青花罐都不带盖吗:10个心理技巧帮你获得新工作

In a competitive marketplace it's harder than ever to stand out from others at interview.

     在激烈的市场竞争中，想在面试时脱颖而出比以前更难了。

You will have followed all the usual advice: researched the organisation beforehand, dressed professionally, arrived early, avoided vomiting on the interviewer and all the rest. Now you're starting to talk, how can you impress them?

 

    你要遵守下面的常用建议：提前了解一下你要面试的公司，身着正装，提前到达面试地点，避免呕吐在面试官和所有其余的人身上。然后你开始说话，怎么样你才能给你的面试官留下深刻的印象呢？

Hiring decisions are made on more than just skills and experience. It's also about gut feelings and instinctual reactions. All sorts of subtle psychological factors come into play; so here are ten techniques which can help you give the interviewer the feeling that you are the one.

    招聘决定不仅取决于技巧和经验，还有直觉和本能反应。所有微妙的心理因素都会产生作用。下面的10个技巧将在你面试中帮助你，让你觉得你就是他们要找的那个人。

1. Schmooze but don't self-promote

 1.闲谈但不要自夸

Schmoozing is good. One study looked at 116 students just out of college trying to get their first job.The students who did best at interview were the most ingratiating: they praised the organisation, complimented the interviewer, showed enthusiasm, discussed common interests, smiled and maintained eye contact.

    闲谈就很好。一项调查研究了116名刚从大学毕业找他们第一份工作的大学生。调查表明，在面试中表现最好的是那些最会说话的学生。他们称赞公司，赞美面试官，表现出极大的热情，讨论趣事，微笑并时刻保持着眼神的交流。

In contrast blatant self-promotion was surprisingly ineffective. It made little difference going on about skills, abilities and the positive events they'd been responsible for. It also didn't help much taking charge of the interview or having impressive university scores.

      相比之下，明目张胆地自我夸耀非常无效。这对你的技能，能力和你负责过的积极的事情没有一点增光作用。.对于成功应对面试或者获得不错的大学考试分数也没有很大的帮助。

So, although employers often say that work experience and qualifications are the most important factors in choosing the right person for the job, this study begs to differ. What most predicted whether they were considered a fit for the company was their ability to schmooze. It's influence tactics that win the day.

 

    所以，尽管老板经常说工作经验和人品是他们选择适合这项工作的员工的最重要因素。但这项研究却表明事实不是这样的。他们考虑的最重要的员工的品质是面试者闲谈的能力。是有影响力的策略赢得了这一天。

2. In control

 2 控制局面

Interviewers often ask questions about how you dealt with difficult situations in the past. You've probably prepared an answer, but does it display the qualities the interviewer is looking for?

    面试官经常会问你这样的问题，你曾经是如何处理棘手的问题的。你也许已经准备好了一个答案，但是这个答案能反映出面试官想要的品质吗?

To answer impressively research suggests you should emphasise how you controlled these difficult situations, rather than letting them control you.Employers want to see you are taking the initiative yourself.

    想要你的回答给面试官留下深刻的印象，研究建议，你应该强调你是怎么控制困境的而不是你怎么被困境难倒的。你的老板想看到你掌握了主动权。

3. Talk to yourself

 

 

3 自言自语

Most of us talk to ourselves from time-to-time to aid performance in many areas of our lives. It's often said that talking to yourself is a sign of madness or certainly that you've been reading too many dodgy self-help books.

 

    生活中大多数人在不同领域都会不断的进行援助性的自言自语。自言自语的人常被认为是疯了或是看了太多自我救助的书。

      好吧,这可能有点俗,但在求职面试中，这项口头自我指导意见似乎很有效。你可以对自己说一些“我可以举止自信的走进房间”，“我可以微笑着和面试官有力的握手”。你也可以用同样的方式对这里提到的其他问题或别的问题实施此法。

Just don't talk to yourself out loud and in front of the interviewer...

    只是你自言自语的时候不要在面试官前太大声。

4. Mental imagery

 4 心理意象

If top athletes can successfully use mental imagery to improve their performance, then why not job interviewees?

       如果顶尖运动员能成功地用心理意象来改善他们的表现,那面试者为什么不能用呢?

In one study half the participants were instructed to visualise themselves feeling confident and relaxed at an upcoming job interview . Then they imagined the interview went well and they were offered the job.

       在一项研究中，一半的参与者被指示想像自己在即将到来的面试中充满自信和轻松。然后他们想象的面试进行得很顺利并且他们得到了这项工作。

Those who used mental imagery performed better at a simulated job interview than those who didn't. The mental imagery group also experienced less stress.

 

    那些采用了心理意象的参与者比那些没有采用心理意象的参与者在模拟面试中表现的更好。心理意象组还经受了更少的压力。

5. Cut out the fake smile

 5 不要假笑

All the usual positive body language can help make a good impression: smiling, eye contact, forward lean and body orientation. All of these nonverbal behaviours have been shown to positively affect interviewer ratings.

      所有常用的积极的肢体语言可以帮助留下一个好印象:微笑,目光接触,身体前倾和身体的方向。所有的这些非语言行为已经被证明对面试官的评级有积极的影响。

That said, try to avoid too much fake smiling. False smiling during an interview results in less favourable evaluations than does genuine smiling. The same may well be true for all body language that might appear too fake.

    所以说,尽量避免太多的假笑。在面试时假笑和真正的微笑相比会导致不利的评估。这同样使用于所有看起来都很假的肢体语言。

6. The famous handshake

   6 著名的握手

While we're talking about body language, we might as well mention the handshake. It's difficult to believe a handshake makes that much of a difference, but the research begs to differ.

     当我们谈论的身体语言,我们不妨提到握手。很难相信一个握手会产生巨大的改变,但这研究的情况不同。

Stewart et al. (2008) found that a good quality handshake did affect hiring recommendations. In this study the importance of a firm shake was greater for women.

       Stewart et al.(2008)发现高质量的握手确实对招聘建议产生影响。研究还发现有力的握手对女性的重要性更大。

7. Be defensive (if required)

 7 采取守势（如果需要）

Often interview advice is to avoid being defensive. People say you shouldn't make excuses for holes in your experience or apologise for your shortcomings. This isn't always true.

    通常的面试建议是避免采取守势。人们说你不应该为你经验的漏洞找借口或者对自己的自己的缺点表示遗憾。但这并不总是对的。

In fact some research suggests you shouldn't worry about being defensive if the situation calls for it. When problems emerged in a simulated job interview, applicants who made excuses, expressed remorse and promised it wouldn't happen again, were rated higher than those who avoided being defensive.

 

       实际上,一些研究显示,如果情况需要，你不应该担心表现出采取守势。 当在一个模拟面试中出现了问题,面试者寻找借口，表示悔恨并承诺问题不会在发生。这样的面试者将会在面试中获得比那些避免采取防守的面试者获得更高的评价。

8. Be upfront about weaknesses

 8 坦然面自己的对弱点

Similarly, we've all got weak spots in our CVs, but is it best to try and cover them up or to be upfront and honest?

       同样地,在我们的简历中我们都写出了我们的弱点，但是在面试时，是极力掩盖这些弱点呢还是坦然面对？

Given that liking is the most important factor in job interviews, the problem becomes how to reveal those weak spots without damaging the interviewer's liking for us.

    考虑到面试官的喜好是面试中的最重要因素之一，问题就变为，如何在向面试官表示我们的弱点的同时而不影响面试官对我们的喜欢。

Jones and Gordon (1972) tested whether damaging revelations are best made at the start or end of an interaction. They found that when someone was upfront about weaknesses, those listening liked him more than if he concealed it until the end.

    Jones and Gordon (1972) 检验了在交流过程中，是否坏事早讲比晚讲要好。他们发现如果面试者坦然面对他们的缺点，到最后面，试官会更喜欢他们，而不是喜欢隐藏缺点的面试者。

It seems that we find honesty refreshing so interviewees should be upfront about their weakness.

   看上去，我们会觉得诚实会让人印象深刻，所以面试者也应该表现自己的弱点。

Exactly the reverse is true for strengths. Coming out with your biggest achievements upfront is boastful; these make a better impression if left to the end, as though they had to be dragged out of you. There may also be a memory effect at work here. When you leave the interview on a high, that is the impression that the interviewers carry of you into their deliberations.

   能力则恰恰相反。直接显示出你最大的能耐就太过骄傲了，最后大显身手才能给人留下更好的印象，似乎你的能耐是被人挖掘出来的。也可能是因为记忆机制的原因。当你的面试最后才达到高潮，影响面试官考虑和抉择的或许就是你留给他们的最后印象。

9. Try to, like, cut out the, err, you know, like...all the fillers

 9 不要说，就像、嗯、你知道，这类的口头语

I'm talking to, like, you young people! Yes, you know, like, who you are, don't you? Or, like, maybe you don't? Whatever.

   我正在和，就像，你年轻人！是的，你知道，就像，你是谁，不是吗？或者，就像，也许你不是？管他呢。

FYI: one study has found that interviewees who overuse the word like, and put in, like, too many, errr, fillers, were found less professional and were less likely to be hired.

   供参考:一项调查表明那些过度使用“就像”，或者插入“就像”“嗯”太多类似这样的插入语的人，会被认为不专业，并且被录用的可能性很小。

10. Be unique

 

10 回答独特

You've learnt the same old responses to the same old interview questions. But is this wise if you want to stand out from the crowd?

 

 

   你已经意识到了你千篇一律的回答着那个同样的老问题。但是这对你脱颖而出是明智的选择吗?

   近期的一项研究表明那些对标准问题回答独特的面试者更具有优势。他们发现，不同工作类型，不同年龄，不同学历的面试官都会给回答独特的面试者打高分。

This may be because novel answers are easier to recall and being memorable is a good thing—as long as it's for the right reasons.

   这也许是因为独特的回答能让面试官更容易记起你，而能被回忆起是一件好事，只要因为正当的理由。

Get some coaching

  参加培训

If you're still not getting the nod at interview, then think about interview coaching.

    如果你还没有通过面试，那么就考虑参加一个面试培训吧。

Coaching can encourage you to exhibit the right body language, ingratiate yourself with the interviewer and better communicate your skills and experience. Research suggests coaching can help people improve their interview performance (Maurer et al., 2008). And in this economy you need every advantage.

    培训可以促进你展现恰当的肢体语言，很好的迎合你的面试官，培养你的交流技巧和经验。研究表明培训可以帮助人们提高他们的面试能力。在这个经济时代你需要各种优势。