阿那亚公约实施细则:10种疯狂的战争武器

Weird Military Innovations: 10 Crazy Weapons of War

In war, innovation can mean the difference between a glorious victory and a world shattering defeat. When research and development departments have the funding of a desperate nation behind them, and are faced with a long and brutal campaign, the ideas that are spawned can turn the tide of battle. It’s inevitable that some of the wilder ideas would later seem ridiculous. Here are 10 of the most extreme, and odd, military weapons created in the 20th century:

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The brutality of war can be reflected by the means with which it’s fought. Anti tank dogs were a soviet creation, and said to have taken down over 300 German tanks during World War II. Dogs were taught to find food under tanks, and then starved before a battle. They would have bombs strapped to their backs, with levers that would trigger as soon as it hit the underside of a tank. When the lever snapped back, the dogs would explode, destroying the tank. The Germans eventually fought this tactic with flamethrowers, and a couple cases of dogs running amok away from battlefields was enough to cut back the program.

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Corkscrew tanks didn’t run on the typical caterpillar type treads, instead propelled by giant corkscrews. Just like an electric screwdriver pulls into a piece of wood, so these treads would cruise along the ground, regardless of terrain. Their travel was a bit erratic, and the tanks had to be too lightweight to be useful in combat.

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When it comes to urban fighting, every corner can hide a group of enemy soldiers. Even the slightest advantage can win battles, so various weapons were designed to allow soldiers to see around corners, and fire around them behind the protection of a concrete wall.

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The Tsar tank was Russian built with two wheels 27 feet in diameter that pulled a much smaller set of wheels behind. Mounted with large and heavy guns, it was one of the few tanks that didn’t have treads, and was designed to overrun any obstacle. The design was bulky and ill conceived for the reality of battle, and was quickly dropped.

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Barrage balloons were strung up by the hundreds over cities during World War II. Like floating mines, they would make it difficult for low flying enemy aircraft to make devastating bombing runs by threatening to bring them down with their taut wires and incendiary devices.

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With the scarcity of metal toward the end of World War II, Project Habbakuk was an attempt to create aircraft carriers out of pykrete, a mixture of ice and wood pulp. Thick enough to withstand enemy fire, and easily repaired, pykrete would enable the construction of large ships with the uses of minimal resources. The war was completed before any of these ships became a reality.

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It’s surprising a prototype of a bat bomb was ever even made, but it was. The idea was simple: place incendiary explosive devices on Mexican Free-Tailed Bats, lower their temperature inside a bomb so they hibernate in transit, and then release them over an enemy city to roost in the infrastructure below. At a specific time, all the bats would explode in a thousand fiery blazes, igniting fires across the city.

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The Goliath tracked mine was a remote controlled anti tank mine that carried nearly 200 pounds of explosives and would be steered toward enemy troop or tank formations and detonated. These mines were created by the Germans and used throughout World War II, on all fronts, and were known as beetle tanks by Allied forces.

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The flying jeep was created to fulfill a contract to create a lightweight helicopter that could be landed in any terrain. Several prototypes were created but they never went into full production. No matter how good it looked on paper, the flying jeep’s goofy appearance gives a good indication of why such a flimsy hybrid would not do well in the heat of battle.

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Flying aircraft carriers had a brief stint in the collective imagination of a wartime populace. Much like hoverpacks and flying cars, the idea never came to fruition, only to live on in steampunk style novels and shows. They would be easy to shoot down, consume inordinate amounts of fuel, and had few advantages to counter an extended list of cons.

在战争中，创新就意味着光荣胜利和惨败的区别。当研发部门背后是一个绝望的国家提供资金，又面对着残酷的长期战争时，创新观点可以扭转战斗局势。当然不可避免的是，有些异想天开的想法可能会非常可笑。下面是20世纪发明的十种最极端，古怪的军事武器：

战争的残酷性可以通过战争对象反映出来。反坦克犬是苏联的发明，据说二战时毁坏了300多个德国坦克。他们训练狗去找坦克下的食物，然后战斗时先把狗饿着。人们把炸弹捆在狗背上，上面的杠杆一碰到坦克下面就会触发。当杠杆迅速弹回时，狗就会爆炸。最后德国人用喷火器来对付这个战术，并且有几次狗疯狂的从战场上跑开也削减了这个项目的威力。

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螺旋式坦克不依靠典型的履带式踏板运行，而是用巨大的螺丝锥推动。就像电动螺丝刀钻木一样，这些踏板可以在地面巡航，不必担心地形。它们的行走有点不稳定，而且这样的坦克在战斗中太轻了起不到作用。

(Images via fastcompany, foothill)

如果是在城市里战斗的话，每个角落里都可能藏着一组敌兵。即使只有一点点优势也可以赢得战斗，因此就设计出了各种各样的武器使得战士们可以看清拐角处并且在保垒墙的保护下射击。

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沙皇坦克是俄国建造的，它有两个直径27英尺的轮子拉动着后面一排小轮子。安装了大型重型枪械，这是极少没有踏板的坦克之一，而且可以跨过任何障碍。这个设计很笨重而且对战斗的实际情况考虑的不周全，很快就被放弃了。

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二战期间数以百计的防空气球紧张的在城市上空。他们就像漂浮的地雷，使飞行较低的敌机很难进行毁灭性的轰炸航路，因为它们会用拉线和引爆装置将敌机打下。

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由于在二战末期金属缺乏，哈巴库克项目做了个尝试，用冰和木浆的混合物制造航空母舰。厚度足以挡住敌方火力，也很容易修理，这种混合物使得用最少限度的资源建造大船成为可能。但在这些船变成现实以前战争已经结束了。

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非常让人惊奇，竟然制造过蝙蝠炸弹模型，但这的确是真的。想法很简单：将纵火和爆炸器材放在墨西哥皱鼻蝙蝠身上，降低炸弹内的温度以保证在运输过程中炸弹可以休眠，然后将蝙蝠们释放在敌人城市，让它们在公共基础设施下栖息。在一个特定时间，所有的蝙蝠会爆炸在火焰中，在整个城市引起大火。

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歌利亚追踪雷是指引反坦克雷的遥控装置，反坦克雷承载了近200磅炸药，驶向敌军或坦克纵队并引爆。这些雷是德国制造的，在二战期间广泛使用，在各个战场以甲壳虫坦克被联盟军所熟知。

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会飞的吉普是为了履行一个契约创造出来的，那就是创造出重量轻的直升机可以在任何地形着陆。设计了好几种原型但没有一个能规模生产。无论它在纸上看着有多么好，会飞的吉普的傻瓜外观给出了一个启示，为什么这样脆弱的混合物在战争最激烈的时候帮不上忙。

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会飞的航空母舰在战时大众的集体想象中维持了很短的时间。像盘旋组和会飞的汽车一样，这个想法也没能实现，只是存在于蒸汽朋克类型的小说和演出里。他们很容易被击落，消耗过度的燃料，在反击广大敌人时几乎没有优势。