阿莱艾美拉摄影机图片:关于幸福

关于幸福——《心理学和健康》

Written by Anna Selner      

安娜.谢尔2

Our psyche is a clever strategist. To avoid too much pain, it uses special tools: defense mechanisms. Some are good and responsive, while others are more troublesome. What are these? How you detect them? Is it possible to change them?

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Each of us has something called a reality model to avoid some painful emotions overwhelming our consciousness. We use defense mechanisms. Most often, and fortunately, they are used appropriately; that is to say, with moderation and flexibility. However, if they are too engrained and rigid, some problems may arise.

我们每个人都有一种叫做现实模型避免了一些痛苦的情感压倒性的我们的意识。我们使用防御机制。通常,幸运的是,他们被适当地使用;也就是说,缓和和灵活性。然而,如果他们过于执着,有些问题之中发生的。3

Depending on the school of thought, the exact number of defense mechanisms varies. But we can say safely that there are about two dozen of them. Health & Happiness magazine aims to offer you an introspective journey to allow you to pursue the issue. Today, we focus on rationalization.

根据学校的思想、精确数量的防御机制是不同的。但我们能说,大约有两个安全打他们。健康和幸福的目的是给你一个杂志一段内省之旅让你追求的问题。今天,我们专注于理性化。

Rationalization

合理性

Faced with internal conflict and stress, rationalization is to streamline and develop explanations that are reassuring and beneficial to oneself, as compared to what one or other people experience in reality.

面临着内部矛盾和压力、合理化解释是为了简化和发展是可靠的、有利于自己,而一个人的经验或其他现实。

Analysis of Rachel’s Case

拉谢尔的案例分析

Rachel was adopted at birth. Now an adult, this is her interpretation of it all: "Because I don’t remember it, it may not have had any impact on my life. True, I was an adopted baby. But I have never actively thought of it as such and I love my adoptive parents. I owe them everything!"

拉谢尔是采用在出生。现在一个大人了,这是她的解释:“因为我不记得了,这很可能没有任何影响我一生的事。真的,我是一位被收养的孩子。但我从来没有像这样的积极思想,我爱我的养父母。我欠他们一切! "

However, Rachel does have an exaggerated fear of leaving her ten-year-old child alone. She invokes a very good excuse to justify not letting him participate in his class trip: "He's allergic to dust.” This allergy is real, yes, but is that really a sufficient reason for not allowing her son to travel?

然而,瑞秋的确有一个夸张的害怕离开她10岁的孩子独自一人。她的一个很好的借口调用证明不让他参加他的班级旅行:“他讨厌尘土。“这过敏是真实的,是的,但是那是真正的一个充足的理由不让她的儿子去旅行?

It is easy to imagine the discomfort experienced by the child when his friends ask him probing questions, when he begins to feel isolation in the classroom while others are out traveling, and so on. In addition to this, the mother-child relationship may become more complex, because the child may develop feelings of anger vis-à-vis his mother. In short, things may well soon become very confusing and difficult.

很容易去理解那些孩童时他朋友问的不舒服试探性问题，当他开始感到在课堂上孤立时,而另一些同学则是出去旅游了,等等。此外,母子关系,会变得更为复杂,因为面对母亲时回产生愤怒。简而言之,事情很可能很快就会变得非常迷惑,而困难的。

Why Rachel Used This Defense Mechanism

瑞秋以前为什么这种防御机制

One function of rationalization in this case was to avoid Rachel having to cope with emotions, apparently painful, related to her adoption. Trite as it may sound, being adopted means to have been abandoned before. This raises many questions like, "Why me?” “Was I so undesirable?” “What did I lack as a mere baby that my parents refused to keep me?” “How could my mother have abandoned me?” – all questions that lead to the extension: “I would never do that to my own child."

合理化的一个作用在这个案例中是为了避免拉不得不应付情绪,显然是痛苦的,她的亲属领养。这样听起来索然无味,是采用被弃之前。这引发了很多类似这样的问题:“为什么是我?”“我会如此不良的吗?”“我怎么缺乏仅仅是一个婴儿,我父母拒绝让我吗?”“怎么会有我妈妈有抛弃了我吗?”-所有的问题导致其扩展:“我永远不会这样做,那我自己的孩子。”

A priori, the psyche does not want to live with this distress. However, and despite the well-crafted argument that Rachel has built, her past catches up with her through her son. Thus the need for her to be aware of how her denial of her own issues risks difficulties with her relationship with her son.

先知的,心灵不愿意接受这样的痛苦。然而,尽管建造精巧的论点,瑞秋,她的过去赶上她通过她的儿子。因此需要她了解她的拒绝了她的困难的问题和她的关系风险她的儿子。

What Rachel Can Do to Live Better

雷切尔能做什么生活的更好

If Rachel wants to work on herself, a professional can help her realize that what she believes to be a minor detail in her life - her abandonment and adoption - is perhaps not so minor after all, and that she uses a defense mechanism known as rationalization to cope. The therapist will help her connect to hidden emotions, and links can be made with her current difficulties.

如果拉想要工作自己,一名职业球员会帮助她实现她相信是一个小细节在她的生活- - - - - - - - - - - - - -她放弃和采用也许不是那么小毕竟,她用一种防御机制被称为合理化应付自如。治疗师将帮助她隐藏的情绪,连接环节可以与她目前的困难。

Be positive!

再积极些！

Until now, Rachel did not feel much when it comes to the issue of her abandonment. But today, because she wants to love her child properly, she feels ready to seek professional help.

直到现在,瑞秋不感到多少时她放弃的问题。但今天,因为她想爱她的孩子,她觉得适当准备寻求专业帮助。

Thanks to the class trip she finally let her son go on, she can grow. It’s safe to say that if Rachel had not resolved to change herself, she would perhaps have never outlived her past. During interviews, there always is a time when clients smile. Their "guilt" of having used a defense mechanism becomes relative.

多亏了班级旅行,她终于让她的儿子,她可以继续生长。它的安全,说如果结却没有解决改变自己的想法,但她可能没有比她的过去。在采访中,总有时间当客户的微笑。他们的“内疚”曾经用一种防御机制变得相对的。

Now Rachel can move on to another stage. Life is a great teacher!

34拉结可以转到另一个阶段。生活是一个很棒的老师!

Tip

小结

To try to find what defense mechanism (s) you use, ask yourself: "Basically, what do I do with the real difficulties of my life?" Because deep inside ourselves, we know! Then you will more easily find out what you do to hide it to yourself and your family.

试图找出防御机制(s)你使用的时候,问一问自己:“基本上,我怎么处理这些真正遇到困难的生活?”因为内心深处我们自己,我们知道!然后你将更容易找到你做什么藏到你自己和你的家庭。

Examples of Other Commonly-Used Defense Mechanisms

其他常用的防御机制的例子

Hypochondria (somatic complaints through which the person asks for help), idealization (of attributing exaggerated positive qualities to oneself or others), omnipotence (assuming one’s capacity or powers to be aligned with an exaggerated, all-powerful and superior self-image to others) and repression (inability to remember certain experiences or feelings). Remember that these are all not very positive defense mechanisms.

(通过体细胞投诉忧郁症的人请求帮助)、理想化(夸张的正面特质把对自己或其他人)、全能(假设一个人的能力或力量对准一个夸大的全能和较高的自我形象到他人)和镇压(无法记住某些经验或感觉)。记住,这些都不是很积极的防御机制。

Good to know

幸好知道

There are defense mechanisms that are thought of as “mature” and even “sophisticated”, such as humor, foresight, assertiveness, self-observation, altruism and affiliation!

有防卫机制,被认为是“成熟”,甚至“世故”的,如幽默,远见、主张里,内观、利他和联系!