艺术培训中心挣钱么:两种新发现的“大猫”----巽他云豹

来源Two forms of world\'s \'newest\' cat, the Sunda leopard
译者nalakuTwo forms of world's 'newest' cat, the Sunda leopard
By Matt Walker
Editor, Earth News
Did Bornean clouded leopards evolve new spots?
The "newest" cat species described to science, the Sunda clouded leopard, actually exists in two distinct forms, scientists have confirmed.科学家证实，新发现的猫种-----巽他云豹实际上存在两个不同的品种。
This big cat is so enigmatic that researchers only realised it was a new species - distinct from clouded leopards living elsewhere in Asia - in 2007. The first footage of the cat in the wild to made public was only released last year.
这种大猫行踪诡异，过去4年，研究人员只意识到这是一个新品种，与生活在亚洲的其他云豹不同。这种猫科动物的视频片段是在去年公布的。
Now a genetic analysis has confirmed that the cat comes in two forms, one living in Sumatra, the other on Borneo.
如今，对这种大猫的基因分析已证实它们分为两支，一种生活在苏门答腊，另一种则分布于婆罗洲云
Clouded leopards are the most elusive of all the big cats, which include lions, tigers, jaguars, snow leopards and normal spotted leopards.
在大型猫科动物如：狮子、老虎、美洲豹、雪豹及普通斑点豹中，云豹是最具隐蔽性的一种。
So far we can only speculate about the specific course of events in the evolution of the clouded leopard
Joerns Fickel
Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research
Living across south-east Asia, into China and India, the leopards have larger cloud-like spots than ordinary leopards.
它们的生活范围包括东南亚、中国和印度。与其他豹不同，它们身上有大块云样斑纹。
Until 2006, all clouded leopards were thought to belong to a single species.
截至2006年，所有云豹都被认为属于一个单一品种
However, genetic studies revealed that there are actually two quite distinct clouded leopard species.
然而，基因研究揭示了两个不同云豹种类的存在。
as well as the better known clouded leopard living on the Asian mainland (Neofelis nebulosa), scientists determined that a separate clouded leopard species lives on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.
除了稍为人所知生活在亚洲大陆的云豹外，科学家确定一个云豹的亚种生活在苏门答腊岛和加里曼丹岛
The two species are thought to have diverged over one million years ago.
这两种云豹大约一百多万年前分道扬镳
This leopard is now known as the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi), though it was previously and erroneously called the Bornean clouded leopard.
这种现被定名为巽他云豹的豹子此前曾被错误地称为婆罗洲云豹
 
Since 2008, it has been listed as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
自2008年起，它被国际自然及自然资源保护联盟l列为濒危物种
In 2010, a team of scientists working in the Dermakot Forest Reserve in Malaysia released the first footage of the cat in the wild to be made public.
2010年，一队在马来西亚dermakot森林保护区工作的科学家公开了在野外发现的这种大猫的视频片段。
 
Led by Mr Andreas Wilting of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, Germany, the researchers captured images of a Sunda clouded leopard walking along a road.
研究队由位于柏林的德国莱布尼兹学院动物园及野生动物研究的安德里亚斯维尔汀先生领导，他们拍到了一只巽他云豹沿路散步的镜头
Now Mr Wilting and colleagues have published new research which reveals even more about this mysterious cat.
现在维尔汀和同事们公开了有关这种神秘大猫的研究。
They sampled 15 Sunda clouded leopards living on Borneo and 16 living in Sumatra, conducting molecular and genetic studies to reveal their origin.
它们从15只婆罗洲巽他云豹和16只苏门答腊巽他云豹身上采样，做分子基因研究，以揭示它们的起源。
The researchers also examined the skulls of 28 further Sunda clouded leopards and the fur coats of 20 specimens held in museums, as well as the coats of cats photographed on both islands. 研究人员对28个云豹头骨和20件博物馆豹皮大衣样品及照片进行细查。
"Although we suspected that Sunda clouded leopards on Borneo and Sumatra have likely been geographically separated since the last Ice Age, it was not known whether this long isolation had caused them to split up into separate sub-species," explains Wilting.
“尽管我们怀疑婆罗洲和苏门答腊的巽他云豹可能在上次冰川时期就已从地理上分开。”维尔汀解释说，“是否是长期的地理隔离导致它们分成了两个不同的亚种。”

But his team's analysis confirms that the latest "new" species of cat to be discovered actually comes in two forms, a Bornean subspecies N. d. borneensis and the Sumatran subspecies N. d. diardi. 而他的研究队的分析研究结果证实，最近发现的新品种存在两个类型-----婆罗州亚种和苏门答腊亚种。
Their results are published in the journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
他们的成果发表在杂志《分子种系遗传与进化》上
 
The differences aren't obvious: the Sunda clouded leopards on Borneo and Sumatra look alike. 他们的差别并不明显：在这两个岛上生活的巽他云豹看起来很像
Both cats have similar patterned coats as they live in similar jungle habitats, the researchers suspect. 研究人员认为由于生活在相似的雨林环境，这两种大猫的皮毛有着近似纹样。
But as well as being genetically distinct, the clouded leopards on both islands are also morphologically different, having unique features in their skulls and teeth. 然而除了基因上的不同，这两种云豹在形态上也不同，在头骨和牙齿上独特的特征
It is unclear what caused the Sunda clouded leopard to evolve into two forms.
是什么导致了巽他云豹进化上的分野还不得而知。
"So far we can only speculate about the specific course of events in the evolution of the clouded leopard," says team member Joerns Fickel, also at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research. “我们目前只能推测云豹进化过程中的特定环节”同样来自莱布尼兹研究院的队员joens fickel说。
But the researchers think that a volcanic eruption on Sumatra 75,000 years ago may have wiped out most clouded leopards. 不过，研究人员认为7万5千年前苏门答腊的火山喷发可能使大部分云豹灭亡。
One group survived in China and colonised the rest of mainland Asia.
一部分在中国幸存下来并扩撒到亚洲大陆的其他地方。
Another hung on in Borneo, becoming the Sunda clouded leopard. This evolved into two types after a group colonised Sumatra via glacial land bridges, and then became cut off as sea levels rose.
其余的只留在婆罗洲，成为巽他云豹。一部分经冰川路桥扩散到苏门答腊，随后海平面上升，巽他云豹就此进化出两个支系。
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