高三逆袭北大:微博：消息传播的新途径

The unwary can find themselves engulfed in a maelstrom of criticism, He Wei reports.

你可能不知不觉就已经掉入舆论的漩涡里。   贺威（He Wei）报道

Ziqian (not his real name, but an avatar he uses online) is in Paris working on his master's degree, but he stays in close touch with his contacts in China through Sina Corp's Weibo, a micro blog platform. It was a pleasant way to keep up with acquaintances. But that all changed when Ziqian quoted a blog post from an alumnus of his alma mater, Nanjing University, on July 5. It said the school did not organize students to sing Red songs ahead of July 1, the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Ziqian suddenly found himself inundated with comments from enraged bloggers whom he didn't know. He had lost all integrity, they said.

Ziqian（不是真实名字，只是网名而已），是一位在巴黎读硕的留学生，他平时会通过新浪微博与国内的朋友保持着联系，这是一个与熟人保持联系的好方式。但是有一天，美好而平凡的生活被打破了，皆因Ziqian在7月5日转发了一条他母校南京大学的一位男校友的微博。那条微博说南京大学并没有在“七一”共产党建党90周年纪念日之前组织学生唱“红歌”。转发之后，Ziqian发现他的微博被大量不知名的网民愤怒的评论所包围，那些人说Ziqian的诚信完全缺失了。

Ziqian spent the whole night arguing with one netizen who assailed him with insults. He was left feeling tired and puzzled.

Ziqian用了一整晚的时间和一位人身攻击他的网民理论，结束之后他感到非常疲倦和困惑。

He said he would have given up micro-blogging altogether as "purely useless", but he uses it to stay in touch with his girlfriend.

Ziqian说他可能会放弃写微博，因为微博对他来说已经“完全失去意义”了，但他表示还是会以微博来跟他女友交流。

Micro-blogging has been growing rapidly, dwarfing the many other forms of social networking that came into being only three or four years ago.

微博的发展非常迅速，它的出现使近三、四年的各种网络社交方式都黯然失色。

Famed for spreading messages almost instantly and supervising the doings of agencies and organizations, micro blogs have already won some notable battles.

微博以消息传播速度快以及可监督各种机构组织工作的特点而闻名，正因这两个特点，微博已经打赢了一些知名的“战斗”（译者注：意是微博通过一些事件变得名声大噪）。

In March, micro-bloggers persuaded the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to spare 600 old trees that were to be cut down; they also organized assistance to earthquake victims in Japan.

在今年三月，一些博主通过微博，使得江苏省南京市的600棵准备被砍的古树得以继续生存；在日本大地震发生后，一些博主也通过微博来帮助地震中受灾者。

In July, they brought the Red Cross Society of China and other philanthropies under scrutiny.

在七月，他们又通过微博揭发了中国红十字会的丑闻，使得红十字会以及其他慈善机构都必须在公众监督下运行。

But, like everything in life, there is also a downside to micro-blogging.

然而，像生命中所有事物一样，有得定必有失，微博也有一些缺点。

In the Weibo-dominated virtual world, Ziqian's experience has proved a common occurrence. A 28-year-old woman, surnamed Zhang, who declined to disclose her full name, works at a TV station in Jiangsu province. She recounted her recent encounter with online abusive remarks.

在微博支配的虚拟世界里，Ziqian的经历也预示着一些普遍性的事件发生。一位不愿意透露名字的28岁张姓女子，她在江苏省的一家电视台里工作，她给我们叙述了她最近在网上被人谩骂的事。

After watching a popular talent show, Zhang wrote half-jokingly online - without using her real name - that the program was boring and lacked imagination. Regarding herself as an "industry insider", Zhang believed her reasoning had some objective basis.

在看完一个广受欢迎的才艺比赛节目之后，张女士以半开玩笑的语气发布了一条微博（并没有用她的真名）—“这个节目太闷了，一点创新都没有”。考虑到她是一位“业内人士”，她觉得自己的观点还是比较客观的。

Nevertheless, she was soon confronted with a wave of criticism, some of it vulgar, saying she had no appreciation for the arts.

然而，她很快就遭到一波又一波的批评，一些评论还比较粗俗，说她根本不懂欣赏艺术。

"I was very depressed by the comments. It's like you get kidnapped by mainstream opinion," she said. "I lost the desire to share my views with others."

“我看到这些评论就感到很失落，这就像是被主流思想绑架了一样，”她说。“我再也不会跟其他人分享我的观点了。”

"I respect the freedom of speech doctrine, and everyone is allowed to publicize his or her thoughts," Zhang wrote in a separate post. "But don't hurl random assaults at others and take for granted that whatever you say is truth."

“我尊重言论自由，我觉得每个人都有权利去公开自己的想法，”张女士在另一条微博写道。“但不要随便对别人人身攻击，不要理所当然地认为你说的一切都是对的。”

Micro blogs have also made some ordinary people famous, though not in the way they would like.

微博也令到一些平凡的人突然变得家喻户晓，可是都不是通过他们想要的方式而出名。

Zhang Mingyi, 22, is one such person.

22岁的张铭依就是这样的一个例子。

After appearing on a dating show on Shanghai-based Dragon TV, she said her micro blog inboxes were filled every day with letters lashing out at her, because of her open enthusiasm for Japanese culture and a failed marriage.

在上海东方卫视（Shanghai-based Dragon TV）的一个婚恋交友节目出现后，她说她微博的收信箱每天都会堆满痛斥她的信件，大概由于是她在节目中公开对日本文化的热爱以及其一段失败的婚姻。

Some netizens are relentless in their resentment of her. Even her micro blog followers received warnings to stay away from the "quisling". One such message read: "Go tell her to marry a Japanese man. Don't act so shamelessly in China".

一些网民无情地对她发泄心中的怒火，她微博的一些粉丝甚至收到了警告，叫她的粉丝远离张铭依这个“卖国贼”。有一条信息是这样写的：“叫她去嫁个日本人吧，别在中国装出一副厚颜无耻的嘴脸。”

                   网上的谣言已成为了博主和微博公司的共同烦恼

Similarly, Guo Meimei, now a household name, said she was being stalked and even threatened in early September, after she bragged in a micro blog post about her wealth and - untruthfully - claimed to hold a position at the Red Cross Society of China.

与张铭依拥有相似经历的人--郭美美，一个家喻户晓的名字，在她被微博曝光以中国红十字会的名义炫富之后，郭美美说她在九月初被人跟踪，甚至还恐吓她。

Bloggers launched a vast campaign boycotting a song she released online and an online game she endorsed. They satirized her plastic surgeries and gossiped about her whereabouts. In a recent interview with China Daily, Guo said the animosity she stirred was so intense that she had even considered suicide.

广大的博主发起抵制郭美美的活动，包括她在网上发行的一首歌以及她代言的网游。他们讽刺她做过整形手术，又不断人肉她的所在位置。在最近中国日报对她的一个访问中，郭美美表示网民对她的仇恨使她承受着巨大的压力，她甚至还考虑过要自杀。

"I feel like I am an enemy of the state," she said. "The truth is that I am just a stupid girl who did something really stupid. No matter what I do, nobody wants to forgive me."

“我感觉我变成了全民公敌了，”她说。“而真相是我只不过是一个傻妹子，做了一件非常愚蠢的事。但是无论我事后怎么补救，就是没有人打算要原谅我。”

Celebrities are more likely to become the targets of the word-of-mouth maelstrom online. Yang Lan, for instance, a famous TV anchorwoman, came under tremendous pressure as bloggers dug into her connections with China-Africa Hope Project, an organization set up by a prominent philanthropist, Lu Junqing, that became controversial because he empowered his 24-year-old daughter to manage the charity's substantial donated funds.

名人是最有可能成为网上舆论的目标，例如杨澜。杨澜是一个著名的电视节目主持人，由于网民把她与中非希望工程项目扯上联系，杨澜感到压力巨大。而中非希望工程项目在此前也是一个备受争议的话题，因为中非希望工程主席卢俊卿授权他24岁的女儿掌管中非希望工程的基金。

Bloggers questioned whether the purpose of Lu's initiative was charity or cashing in on donators. Rumors held sway on micro blogs.

网友质疑卢俊卿的初衷是慈善还是趁机利用捐赠这个名义去赚钱，各种谣言在微博上流传。

A recent study from University of Michigan suggests that it is crucial that people distinguish between the truth and unfounded rumors in online social media, where vast amounts of information are easily spread across a large network by sources of unverified authority.

密歇根大学（University of Michigan）最近的一份研究报告指出：人们对网上各路媒体发出的消息是真相还是谣言的判断是非常重要的，因为网络上每时每刻都传播着一大堆未经证实的各种消息。

According to Xie Gengyun, author of the 2010 China Micro Blog Annual Report and deputy dean at the Arts and Humanities Research Institute at Shanghai Jiaotong University, micro blogs can generate and spread unfounded rumors, such as the "Shanxi earthquake" and "Louis Cha's death".

根据上海交通大学人文艺术研究院院长谢耕耘在《2010中国微博年度报告》中的研究指出，微博能产生并传播无稽的消息，例如“山西地震”和“金庸已死”的不实谣言。

"Micro-bloggers are currently the better-educated people in China. But users will soon include those at the grassroots level, and the function of micro blogs will change from celebrity-watching to online socializing and venting about life's disappointments," Xie said.

“现在使用微博的用户通常都是中国里收过良好教育的人。但是很快草根阶层的用户也会来占据一席之地，而且届时微博的功能会从“明星狗仔队”变成全民网上社交，每个人都在网上吐苦水，”谢院长说道。

China's Internet, with more registered users than any other nation, is a lively forum for public opinion, said Xinhua News Agency. But "concocting rumors is itself a social malady, and the spread of rumors across the Internet presents a massive social threat."

根据新华社报道，中国互联网的注册网民比任何国家都要多，中国的互联网是公众活跃交流的场所。但是与此同时“捏造谣言这个行为是社会上的歪风，互联网上谣言的散播对于社会是一个巨大的威胁”。

The micro blog platform tends to breed more rumors and assaults than other channels because of the limited amount of characters each post can use, according to Xiong Yihan, a sociologist with Fudan University.

按照复旦大学社会学家熊易寒所说，微博平台看起来比其他渠道滋生更多的谣言和人身攻击行为，因为每条微博有限定的字数。

"The word limit has made it hard to present a balanced and fair opinion. Besides, posts with extreme views are more likely to be forwarded online, because they satisfy people's thirst for the unknown," Xiong said.

“字数的限制使得要发表一条和谐公正观点的微博变得困难。此外，发表带有极端观点的微博看来更受人欢迎，因为它们满足了人们对未知的好奇，”熊博士说。

Xiong said Internet companies should suspend the accounts of users who spread rumors or libelous statements.

熊博士表示互联网公司应该封掉散播谣言或者诽谤他人的用户帐户。