零之使魔在哪个网站看:认识你的身体：脑（图）

Making sense of the brain's mind-boggling complexity isn't easy. What we do know is that it's the organ that makes us human, giving people the capacity for art, language, moral judgments, and rational thought. It's also responsible for each individual's personality, memories, movements, and how we sense the world.

弄清脑令人震惊的复杂结构不是一件容易的事。我们知道的只是他是使我们成为人类的一个器官，赋予人们艺术、语言、道德评判与更改思考的能力。它也决定着一个人的品格、记忆、运动和我们的世界观。

All this comes from a jellylike mass of fat and protein weighing about 3 pounds (1.4 kilograms). It is, nevertheless, one of the body's biggest organs, consisting of some 100 billion nerve cells that not only put together thoughts and highly coordinated physical actions but regulate our unconscious body processes, such as digestion and breathing.

所有这一切都来自于重约3磅（1.4千克）的果冻状的大量的脂肪和蛋白质组成。然而，它并不是人体最大的器官，但却由约1亿个神经细胞组成，它不仅把思想整理到一起、高度调节躯体运动，而且还调节我们无意识的躯体运动过程，比如：消化和呼吸。

The brain's nerve cells are known as neurons, which make up the organ's so-called "gray matter." The neurons transmit and gather electrochemical signals that are communicated via a network of millions of nerve fibers called dendrites and axons. These are the brain's "white matter."

大脑的神经细胞被称为神经元，它组成器官的所称的“灰质”。神经原传递和聚集通过上百万的神经纤维和轴突传导的电化学信号。它们被称作大脑的“白质”。1

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, accounting for 85 percent of the organ's weight. The distinctive, deeply wrinkled outer surface is the cerebral cortex, which consists of gray matter. Beneath this lies the white matter. It's the cerebrum that makes the human brain—and therefore humans—so formidable. Whereas animals such as elephants, dolphins, and whales have larger brains, humans have the most developed cerebrum. It's packed to capacity inside our skulls, enveloping the rest of the brain, with the deep folds cleverly maximizing the cortex area.

端脑是大脑最大的部分，约为该器官重量的85%。独特而深深的由沟回组成的表面是大脑皮层，它组成灰质。在它的下面是白质。正是端脑让人类的大脑——因此人类——如此强大。然而动物们比如：大象、海豚和鲸鱼拥有更大的大脑，而人类有最发达的端脑。它紧密的排列在头盖骨下，把大脑其余的部分包围起来，深深的沟回最大化的扩大了灰质的范围。1

The cerebrum has two halves, or hemispheres. It is further divided into four regions, or lobes, in each hemisphere. The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are involved with speech, thought, learning, emotion, and movement. Behind them are the parietal lobes, which process sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. At the rear of the brain are the occipital lobes, dealing with vision. Lastly, there are the temporal lobes, near the temples, which are involved with hearing and memory.

大脑有两半部分或两个半球组成。每个半球它又进一步分化为四个区域或四个脑叶。额叶在前额的后面，关系到语言、思想、学习、情绪和运动；在它的后面是顶叶，它主要处理感觉信息，比如触觉、温度和痛觉；大脑的后部是枕叶，它处理视觉信息；最后面是颞叶，它在太阳穴附近，关系到听觉和记忆。

Movement and Balance

运动和平衡

The second largest part of the brain is the cerebellum, which sits beneath the back of the cerebrum. It is responsible for coordinating muscle movement and controlling our balance. Consisting of both grey and white matter, the cerebellum transmits information to the spinal cord and other parts of the brain.

大脑中第二大部位是小脑，位于大脑半球的后方。它负责调节肌肉运动和控制身体平衡。它由灰质和白质组成，小脑把信息传递到脊髓和大脑的其他部位。

The diencephalon is located in the core of the brain. A complex of structures roughly the size of an apricot, the two major sections are the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus acts as a relay station for incoming nerve impulses from around the body that are then forwarded to the appropriate brain region for processing. The hypothalamus controls hormone secretions from the nearby pituitary gland. These hormones govern growth and instinctual behavior such as eating, drinking, sex, anger, and reproduction. The hypothalamus, for instance, controls when a new mother starts to lactate.

间脑位于大脑的中心位置。一个复杂的大约有杏仁大小的结构，两个主要的部分分别是丘脑和下丘脑。丘脑扮演中转站的角色，它把来自周身的神经冲动进一步传递到大脑适当的区域进行处理加工；下丘脑控制附近脑下垂体分泌激素。这些激素支配身体的生长和一些本能行为，比如：吃饭、饮水、性爱、愤怒和生殖。举例来说，下丘脑控制着一个新妈妈何时开始分泌乳汁。

The brain stem, at the organ's base, controls reflexes and crucial, basic life functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. It also regulates when you feel sleepy or awake.

脑干位于器官的底部，它控制反射和重要的、基础的生命功能，比如心率、呼吸和血压。它还调节你的睡眠和清醒状态。 

The brain is extremely sensitive and delicate, and so requires maximum protection. This is provided by the surrounding skull and three tough membranes called meninges. The spaces between these membranes are filled with fluid that cushions the brain and keeps it from being damaged by contact with the inside of the skull.

大脑是十分敏感又易损坏的，所以需要我们给予最大程度的保护。它被包围着的颅骨和三层坚韧的细胞膜被称作脑（脊）膜保护着。在脑（脊）膜之间的空间里充满了液体可以缓和大脑的冲击并防止因为接触到内部颅骨而受损害。

以下是一些截图：