龙珠隔壁老王和洞主:就职现场人山人海 奥巴马手按圣经宣誓（图）

就职现场人山人海 奥巴马手按圣经宣誓（图）   文章提供 于 2009-1-20 13:44:15 (北京时间: 2009-1-21 2:44:15) 阅读时出现乱码？ 解决办法
　　美国东部时间12时（北京时间21日1点），总统奥巴马手按林肯当年宣誓时所用的《圣经》宣誓就职，美国最高法院首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨在一旁公正。

　　奥巴马在就职演讲中强调：“美国是每一个国家和每一个人的朋友……我们准备再度担起领导的责任，美国必须在引领新和平时代中发挥作用。”奥巴马还在演讲中发誓，他要消除美国的国内政治纷争与党派之争。

　　在最高法院法官约翰.保罗.史蒂文斯陪同下，副总统拜登宣誓就职完成。拜登取代切尼继任美国副总统，预示着美国历史上的一大转折。

　　切尼是坚定的主战派，并主张对嫌疑恐怖分子严刑逼供，力主布什政府应把保障国家安全当成第一要务。拜登曾指切尼“撕碎了美国宪法”，其程度比美国近代当选的任何一名政要都要厉害。

　　根据美国宪法，若奥巴马任期内出现无法继续担任总统的情况，副总统拜登即会递补出任美国总统。

　　19日，拜登在接受美国著名脱口秀节目《奥普拉秀》采访时，曾说道，他和奥巴马是合作伙伴，并称他曾对奥巴马说，“除非你想征求我的意见，否则你无需担心我的态度。在你做每一个重要决定的时候，我是你最不需要担心的一个人。你是美国总统，你做的任何决定，我都支持。”

　　拜登任特拉华州参议员36年，是外交和国家安全事务方面的专家。他曾游历许多国家，同很多国家的领导人都熟识。作为公认的民主党温和自由派人士，他曾投票赞成布什政府发动伊拉克战争，但后来承认这是一个错误，并一直呼吁及早制订从伊撤军时间表。他曾在1998年和2008年两次参与美国总统竞选，但都惨遭败绩。

　　拜登拜登出身工人家庭，经常谈论蓝领阶层的美德。18日在林肯纪念堂的庆祝活动上，拜登再次提到了这点，他说人们都应该勤奋工作、自信自尊以及对父辈心怀感激。拜登的一个缺点就是讲话冗长复杂，经常因说话随便而陷入麻烦。奥巴马也曾称拜登讲话“词藻过于华丽”。


1月20日，在美国首都华盛顿，大批观众准备观看奥巴马就职典礼。美国联邦调查局此前预计，单是聆听奥巴马就职演说的美国民众就将超过100万人

　　附一：就职典礼程序

　　美国东部时间1月20日早上10点（北京时间1月20日晚上11点）：美国海军陆战队将奏军乐，旧金山男童合唱团和女童合唱团将演唱歌曲。当地时间早上11点（北京时间1月21日零时）：奥巴马和他的家人抵达现场。

　　早上11点30分（北京时间1月21日凌晨0时30分）：奥巴马将在美国最高法院首席大法官约翰罗伯茨的主持下宣誓就职，他将举起右手，将左手放在林肯曾使用过的一本圣经上宣誓。宣誓完毕后，奥巴马接管“核足球”，它是一个黑色公文包，里面装有高度机密文件和美国总统发动核袭击所需要的指令程序。

　　宣誓后，奥巴马将发表他生命中最重要的讲演。奥巴马讲演结束后，海军陆战队军乐队将奏《向统帅致敬》，黑人诗人伊丽莎白亚历山大将朗读专门为奥巴马就职所写的诗歌。随后，奥巴马将陪他的前任布什总统及其夫人前往正在等待他们的直升机。

　　官方午餐将在国会大厦的雕塑厅举行，200名宾客将参加午餐会。他们包括最高法院法官、奥巴马内阁成员、来访的各国领导人。

　　现场 就职演说将突出“责任”

　　美国当选总统贝拉克奥巴马定于20日宣誓就职。最新民意调查显示，公众对奥巴马就职演说期待非常高。奥巴马的高级顾问戴维阿克塞尔罗德18日透露，这篇演说将围绕“个人责任”这一概念展开。

　　阿克塞尔罗德当天上午接受美国广播公司《本周访谈》节目采访时说，“责任”一直是奥巴马政治生涯主题。从奥巴马2004年当选伊利诺伊州联邦参议员至今，“这一主题不但贯穿整个总统竞选活动，也贯穿他的公众生活”。阿克塞尔罗德说，自己对奥巴马就职演说“充满信心”，但没有预言那将成为“伟大演说”，不过，奥巴马的大女儿马莉娅却向父亲“施加压力”。

　　奥巴马当天告诉美国有线电视新闻网（CNN），他们全家周末参观林肯纪念堂时，妻子米歇尔为女儿马莉娅和萨莎讲解林肯葛底斯堡演说和第二次就职演说的涵义，其间，马莉娅突然对他说，“第一位非洲裔美国人总统（演说）应该更好些。”

　　花絮 奥巴马就职典礼 考验手机运营商

　　贝拉克奥巴马即将于20日就任美国总统。美国《纽约时报》网络版19日报道，由于担心现场观礼群众频繁用手机，以致超出网络承载力，手机运营商开始增加手机网络容量，同时希望人们尽量少用手机。

　　一些大型活动中，如体育赛事、演唱会，观众使用手机时常遇到电话掉线、照片丢失、短信延迟发送的情况。这是因为人们当时都想通过手机与他人分享活动现场的场景，从而导致网络过于繁忙。

　　预计观礼者中年轻人会占绝大部分，正是他们这一代人热衷用手机上传图片、音视频。


1月20日，为观看奥巴马就职典礼的群众在广场露宿

　　幕后 布什、奥氏民调“冰火两重天”

　　美国各大媒体18日公布的多份民意调查结果显示，即将就任的当选总统贝拉克奥巴马人气堪称战后60多年来最高，而行将卸任的总统乔治W布什支持率可能打破最低纪录。

　　85％的受访者期待奥巴马就职演说将会“极好”或“很好”。这比布什2001年首次就任时高24个百分点。相比之下，68％的受访者以“失败”评价布什过去8年的表现。其中，44％的受访者认为，这是布什个人缺点所致。31％的受访者以“成功”评价布什。

　　46％的受访者认为布什“差劲”，只有3％的受访者认为布什是美国历史上最伟大的总统。《纽约时报》和哥伦比亚广播公司公布的民调说，只有22％的受访者认可布什执政期间表现，创历史新低。

　　《华盛顿邮报》和美国广播公司联合进行的民调中，这一数字为33％，自二战结束以来，只有尼克松和哈里杜鲁门在离开白宫时支持率比布什更低。

　　大型音乐会庆祝奥巴马就职

　　数十万美国民众18日下午齐聚首都华盛顿林肯纪念堂前的国家广场，参加庆祝当选总统贝拉克奥巴马就职的大型音乐会，规模空前。

　　这场音乐会名为“我们是一体：林肯纪念堂开幕就职庆典”，演员阵容强大，众多演艺界明星云集，共同演绎了一场爱国主义音乐会。

　　摇滚巨星布鲁斯斯普林斯廷以一曲《升起》拉开音乐会帷幕。这首歌曾在2001年美国遭受恐怖袭击后以鼓舞士气风靡全美，这次则用来宣告美国政治进入新时代。斯普林斯廷也深得奥巴马欣赏，曾在为他竞选筹款的晚会上演唱过《升起》。

　　著名歌星玛丽J布里奇、U2乐队和现年89岁的歌手皮特泽格等纷纷登台助兴。观众其间不时跟着歌唱、舞动，奥巴马也随音乐或唱或打节拍，大女儿马莉娅则用相机记录下一幕幕精彩瞬间。

　　影星丹泽尔华盛顿、汤姆汉克斯、杰米福克斯、奎恩拉蒂法和世界头号高尔夫球手泰格伍兹则相继上台朗诵历史名篇，或纪念任内颁布《解放奴隶宣言》的前总统亚伯拉罕林肯，或回顾美国以往的奋斗历程。

　　奥巴马和妻子开场前手挽手走下纪念堂台阶时，全场已是掌声雷动、欢呼声阵阵；他在演出后的登台演讲更是为热烈的现场气氛再添“一把火”。

　　重燃希望

　　“在我们正前方，一池水仍折射出（马丁路德）金的梦想，折射出为让子孙能以人品获评判而浴血前行的民族荣光，”站在林肯雕像前的奥巴马说，“在我身后，坐着一位曾尽全力让这一天成为可能的伟人，正看着自己挽救过的联盟。”

　　林肯纪念堂与华盛顿纪念碑之间有一潭长618米的长方形水池。黑人领袖马丁路德金1963年在纪念堂前发表著名演说《我有一个梦想》，而19日恰逢美国纪念马丁路德金的节日。

　　奥巴马接着说，赋予他最大希望的“不是今天包围我们的石头和大理石，而是身处其间的你们——不分种族、地区和身份，因为坚信这个国家能够实现梦想并想帮我们达成那一愿望而来这里”。

　　他提醒道，战争和经济危机向美国提出巨大挑战，解决起来可能颇费时日，但“我们如果能认清自己、团结一致”，“不仅将重建希望与机遇，还可能在这一过程中让我们的联盟日臻完美”。现场民众人山人海，绕水池挤满两三公里长的国家广场，部分观众甚至爬到了树上。远离舞台的观众只能通过散落在广场上的大屏幕观看。

　　看重“第一日” 撤军救市是重点

　　奥巴马21日将迎来上任后第一个工作日。奥巴马格外重视“第一日”。他的高级顾问18日透露，这位白宫新主人将从当天开始处理结束伊拉克战争、刺激经济复苏等重大内政外交问题。

　　奥巴马看重“第一日”的象征意义。他将从这一天开始兑现竞选承诺。高级顾问戴维阿克塞尔罗德18日上午接受美国广播公司（ABC）“本周访谈”节目采访时说，从当天开始，奥巴马将在16个月内完成美军撤离伊拉克进程。

　　奥巴马去年6月在一次竞选演说中说：“我上任第一天将召开参谋长联席会议，向他们布置一项新任务：以负责、谨慎、果断的方式结束这场战争。”

　　此外，重振经济将是奥巴马上任第一日以至头百日的首要任务。阿克塞尔罗德说，奥巴马上任后将立刻向银行业发出强烈信号：“重新放贷”。“最重要的一点是让信贷重新流动，让全国各地企业、家庭获得贷款。但首批3500亿美元并没有这样花。”“这些钱应当用于借贷，我们必须确保它们没有变成 CEO（首席执行官）的薪水或分红。”他说。


美国华盛顿，奥巴马就职典礼现场

　　总统就职日：为何选在1月20日？

　　每当新总统当选后，便要举行总统就职典礼。这是美国政治生活中一项重大的庆典。总统就职日定在1月20日，其中还是很有讲究的。

　　实际上，并不是所有的美国总统都是在1月20日就职的。第一位美国总统乔治华盛顿是在1789年4月30日就职，当时就职地点还是曾经的首都纽约。实际上，华盛顿当时原定的就职时间是3月4日，但由于各州统计选票的时间长达近4个月，就职时间不得不延后。此后近150年的时间里，美国总统就职日一直固定在3月4日。

　　当初，美国宪法规定总统就职日定在3月4日主要是因为美国在选举年11月大选选出的是各州“总统选举人”，此后再由“选举人”于规定的时间在各州直接投票选举总统，选票进行封闭汇集，送交国会于第二年年初进行公开点验计算，最后正式公布选举结果。这在18世纪末期交通尚不发达的年代里是相当耗费时日的。

　　美国总统就职日的改变还是1933年之后的事情。1933年通过的美国宪法修正案第20条规定，总统宣誓就职的日期和时间修改成华盛顿当地时间的1月20日中午。

　　修改主要是出于以下考虑：第一，新总统越早上任，越能尽快介入国家事务的处理。1933年大萧条期间，当选总统富兰克林罗斯福与胡佛总统之间的权力交接太迟缓，影响了美国对危机的应对。第二，随着蒸汽机车等新科技的发明，国会可以确保在1月份就提前结束对选举人票的统计。1937年，罗斯福总统成为第一位在1月20日宣誓就职的美国总统。

　　个人魅力不能造面包

　　1月20日，奥巴马终于“履新”。许多美国人将充满希冀的目光投向了他，但一个人的能量终归有限，不可能成为解决所有问题的灵丹妙药，哪怕他是美国总统。

　　美国国内亟待解决的是不断纵深化的经济危机。在此危难之际，各方都希望奥巴马可如竞选时承诺的那样，为美国带来一场变革，让昔日光荣迅速回归。可惜，这很可能是南柯一梦。

　　奥巴马自强好学、具有一定的个人魅力，但能力与魅力都不是制造力，造不出面包。而其仅仅担任过州与联邦参议员的从政经历，显然尚未有机会在经济领域有所建树。如今在美国经济风雨飘摇之际，奥巴马的首要任务只能是保持稳定，然后才是谋发展，任用“前朝大臣”便成为一种无奈的选择。变革？说说而已，真正实行与否必须在立稳足跟之后。

　　在外交领域，奥巴马短期内也难有突破。以色列从加沙地带撤军也许是“礼貌致敬”，给了奥巴马一个面子。但中东危局依然存在，战火随时可重燃。至于伊拉克与阿富汗“战场”，越临近上台的奥巴马越沉默，不再如从前那般表示“友好”，不再高调张扬撤军时间表——年深日久的矛盾因一个人改变，在讲求契约与程序的美国，绝无可能。

　　还有美俄对抗。从美国此次“悄悄”介入俄乌“斗气”，乌克兰在与美国签订有关天然气管道升级条约、不断挑战俄罗斯与欧盟天然气消费国的忍受力后，最终还是选择与俄罗斯缔约就能看出：于乌克兰而言“远交近攻”虽是好谋略，但远方的美元还是不敌近旁的天然气。

　　诸如此类，说明美国的影响力虽仍为“头号大国”，但其实力已趋式微。奥巴马的一己之力，无法改变任何一件外交大事的趋势与格局，至多在一些细节上有所“亲和”。

　　有没有奥巴马，美国也都还是那个美国；个人的魅力不是面包，也造不出面包。


奥巴马宣誓就职

　　奥巴马就职：美国新时代开始

　　美国人涌入首都华盛顿，庆祝美国第一位黑人总统就职。但是，鉴于美国正处于大萧条以来最严重的一场经济危机，同时进行着两场战争，预计奥巴马(Barack Obama)将在周二午间宣誓就职时，呼吁美国人民接受新的责任观。

　　1月20日的总统就职典礼上可能会有200万名现场观众，将是华盛顿有史以来规模最大的集会之一。另有成百上千万美国及世界各地的观众将通过公共广场上设置的户外大屏幕收看就职仪式。奥巴马将把手放在曾属于林肯(Abraham Lincoln)的《圣经》上宣誓就职，林肯是上一位来自伊利诺伊州的总统。

　　美国第44位总统奥巴马将站在国会大厦前宣誓就职，在两英里外正对着它的林肯纪念堂，45年前马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)曾呼吁美国人民以品格而非肤色来评判人。奥巴马周一庆祝了马丁·路德·金日，街上的小商贩叫卖将两位黑人领袖并排放在一起的纪念品。

　　预计周二华盛顿不会有太多的公务。新任总统的工作将从周三开始，也就是他上任后的第一个整天。助手们说，新任总统的首要行动之一将是招来国家安全小组，开始准备为期16个月的从伊拉克撤军行动，这也是奥巴马在两年的竞选活动中的主要承诺之一。

　　这只是诸多新政策中的一项，象征华盛顿结束布什(George W. Bush)为期8年的共和党统治后即将发生的变革。几天内，预计奥巴马还将发布政令，着手关闭古巴关塔那莫湾(Guantanamo Bay)的监狱，这是布什政府反恐战争行动中最有争议的问题；他还将取消布什对将联邦资金用于胚胎干细胞研究的限制，并恢复对海外计划生育项目的资助。

　　一位助手说，在经济领域，奥巴马政府很可能会很快发布新的法规，迫使华尔街接受了救助资金的机构在资金使用上更加透明。最困难的金融机构不会被迫立刻放贷，不过财务状况较好的银行将承受压力，必须把钱从保险库里转投到经济中。这位助手说，透明将带来很大的转变。

　　总统就职典礼将上周末的庆祝活动推上了高潮，官员们预计最多将有200万人在国家广场(National Mall)现场观看。典礼将进入华盛顿规模最大的活动之列，其他的还有1963年3月马丁·路德·金在华盛顿的游行，1965年林登·约翰逊 (Lyndon Johnson)的就职典礼，以及60年代反越战抗议活动。

　　沿着草坪已经设置了大屏幕。观众也被告诫要为预报将接近零度的气温做好保暖工作。很多观众都是从全国各地坐大客车来的。周一下午国家广场已经是人山人海，大客车被堵在车流中，游客都在拍照片。参观者要穿过错综复杂的人流控制路障，走过数十个叫卖有奥巴马头像的手表、T恤衫和《蜘蛛侠》漫画书。

　　来自肯塔基州39岁的非裔美国人大卫·里德(David Reed)正在销售连环画。他说，如果你是黑人，一位黑人总统就是你所有的期望。来自北卡罗来纳州的布里特·罗德(Britt Loudd)说，作为选区的组织者，她为竞选打了2,200多个电话。她的三个孩子和她一起在华盛顿担任志愿者。罗德说，没说的，我们必须到这里来。

　　奥巴马周一谈到了他将在就职典礼上传达的讯息：在经历了多年痛苦的两党政治纷争之后，是时候建立新的公众服务观和国家团结观。奥巴马说，鉴于我们所处的危机和如此多的人所经历的苦难，我们不能允许任何游手好闲者。每一个人都要参与进来。每一个人都要努力投入。我认为美国人民对此做好了准备。奥巴马是在为无家可归少年设置的避难所Sasha Bruce House粉刷宿舍的间隙说这番话的。

　　就职典礼当天，奥巴马将先在白宫同布什共进咖啡。就职典礼后将先参加在国会的午餐会，然后是有高中军乐队、仪仗队和彩车的游行。晚上还有10个官方就职舞会和数不清的非正式晚会。在就职典礼上，奥巴马挑选的内阁成员将在他的后排就坐，其中包括预计周二晚间将获准担任国务卿的希拉里(Hillary Rodham Clinton)。此外还有他的竞选对手共和党参议员麦凯恩(John McCain)。

　　美国最高法院首席大法官罗伯兹(John Roberts)将主持奥巴马的宣誓就职仪式，此前当选副总统拜登(Joe Biden)将在最高法院法官史蒂文斯(John Paul Stevens)的主持下宣誓就职。布什总统也将出席，在就职典礼后立即离开，乘坐海军直升飞机到机场换机飞往德州。在那里布什将开始他作为前总统的人生下一个篇章。在奥巴马发表演讲前，福音派教会牧师沃伦(Rick Warren)将主持祈祷。这样的选择激怒了同性恋权益活动者，但却显示出新总统有意接触到不在其政治阵营中的所有美国人。

　　在整个竞选过程中，奥巴马一直强调，在911恐怖袭击后，美国应该团结起来，服务社会，相反，却滑向满足和享乐。他的首个政治承诺之一就是每年35亿美元的服务计划，将把克林顿(Bill Clinton)总统建立的美国服务队(AmeriCorps)扩大到25万人，到2011年前将和平队(Peace Corps)的规模增加一倍，扩大外交人员队伍，建立能源队(Energy Corps)从事可再生能源和环境清理项目。

　　在周一的讲话中，奥巴马再次谈到了团结和自力的主题。他向柯立芝高中(Coolidge High)的志愿者说，我作为下一届总统向你们承诺，我们会让政府发挥作用。但我自己做不到这些。米歇尔自己也做不到。政府只能做到这么多了……如果我们只是坐等其他人做事，那就会一事无成。

　　布什在卸任的前一天又被人仍鞋了

　　19日是美国总统布什在任最后一日，约500名反战人士当天游行到白宫门口，向白宫大门扔鞋。报道称，这些反战人士向白宫大闸扔了约40双鞋，他们此举是为支持上月向布什双鞋的伊拉克记者。

　　另据报道，布什19日同多国领导人通话道别，表示与他们合作愉快。

　　白宫一名发言人表示，布什向其他国家领导人对他多年来的支持表示感谢，并称在八年任期间与他们合作很愉快。

　　BBC报道称，布什在离开白宫时也许不能算一个彻底的失败者，但至少是一个非常不受欢迎的离任总统。最新民调结果显示，布什总统的受欢迎程度和前总统尼克松在被迫下台前的受欢迎程度差不多。

　　附二：奥巴马就职演讲全文

　　My fellow citizens:

　　I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

　　Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents.

　　So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.

　　That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

　　These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land -- a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

　　Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met.

　　On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

　　On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

　　We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

　　In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the fainthearted -- for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things -- some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor -- who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom.

　　For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.

　　For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.

　　For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.

　　Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

　　This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions -- that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

　　For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act -- not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.

　　Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions -- who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

　　What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them -- that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works -- whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account -- to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day -- because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

　　Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control -- and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart -- not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

　　As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: Know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

　　Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

　　We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort -- even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

　　For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.

　　To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West: Know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.

　　To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.

　　As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment -- a moment that will define a generation -- it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

　　For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

　　Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends -- hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -- these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility -- a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.

　　This is the price and the promise of citizenship.

　　This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.

　　This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed -- why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent Mall, and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.

　　So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:

　　“Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it].”

　　America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested, we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
来源: 综合