蚂蚁甩棍官方旗舰店:初中英语形容词和副词

形容词

形容词是用来描述或修饰名词的词，表示人或事物的性质或特征。

1 形容词的句法功能

形容词作定语的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前面。

如：I have a new book.

如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的位置

即由他们和被修饰名词的关系密切程度来决定。一般来说，关系最密切的最靠近被修饰名词。如：I have a new English book.

但是，当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在不定代词之后。

如：I have something important to tell you .

形容词短语作定语时应放在被修饰与之后。

如：The box full of books is very heavy.

2形容词作表语

形容词作表语的位置在连系动词之后。

如：The music sounds beautiful.

英语中有一部分形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，这种形容词叫做“表语形容词”，常见的有：sorry , afraid ,ill, glad, alone, worth,

3形容词作宾语补足语

形容词作宾语补足语的位置在宾语之后。

The new teacher made us happy every class.

4 形容词名词化。

某些形容词前加上定冠词后就相当于名词，指“某一类人或物。”We should look after the old and love the young .(我们应该尊老爱幼)

（二） 形容词的比较等级

大多数的形容词有三个等级：原级，比较级，最高级。

原级就是形容词的原形，比较级和最高级的词性有规则与不规则之分。

1形容词的比较级和最高级的构成

（1） 规则变化（单音节和部分双音节词）

a 一般在词尾加er或est

b 以e结尾的只加r或st

c 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母再加er或est

d 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的，先变y为I再加er或est

多音节和部分双音节在词前加more或most

（1） 不规则变化

good/well- better-best bad/ill/badly- worse –worst

little many/much-

far old –elder-elder(年长的)

2 形容词比较等级的用法

（1） 同级比较用法

英语中同级比较句型常用的有两种：as+形容词原级+as和not so(as) 形容词原级+as…句型。如：

The box is as heavy as that one.

（2 ）比较级的用法

形容词比较级用于表示两者或两部分之间进行比较。常用为“形容词比较级+than”

如：The flowers are more beautiful than those on the desk.

使用中，常在比较级前用much, even ,yet, still, a little, a bit, a lot 等词进行程度上的修饰。

如：My daughter is a little taller than his .

要表示“…比…多…倍”，用“倍数+比较级+than”句型来表达。

The sun is a million times larger than the earth.

英语中还有两个重要的句型使用比较级：表示“越来越…”使用 “比较级+比较级” 句型；表示“越…就越…”使用“the+比较级，the+比较级” 句型。

如：It gets hotter and hotter. 

The more careful you see ,the less mistakes you’ll make.

在比较中，还要注意参与比较的两者或不能互相包含。

如：I’m better in English than any students in our class.(错误。因为我也是我们班的学生之一，我不能比自己好。)

I’m better in English than any other student in our class（正确）

（3）最高级的用法

最高级用于表示三者或三者以上的多数之间进行比较，最高级前面要加定冠词，后面一般要跟表示范围的表达。

如：The Great Wall is the longest wall in our class.

使用中我们还要用到这样的表达：“最…之一”；“第几…最…”;在最高级前进行程度修饰等，我们可以用 “one of +the +最高级”，“the +序数词（very等置于the之后）+最高级”或用much, even等词（置于the之后）来修饰。

Mr smart is one of the most popular teachers in our school.

（一） 副词

副词用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或全句，说明时间，地点，程度及方式。

副词的构成

1 本身就是副词的词：now often always never very

2由形容词加ly转化而来的副词 careful- carefully polite –politely

true- truly full –fully angry-angrily happy- happily dry-dryly

副词的句法功能

（1） 作状语，I go to school very early every day.

（2） 作定语 The people here are very friendly.

（3） 作表语 Class is over.

（4） 作宾语补足语 Please let me in.

副词在句中的位置

（1） 修饰动词，一般放在动词之后，如是及物动词，则放在宾语之后。

Please listen to me carefully.

（2） 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。

He often goes to work on foot.

（3） 句中同时出现时间，地点的副词作状语时，先地点，后时间。

He arrived here yesterday.

（4） 副词enough通常放在形容词或副词之后。

The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.

1 also, too ,either表示“也”的区别用法

（1） also 比较正式，只能用于肯定句中，一般放在句中。

（2） too多用于口语中，只能用于肯定句中，一般放在句尾，前面用逗号分隔开来；

（3） either 只能用于否定句中，一般置于句末，并用逗号隔开。

2 much too / too much

much too用于修饰形容词或副词 too much用于修饰名词。

3 how long ,how often , how soon

（1） how long既可以用于对物的长度提问，表示“多长”，也可以用于对时间段提问，表示“多久”“多长时间”

（2） how often用来对频度提问，表示“每隔多久”

how soon 是用来询问“过多久”某动作发生。

练习：

（ ） 1 Bob never does his homework _____Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.

A so careful as B as carefully as

C careful as D as careful as

( ) 2 I feel ____better than yesterday.

A more B very C the D far

( ) 3 China has a larger population than ____in the world.

A all the countries B every country C any country D any other country 

( ) 4 This book is ____ on the subject.

A the much best B very much best C much the best D very the best 

( ) 5 The sick boy is getting ____day by day .

A worse B bad C badly D worst

( ) 6 This sweater looks ____and sells___.

A well, well B good, nice C nice, good D nice, well

( ) 7 The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ____with me .

A sad B pleased C angry D sorry

( ) 8 I didn’t go shopping yesterday .He didn’t ,___.

A so B either C too D neither

( ) 9 _____delicious the food is ! 

A How B How a C What D What a

( )10 ---------What animals do you like____?

---------I like pandas.

A. better B best C very D well

( ) 11 It is ____cold today . 

A much B very much C much too D too much

( ) 12 Remember this., children .______careful you are,____ mistakes you will make.

----We know,Miss Gao.

A The more, the more B The fewer , the more 

C The more, the fewer D The less, the less

( )13．We are going to do our work better with _______ money and ______ people.

A. less, fewer B. less, less C. fewer, fewer D. fewer, less

( )14. The boy is ________ than his brother.

A. two years older B. two years elder C. two-year older D. two-year elder

( )15. On the moon, things aren’t ________ they are on the earth.
A. so heavy as B. as heavier as C. as heavy than D. heavy than
( )16. Tom is the best student in his class. He is _______ than any of his classmates.
A. more cleverer B. much cleverer C. much more cleverer D. much clever
( )17. There are many students in this classroom but there are ________ students in that one.
A. many B. more C. much D. more many
( )18. There is ________ milk in my cup than in your cup.
A. little B. less C. few D. fewer
( )19. I’m 1.70 meters __________.
A. high B. higher C. tall D. taller
( )20. The film is ________, but the old aren’t _______ in it.
A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting
C. interesting, interesting D. interested, interested
( )21. Father is _______ to go to work.
A. good enough B. enough good C. well enough D. enough well
( )22. Is there ________ in this book?
A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. anything interesting D. interesting anything
( )23. Is his handwriting ________ as hers?
A. so good B. so well C. as good D. as well
( )24. Lu Xun is one of __________ in China.
A. best writers B. the best writer C. best writer D. the best writers

一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．The Nile is a ______river. It is _______than any other river in the world. In fact it is __________river in the world. (long)
2．She said that it was ________(happy) day in her life.
3．Who is ________(tall), Mary or Joan?
4．Which is ________(fast), a bike, a car or a bus?
5．Shanghai is one of _________(big) cities in China.
6．My brother has a very __________(good) voice.
7．Wang Fang has ________ Chinese Stamps. Judy hasn’t got as _________Chinese stamps as Wang Fang. But she has got ______ American stamps than Wang Fang. (many)
8．This film is even _________(interesting) and it’s _________(good) one I have ever seen.
9．The _______(sick) boy looks much __________(tired).
10． When summer comes, the days are getting _________ （long）.
11． This shirt is ________(nice), but my mother is looking for a _______ (nice) one for me.

一、 12． Oh, I’m still _________ (short) than you.
13． I have only a few friends in Nanjing, but he has a little _______ (few).
14． My bike isn’t as ______ (good) as his.
15． Last Sunday there was a _______ (friendly) talk among us.
暑期培训复习资料 介词 

1．与形容词搭配的词组有： be afraid of （怕） be angry with （生某人的气）

be away from （不在某地） be different from （与…不同）

be good at （善于） be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害) be interested in （对…感兴趣） be late for （迟到） be/get ready for （为作好准备） be sure of (对…有把握)

be worried about （为…感到担忧） 

2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式 

1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well. 

3．几组易混淆的介词 

A． “在...之后” in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）

after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时） after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时） 

如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. 

The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday. 

B． for +一段时间 since +过去的一点时间

这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。

C． be made of "用……制成" be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成”

D． in, on, at表时间 in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer

固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end

on "用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"

eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16

at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”

固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天

E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外” （不包括本身）

Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today. 

F． “用” 通过交通工具 by plane

用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV

用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands

G． between “在~和~（两者）之间”

between...and..., between the two... among 在...之间(三者或三者以上) 

eg.Sue spent over two hours ___ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over

( ) 1 When will Mr Black come to Beijing? ____September 5.

A On B At C In D For

( ) 2 Waste paper and bottle are collected ____recycling.

A by B as C for D from

( ) 3 We are reading the books ,____ practice, written by Mao Zedong.

A In B With C About D On

( ) 4 He is the oldest ____ all 

A in B of C in D over

( ) 5 China is ____ the east of Asia. A on B to C in D over

( ) 6 We must guard against wolves ___sheep’s clothing.

A in B with C on D at

( ) 7 There used to be a garden ____ the church.

A in front of B in the front of C front D in front

( ) 8 We watched an exciting football match ____last Sunday.

A on B in C at D \

( ) 9 The cat rushed ____ the bed and caught a mouse.

A from B under C from under D under from

( ) 10 What time did you get there this morning?

------ ____ eight.

A In B On C At D From

( ) 11 Children shouldn’t be angry ____ their parents.

A with B by C for D of

( )12 China lies ____the east of Asia and ___ the north of Australia.

A to; to B in ;to C to; in D in, on

( ) 13 His aunt went to America ____May ,1960.A from B in C on D at

( ) 14 ---------Which necklace have you lost?

---------- The one you gave me ____ my birthday.

A for B to C with D of

( )15 We can’t live _____air or water.

A with B without C if no D haven’t

( )16 I often get up ____twenty past six in the morning .

A on B at C in D under

( ) 17 Some shops open _____10:00a.m and 3:30p.m

A at B between C from D about

( ) 18 We have four classes ____the morning and then have a rest ___ noon.

A in ;in B in; on C on; at D at; in

( )19 Where’s Lily? We are all here ____her.

A beside B about C except D with

( )20 Hubei is ____the north of Hunan.

A in B for C to D at

( ) 21 I help my mother___ the housework .

A to B with C for D of

( ) 22 The students are listening ____their teacher very carefully.

A to B on C for D at

( ) 23 Haiwaii is famous ____its beautiful beaches.

A of B in C for D with

( ) 24 ____the help of my teacher ,I caught up with the other students.

A Under B In C With D On

( ) 25 Who’s the man ____black?

A in B with C on D of

( ) 26 LiLei did well in the English exam. He is ____ English.

A weak in B angry with C good at D afraid of

( )27 Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take picture ____a camera.

A as B for C like D of 

( ) 28 I’ve got the key ___the lock.

A of B to C on D by

( ) 29 They’re working ___the farm.

A on B at C in D of

( ) 30 He will speak ____ the meeting.

A on B in C at D for

用适当的介词填空。

1.They go to work ____bus every day.

2. Class is _____8in the morning_____4in the afternoon.

3. The train arrived ____ 11 ____Saterday.

4. What did you think _____the film?

5. Honey is good ____ health.

6. The teacher came in ____ a book ____her hand .

7.There is a big hole ____ his coat.

8.Thirty years has passed _____his father’s death.

9. ____English, he also studies history and Chinese.