时间副词
He went to London yesterday.
I saw your keys somewhere.
He closed the door quietly.
2）频度副词一般放在行为动词，助动词，系动词，情态动词后
She always goes to school at seven.
You have often been told not to do it.
3）程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词，副词或动词前（enough除外)
This is a very good book.
She studies much harder now.
I quite understand.
The hall is big enough to hold 5,000 people.
4）一些方式副词修饰不及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之后
He works hard.
5）修饰及物动词时,放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后
He speaks English very well.
6）副词修饰名词时放在名词之后：
The young people there are from Beijing.
7）修饰全句的副词常放在句首
Truly he will go to Shanghai.
8）疑问副词放在句首
Where is the book?
9）关系副词和连接副词放在定语从句和名词性从句之首
This is the house where I once lived.
I don't know where he lives.
10）及物动词和副词（如up,over,on,off,down,in out等）组成的动词词组又名词作宾语时，该名词可放在副词之后或之前，如果宾语为代词，该代词一定要放在副词之前
Don't give (the plan) up (the plan).
Don't give it up.
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。
b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：
He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。
二、副词的排列顺序：
1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：
Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些。
3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：（错） I very like English.
（对） I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
例如：
I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
2.2 副词的分类（一）按照意义分类：
1.时间副词：
now,soon,ago,today,early,finally,once,recently,already等
何时: today, yesterday, later, now, last year
多久: all day, not long, for a while, since last year
2.地点副词：
here,downstairs,above,back,upwards,nearby,outside,off
3.方式副词：
carefully,fast,angrily,warmly,suddenly,slowly,really,excitedly,hard,well等
4.程度副词：
almost,nearly,very,rather,fairly,so,much,deeply,quite等
5.频度副词：
once,always,seldom,often,usually,sometimes,occsionally等
（二）按照功能分类：
1.一般副词：包括上述时间，地点，方式，程度，频度等副词，主要在句中作状语，定语，表语，宾语补足语和介词宾语
2.疑问副词：如how,when,why,where放在特殊疑问句首
3.关系副词：如when,where,why,引导定语从句
4.连接副词：如 how,when,where,why,whether,引导名词性从句
（三）三种特殊的副词
1.与形容词同形的副词：
high,deep,hard,daily,early,fast,near,low,far,little,straight,pretty,enough,only,direct等
2.以－ly结尾的形容词
friendly,lovely,lonely,homely,manly,motherly,brotherly,worldly等
3.有一些副词既与形容词同形又可以以－ly结尾
He is a hard worker.他是个勤奋的工人（形容词）
He works hard.他努力工作（副词）
He hardly words.他几乎不工作（副词）
2.3 兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely
close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"。例如：
He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。
Watch him closely. 盯着他。
2） late 与lately
late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"。例如：
You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。
What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？
3） deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。
Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。
4） high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：
The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。
I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。
5） wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如：
He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
6） free与freely
free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"。例如：
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。
You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一. 形容词的比较级和最高级变化：
1） 规则变化
音节数量 比较级 最高级 单音节 + -er + -est tall taller tallest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est:
fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest sad sadder saddest
音节数量 比较级 最高级 双音节 + -er OR more + adj + -est OR most + adj 以 -y, -ly, 结尾的词，"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est
以 -le, 或者 -ure结尾的词，加－r；以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est happy happier/ more happy happiest/ most happy yellow yellower/ more yellow yellowest/ most yellow simple simpler/ more simple simplest/ most simple tender tenderer/ more tender tenderest/ most tender 如果你不确认, 用 MORE + OR MOST +
注意:"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est busy busier busiest 音节数量 比较级 最高级 三个以上的音节 more + adj most + adj important more important most important expensive more expensive most expensive
例如:
a. A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest
b. A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest
c. A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable
2） 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级 good better best well（健康的） worse worst bad ill（有病的） old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest二. 副词的比较级和最高级变化：通常说来，副词的比较级和最高级与形容词的比较级最高级形式相同：
- 短副词后加 -er or -est :
副词 比较级 最高级 hard harder the hardest late later the latest fast faster the fastest
例如:
- Jim works harder than his brother.
- Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.
以 -ly结尾的副词, 用 more ＋副词做比较级， most＋副词做最高级 :
副词 比较级 最高级 quietly more quietly most quietly slowly more slowly most slowly seriously more seriously most seriously
例如:
- The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.
- Could you sing more quietly please?
有的副词有不规则的比较级形式
副词 比较级 最高级 badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest little less least well better best- The little boy ran further than his friends.
- You're driving worse today than yesterday !
注意! 有时候 'most' 意味着 'very':
- We were most grateful for your help
- I am most impressed by this application.
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如：
He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
- Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest .
- Norway is not as sunny as Thailand .
- A bicycle is not as expensive as a car.
- Arthur is not as intelligent as Albert .
2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如：
This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。
3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：
This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。
4）倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如：
This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。
Your room is twice the size of mine.
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
（错） He is more cleverer than his brother.
（对） He is more clever than his brother.
（对） He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
（错） China is larger than any country in Asia.
（对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。
比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
4.3 the + 最高级 + 比较范围1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例如：
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。例如：
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。
注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
（错） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
（对） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2）下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。
注意：
a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：
Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。
3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4） "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如：
Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题：
1）---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D。
1） the more…the more… 越……就越……。例如：
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make. 越努力，进步越大。
2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如：
He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。
3） no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多。例如：
The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
no less… than… 与……一样……。例如：
He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。
4） more than 不只是，非常。例如：
She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。
典型例题
1）The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America
答案：D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。
2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案为C。
6. 需特别注意的 many、much，old 和 far1） 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。
2） old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。例如：
My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是个工程师。
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 玛丽是三姐妹中最大的。
3） far 有两种比较级，farther，further。一般father 表示距离，further表示进一步。例如：
I have nothing further to say. 我没什么要说了。
频率副词： always,usually,sometimes,rarely,never
0% 的时间 在带动词 be 的句子里应把频率副词放在动词的后面。
They are always happy.
The food is never good here.
在带其他动词的句子中时，频率副词放在动词的前面：
We usually go to the beach on Saturday.
She sometimes cooks spaghetti.
I rarely travel.
表示程度的副词:Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough,very, hardly, scarcely, completely, extremely.
表示程度的副词通常放在:
- 修饰的形容词或副词之前:
如. The water was extremely cold.
- 主要动词之前:
如. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.
例子:
She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.
They are completely exhausted from the trip.
I am too tired to go out tonight.
He hardly noticed what she was saying.
Enough, very, too 的比较
1）Enough 作副词时表示”到了一定程度“放在形容词及副词之后
例如:
- Is your coffee hot enough? (形容词)
- He didn't work hard enough. (副词)
也可放在名词前,表示 '足够了'. 这里不作副词，而是 '限定词'.
例子:
- We have enough bread.
- They don't have enough food.
2）Too 作副词放在形容词及副词之前.
- This coffee is too hot. (形容词)
- He works too hard. (副词)
Enough 和 too 加上形容词可以跟 'for someone/something'.
例如:
- The dress was big enough for me.
- She's not experienced enough for this job.
- The coffee was too hot for me.
- The dress was too small for her.
我们也可以 'to + 不定式' 用于 enough 和 too ＋形容词（副词）之后
Example:
- The coffee was too hot to drink.
- He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.
- She's not old enough to get married.
- You're too young to have grandchildren!
3）Very 用于形容词及副词之前使语气更强烈.
例如:
- The girl was very beautiful. (形容词)
- He worked very quickly. (副词)
注意! too 和 very的用法上有巨大的差异.
- Very 表示事实:
He speaks very quickly. - Too 则暗示有问题:
He speaks too quickly (for me to understand).
其他类似 very 的副词：
extremely, especially, particularly, pretty, rather, quite, fairly, rather, not especially, not particularly.
注意: rather 可以是肯定或否定，取决与它修饰的形容词及副词:
肯定: The teacher was rather nice
否定: The film was rather disappointing.
注意在倒装句中的否定副词:
通常主语放于动词之前:
主语 动词
I
She
left
goes
然而，有的否定副词引起倒装句－－动词需置于主语之前
例如:
Never have I seen such courage. She rarely left the house. Rarely did she leave the house.
一、形容词还有类似的词及短语需要使用倒装句:
seldom, scarcely, hardly, not only .....but also, no sooner .....than, not until, under no circumstances
(一)形容词的作用与位置
1.作定语
形容词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词; 如果几个形容词的性质差不多，则音节少的在前，音节多的靠近名词。
I’d like a light blue woolen sweater. 我想买一件浅蓝色的羊毛衫。
He lives in a small German town. 他住在德国的一个小镇里。
2.下列情况下形容词作定语要后置。
1)形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定式代词时，须放在其后。
It’s nothing serious. 没有什么严重的。
Do you have anything important to tell us? 你有重要的事情告诉我们吗？
2)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometres long. 长城有六千多千米长。
3)else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what、who、whom、whose和不定代词something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody等。
Did anyone else come with James? 有别的人和詹姆斯一起来吗？
4)形容词短语作定语，必须放在被修饰的名词之后。
All the villagers, old and young, turned out to welcome the visitors.
所有村民，年老的和年轻的，全部出来欢迎参观者。
3.只能作表语的形容词
afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well, ill, frightened等形容词在句中只能用作表语，而不能做定语。
He’s well. 不可说He’s a well man.
4.只能作定语的形容词
little ,only, wooden, woolen, elder等以及复合形容词English-speaking, glass-stopped, kind-hearted, man-made, take-away等也只能作定语。
He is a little boy. 但不可说Thy boy is little.
Father Christmas is a kind-hearted man. 圣诞老人是一个心地善良的人。
5.貌似副词的形容词
lonely(独自的)，friendly(友好的)，lively(生动的)，lovely(可爱的)
二、副词
几组副词用法辨析
1. very与much表示“很”，“非常”。
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级; much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用much或very much.
She said she was much better than before. 她说她比过去好多了。
I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。
2. so与such表示“如此”，“这么”，“那么”
1) so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词定语。
I can’t be here so early. 我不能这么早到这儿。
I’ve never seen such fine drawings. 我从未见过如此精美的图画。
2) so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数可数名词，其结构是so + adj. + a/an + n.试比较：
She is so good a girl.
She is such a good girl
3) 如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much, little等表示数量多少的形容词时，用so而不用such。
I’m afraid that he’ll forget it if he misses so many lessons. 我担心的是，如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。
Miss Zhao got so little money a month. 赵老师每月只领这么少的钱。
4) “so +助动词+主语”表示前面的陈述也适用于后者，意为“……也一样”。
—People in England eat a lot of potatoes.
—So do we.
3. too, also与either表示“也(不)”。
We also have eleven players in a team.
注意，too有时也用于否定疑问句中，但表示肯定语气。
Can’t you see I’ve got teeth, too?
4. ago与before, 表示“在……以前”
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。
—When did you have a meeting ?
—Three days ago.
Mr Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.
5. sometime, sometimes与some time
sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”; sometimes指“有时候”; some time则指“一段时间”。
New students will come to our school sometime next week.
They call me Lily sometimes.
6. already, yet与still表示“已经”等。
[注意]already有时用于疑问句，表示出乎意料，惊讶等。
Have you finished already? (我以为你没有做完，表示出乎意料)
Well, have you forgotten already? Two weeks ago, it had a baby.
三、形容词、副词的比较等级的用法
1.原级的用法
1)“甲 + 谓语动词 + as + 原级 + as +乙”表示甲乙两者程度相同。
I think foreign languages are as difficult as science subjects. 我想外语和理科一样难学。
2)“甲 + 谓语动词 + not + as/so + 原级 + as +乙”表示“甲不如乙……”。
Luckily the weather was not so wet as it today. 幸运的是天气不象今天这样潮湿。
3)“甲 + 谓语动词 + less + 原级 + as + 乙”表示“甲不比乙 ……”
I think music is less important than Chinese.我不认为数学比语文重要。
2.比较级表示两者之间的比较，常用句型结构有：
1)“甲 + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than + 乙”，表示“甲比乙…… 。”
Han Meimei’s cake is bigger than Lily’s.韩梅梅的蛋糕比莉莉大。
比较级前可用much, even, still, a bit, a little等加强语气。
It’s much better than having class.比上课好玩多了。
2)“甲 + 谓语动词 +比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词(介词短语) ”，表示“甲比任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国任何城市都大。
3)“甲 + 谓语动词 + the +比较级 + of the two +……”表示“两者中较……的”。
Tom is the taller of the two (brothers).汤姆是他兄弟俩人中较高的一个。
4)“比较级+and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”。
Our life gets better and better. 我们的生活越来越好。
3.最高级用于三者以上的比较，表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最……”，常用句型结构有：
1)“主语 + 谓语动词 + the + 最高级 + 单数名词 + in/of短语”，
Huanghe is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二大长河。
J2)“主语 + 谓语动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of短语”表示“……是最……之一。”
The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
3)“特殊疑问词 + 谓语动词 + the + 最高级，+ 甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳、月亮和地球哪一个最大？
4) 记住下列句型：
①“It’s + adj. + of + sb + 不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。
这一句型中常用形容词good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等来说明“人”怎么样。
It’s kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。
②“It’s + adj. + for + sb. + 不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。常用形容词有difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等来说明“事物”怎么样。
It is impossible for us to answer the question. 我们不可能回答这个问题。
③表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful等常接不定式。
I’m glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
④表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。
Comrade Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋同志总是乐意帮助别人。
“be sure/ certain + 不定式” 表示“说话人的看法，”而“be sure/ certain + that从句”则表示自己的看法。试比较：
Tom is sure /certain to come. (别人的看法)
Tom is sure/certain that he will come. (本人的看法)
⑤表示判断的形容词right, wrong, good, nice, terrible, wonderful, surprising, interesting, lucky, strange, important, necessary等可用于“It is + adj. + for sb + 不定式”或“It is + adj. + that从句”两种句型中。
It’s necessary for us to make it clear.
It’s necessary that we make it clear.
直击中考
1. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven’t got everything ready yet. ______. (2003广州)
A. everB. alreadyC.D. still
[点拨] 答案是C。此题旨在考查ever, already，yet， still，等常见副词的用法。yet 用在疑问句或否定句中，但意思不一样。在疑问句中，yet作“已经”解，在否定句中，yet作“还(没有)”解。already用于陈述句，意为“已经”。still作“仍然”，“依旧”解。ever有“曾经”之意，表示过去做过某事。
2. The three fishermen saw ______ in the sky last year. (2003上海闵行区)
A. anything strangeB. strange anything
C. something strangeD. strange something
[点拨] 答案是C。形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时须放在其后面。此外，else(别的，其他的)修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody和疑问代词what, who等也须后置。
3. —Li Xin thinks Yao Ming is becoming the most famous basketball player in the world.
—______.(2003黑龙江)
A. So am IB. So do IC. So I doD. So I am
[点拨] 答案是B。“so+助动词+主语”表示“同样；也”。题意是“李新认为姚明将成为世界著名的篮球运动员。”“我也这样认为。”此题易误选A。这种以so引起的倒装句只用于肯定句。so后接的be，do, will或情态动词，应与其后的主语保持数的一致。注意，“so+主语+助动词”表示对主语情况的强调或确认。意为“确实如此”。
4. If you don’t want to go swimming, I won’t ______. (2003黑龙江)
A. tooB. alsoC. either D. neither
[点拨] 答案是C。此题是词义辨析题，旨在考查too, also, either和neither的用法区别。too, also作“也”讲，用于肯定句，too一般在句尾；also用在行为动词前，连系动词之后。either作“也”讲，用于否定句，neither指“两者都不”，本身含有否定意义。
5. Jim is running ______ Bruce. They’re neck and neck. (2003黑龙江)
A. faster thanB. as fast asC. as faster asD. more slowly than
[点拨] 答案是B。此题旨在考查两者程度相同的比较。由They’re neck and neck.(他们齐头并进)可知“Jim和Bruce跑得一样快”。A项“比……跑得快”与D项“比……跑得慢” 均与题意不符。C项as faster as结构有误。
6. The bread is ______ than those cakes.(2003广西)
A. very delicious B. much delicious
C. more delicious D. as delicious
[点拨] 答案是C。此题考查多音节形容词比较等级的构成规则。由空格后的than可以判断此句应用比较级。多音节形容词分别在其前面加more, most构成比较级和最高级。much可用在比较级前加强语气。
7. I think maths is ______ difficult than English. (2003江苏徐州)
A. very B. much C. as D. much more
[点拨] 答案是D。多音节形容词比较级和最高级分别在前面加more和most构成。形容词比较级前常用much, a little, even, a bit等词来表示程度，以加强语气。但very, quite等词只用来修饰原级；more 是many 和much的比较级，可用来构成多音节形容词或副词的比较级。
8. Tokyo is larger than ______ in India. (2003沈阳)
A. any other cityB. any cityC. another cityD. other city
[点拨] 答案是B。注意比较级的比较对象，即不能与自身相比。 东京在日本，故可以排除与自身相比的可能性。如果题干改为Tokyo is larger than ______ in Japan.则应选A项。即“东京比日本的任何其它城大”。“日本的任何城”包括“东京”，只能与“东京”之外的其它城相比较。
9. Of the two Australian students, Masha is ______ one. I think you can find her easily. (2003重庆)
A. tallestB. the tallerC. tallerD. the tallest
[点拨] 答案是B。表示两者中的比较常用the +比较级+of the two...句型。要记住这一特殊句型的用法。特别是比较级前有定冠词the。
10. Who’s ______ in your class?(2003兰州)
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
[点拨] 答案是D。 此题旨在考查形容词比较等级的用法。根据句意本题应使用形容词最高级。in 短语表示“在某一范围内”的比较；of all 或of the +复数名词表示“在某一类/群人或物中”比较，最高级常与这两个短语一起使用。
11. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay _______$30. (2003安徽)
A. moreB. otherC. the otherD. another
[点拨] 答案是D。考查词义辨析。more意为“另外的；附加的”，常用在表示数量的词之后；another意为“又；再”，常用在数词之前；other, the other表示“泛指”与“特指”，与题意不符。题意是“如果你要双程票，你还要再付30美元。”
12. —Li Lei did very well in the English exam. (2003北京西城区)
—Oh , yeah ! He is ___________ English.
A. weak inB. angry withC. good atD. afraid of
[点拨] 答案是C。短语辨析题。be good at...是习惯用语，意为“在……方面做得好；擅长”，与上一句中的did very well in意思相同。be weak in(在……弱)； be angry with(生某人的气)；be afraid of(害怕；恐怕)均与题意不符。
13. —Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
—We know, Miss Gao. (2003黄冈)
A. The more, the more B. The fewer, the more
C. The more, the fewer D. The less, the less
[点拨] 答案是C。 此题考查“the +比较级，+ the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”的用法。题意是“你们越细心，你们出的错误将越少。”mistakes是可数名词，前面要用few的比较级fewer。此题易误选D。
14. The little girl was afraid of staying_____ in the______ house. (2003江苏无锡)
A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lonely; alone
[点拨] 答案是B。词义辨析题。alone作副词，意为“独自地”，作状语；lonely作形容词，意为“孤独的；偏僻的”。题意为“那个小女孩害怕独自地呆在那间孤独的小屋里”。
15. The population of Shanghai is ______ than that of Shijiazhuang. (2003河北)
A. smallerB. largerC. lessD. large
[点拨] 答案是B。根据常识判断。“上海的人口比石家庄的(人口)多。”注意，英语中表示人口的“多”或“少”分别用large或small。
16. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was _______ with me. (2003南京)
A. sadB. pleasedC. angryD. sorry
[点拨] 答案是B。词义辨析题。be pleased with ...(对……满意)，由前半句The smile on my father’s face(我父亲脸上的笑容)可知，他对我很满意。be angry with sb.意为“生某人的气”，与题意不符。sad, sorry不与with搭配。
17. I am _______. I want a piece of bread. (2003甘肃)
A. full B. hungry C. tired D. thirsty
[点拨] 答案是B。由I want a piece of bread(我想要一块面包)不难看出我是“饿了”。full(饱了；满了)；tired(累了)；thirsty(渴了)在此与题意均不符。
18. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as ______ as possible. (2003安徽)
A. oftenB. longC. hardD. soon
[点拨] 答案是A。由常识判断，要学好英语就要尽可能地经常使用。as soon as possible意为“尽可能快地”。
19. You will be successful ______ if you work hard.
A. someday B. some dayC. some days D. any day(2003兰州)
[点拨] 答案是B。词义辨析题。some day指将来“有一天”；one day可指过去的“有一天”，也可指将来的“某一天”。
20. ______ do you write to your friend? — Once a week. (2003哈尔滨)
A. How many B. How often C. How longD. How far
[点拨] 答案是B。根据答语“每周一次”可知问题问的是“多长时间一次”，即how often。
how many意为“多少个”；how long意为“多久；多长时间”；how far意为“多远”，询问距离。
专项训练
1. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ______ island in China.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large
2. —Will your mother______ you if you______ the English exam?
—Of course not. Because I am trying my best.
A. be angry with, don’t pass B. be angry with, won’t pass
C. be angry to, don’t pass D. be angry to, won’t pass
3. Jane looks so ______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
A. happyB. happilyC. angryD. angrily
4. A horse is______ than a dog.
A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavierD. the heaviest
5. —Is the physics problem______?
—Yes. I can work it out______.
A. easy; easily B. easy; easy C. easily; easy D. easily; easily
6. — The TV programme is boring. Shall we play chess instead?
— All right. That is ______ than watching a boring programme.
A. very goodB. much goodC. very betterD. much better
7. This second-hand camera is much ______ than that new one.
A. cheapB. cheaperC. dearD. dearest
8. I liked to play football when I was young. ______.
A. So he was B. So was he C. So did he D. So he did
9. Everything is __________ at night markets. You don’t need a lot of money to have a good time.
A. cheapB. badC. tiredD. dear
10. He is looking for a secondhand car. “a secondhand car” means ______.
A. a used car B. a new carC. a broken car D. two cars
11. —I will give you some nice picture books.
—Good. The _______, the_______.
A. more; better B. many; betterC. most; best D. much; better
12. —Which is ______ season in Beijing?
—I think it’s autumn.
A. goodB. betterC. bestD. the best
13. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks ______.
A. more brighterB. more brightC. less brightD. much brighter
14. —This digital camera is really cheap!
—The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
A. cheapB. cheaperC. expensiveD. more expensive
15. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes. She is ______.
A. careB. carefulC. carefullyD. careless
16. Now the air in our hometown is ______ than it was before. Something must be done.
A. much betterB. more worseC. more betterD. much worse
17. —How do you like the new film?
—______.
A. Very kind B. Very delicious C. Very lucky D. Very interesting
18. It’s good for your health to do ______ sports.
A. muchB. leastC. moreD. most
19. Usually Xiao Li spends______ time doing homework than Xiao Chen does.
A. little B. less C. few D. fewer
20. —The coat is too expensive.
—Don’t worry. Here’s another one. It’s nice and ________, I think.
A. cheapB. dearC. beautifulD. bright
21. I didn’t go shopping yesterday. He didn’t, ______.
A. soB. eitherC. tooD. neither
22. —What do you think of his surfing? —Oh, no one does ______.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
23. —Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?
—Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better thanB. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good asD. a more important; not as good as
24. —Why don’t you ask Tom to do it?
—I don’t know whether he is ______ to. He sometimes makes things worse.
A. possibleB. ableC. afraidD. easy
25. Hello, Mr Green! I want to see you right now. Can you come as ______ as possible?
A. manyB. lateC. muchD. soon
26. Either of them can take this job, but what I’m interested in is who is______.
A. the most careful B. more careful C. careful D. even careful
27. —Dinner isn’t ready yet.
— How ______ will it be ready?
A. soon B. long C. much D. often
28. Water will be turned into ice in weather.
A. freeze B. froze C. freezing D. frozen
29. —How are you getting on with your work?
—I can’t do it ______ any longer; I’ll have to get help.
A. single B. quietly C. alone D. hard
30. Jack jumped ______ than Jim in the long jump.
A. higher B. faster C. farther D. longer
31. Pass my glasses to me, Jack. I can ______ read the words in the newspaper.
A. hardlyB. reallyC. ratherD. clearly
32. —_____ are you going to London?
— By air.
A. How B. When C. Where D. Why
33. At times they go to the cinema. In this sentence “At times” means ______.
A. All the time B. Usually C. On time D. Sometimes
34. English people ______ use Mr before a man’s first name.
A. neverB. usuallyC. oftenD. sometimes
35. The writer lives ______, but he doesn’t feel ______.
A. alone; alone B. alone; lonelyC. lonely; alone D. lonely; lonely
36. ______ delicious the food is!
A. HowB. How a C. WhatD. What a
37. —Does Liu Hua ever guess the meanings of English words?
—He______ guesses the meanings of new words. He uses his dictionary all the time.
A. usuallyB. alwaysC. neverD. sometimes
38. —It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it?
—Just to Shanghai.
A. How muchB. How longC. How soonD. How far
39. —______ did you begin to learn English?
—Three years ago.
A. When B. Why C. Where D. What
40. —How far is it from your home to your school?
—It’s a quarter’s walk, ______.
A. here and there B. now and then C. up and down D. more or less
41. When they met in the hotel, they talked and laughed ______.
A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest
42. —______ were you away from school last year?
—About two weeks.
A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. When
43. Johnny doesn’t sing quite ______ the other boys and girls in his class.
A. so well asB. as good like
C. as well like D. so good as
44. Allen: George looks strong. Has he ever been sick?
Doris: He’s a superman! He ______ goes to the doctor’s.
A. alreadyB. evenC. oftenD. seldom
45. —How do you get on with your classmates?
—______.
A. Very well B. Well done C. That’s OK D. I’m well
46. —What animal do you like ______?
—I like all kinds of animals.
A. better B. best C. very D. well
47. Lucy writes as______ as Lily. They are both good students.
A. careful B. carefully C. more careful. D. most carefully
48. Lin Tao jumped ______ in the long jump in the school sports meeting.
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far
49. —______ did you like the trip to Hainan?
—It was wonderful.
A. WhenB. HowC. WhereD. What
50. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed ______ than usual.
A. earlyB. earlierC. lateD. later
Lily’s not visited many places of great interest in China _______.
A.So has her twin sister
B.Neither is her twin sister
C.So her twin sister has
D.Neither has her twin sister
答案与解析
1. C. “第二大岛”，表示“第几最……”用最高级。
2. A. 根据情景判断。be angry with sb. 意为“生某人的气”，是固定词组。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态。
3. A. 词义辨析题。由后半句she has got an “A” in her maths test(数学考试得了A)可知她很“高兴”。happily只能作状语。
4. C. 比较级前可用much, a little, a bit, even等加强语气。
5. A. 考查形容词和副词的用法区别。第一句用形容词作表语；第二句用副词作状语。
6. D. 两者比较用比较级。 very只用在原级前；much修饰比较级，加强语气。
7. B. 由句意判断。二手相机比新的便宜。
8. C. “so + 助动词+主语”表示前一句所述情况也符合后者。so作“……也一样”解。
9. A. 词义辨析题。由后一句You don’t need a lot of money...可知“夜市所有的东西都很便宜”。
10. A. a second car (二手车) 即a used car(使用过的车)，used作形容词用。
11. A. 考查“the + -er; the + -er”表示“越……越”的用法。
12. D. 根据答语判断。“季节”有四个，所以要用最高级。C项错在最高级前没有定冠词。
13. D. 由They have just cleaned the windows(他们刚擦过窗户)判断，房间显得更亮。
14. B. 比较级连用，意为“越便宜越好。”
15. D. 词义辨析题。由前一句...always makes a lot of mistakes(总是出许多错误)可知她多么的“粗心”。
16. D. 由Something must be done.(必须采取某种措施)判断，现在空气的质量“更糟糕”。
17. D. 形容电影只能用“非常有趣”了。其余三项不能用来描述电影。
18. C. 根据常识判断，“多做运动对你的健康有好处”。
19. B. 两者比较用比较级。“less+不可数名词+than”意为“比……少”；“more+可数名词+than”意为“比……多”。
20. A. 词义辨析题。由上文的too expensive可以判断，下面的“很便宜”。
21. B. either用在否定句末，表示“也(不)”。
22. C. 由上下文判断。“没有人做得更好。”
23. C. 由上下文语境及生活常识判断。即“我们可以买一件比那个便宜并且和这个一样好的”。
24. B. 词义辨析题。be able to表示“能力”。根据后一句“他有时候把事情做的很糟”可知“我”是怀疑他的能力。
25. D. as soon as possible意为“尽可能快地”。 由I want to see you right now.判断。
26. B. 由Either of them判断，此处是比较“(两者)谁更细心”，所以用比较级。
27. A. how soon意为“多久之后”，即“晚饭要多久之后能准备好？”
28. C. 词义辨析题。freezing意为“冰冷的；严寒的”，作定语。frozen有“冻结的；冷酷的”的意思，表示被动意义。如a frozen river(结了冰的河)。
29. C. 由I’ll have to get help.(我不得不寻求帮助)可知，前一句意思是“我再也不能自己干下去了”。
30. C. “跳远”为the long jump，但表示“跳多远”要用far(farther, farthest)表示具体的距离。
31. A. 词义辨析题。由前半句pass my glasses to me(把眼镜递给我)可知， “我几乎不能看清报纸上的字”。hardly意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义。
32. A. 由答语“乘飞机”判断，问句问的是“你怎样去伦敦？”
33. D. at times意为“有时”，与sometimes同义。
34. A. 根据常识确定。英语国家的人从不用Mr在一个男人的名字前。
35. B. 词义辨析题。alone是副词，作“独自地；单独地”解，用作状语；lonely是形容词，常作“孤独的”；“寂寞的”解，在句中作表语。
36. A. how 构成感叹句，修饰形容词，作状语。
37. C. 由后半句“He uses his dictionary all the time”“他总是使用词典”可知前半句是说“他从不猜测生词意思”。
38. D. 根据答语Just to Shanghai.可以判断出问题是“你用这辆车跑多远(距离)了？”
39. A. 由答语“三年前”判断，可知问句问的是“你是什么时候开始学英语的”。
40. D. 根据“How far is it from your home to your school?”判断，回答为“大约一刻钟的路程。”here and there意为“到处”；now and then意为“不时”；up and down意为“上上下下”；more or less意为“或多或少”。
41. A. 副词作状语，修饰动词talked and laughed。
42. C. 根据答语About two weeks.可知问题问的是时间的长短。题意是“去年你缺了多长时间的课？”
43. A. so...as用于否定句中，表示“不如；不及”之意。
44. D. 据George looks strong. 和He’s a superman! 可知他“很少”去看医生。
45. A. get on with...意为“与……相处”，问句意思是“你与同学相处得怎样？” 回答Very well.
46. B. 根据题意判断。“你最喜欢什么动物？”“我喜欢所有的动物。”
意为“非常好”。
47. B. 根据句意判断，“Lucy和Lily写得一样认真。”
48. C. 副词最高级前可以省略定冠词the。
49. B. 根据答语判断，How do you like ...?意为“你感觉……怎么样？”
50. B. 由前半句“I was feeling tired last night”(昨晚我感觉很累)，所以要比平时睡