九乡新闻网长生诀在每柱的意义:外研社新目标小学起点初二英语上M1知识讲解及练习
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/04/28 03:18:32
外研社新目标小学起点初二英语上M1-现在完成时
现在完成时《have（has）+过去分词》有以下的用法：
结束、结果：表示现在刚完成的动作。
继续：表示过去继续到现在的动作或状态。
经验：表示过去某时到现在的经验。
1 结束、结果
I have read the book already.
我已经读过这本书了。
表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等连用。
Li Ming has just turned off the light.
李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）
I've finished my homework now.
现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）
2. 表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen.
我把笔丢了。
（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）
She has become a teacher.
她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）
2继续
I have known him for ten years.
我认识他十年了。
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks. since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a longtime，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。
He has lived here for 30 years.
他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）
They've known each other since childhood.
他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续往来）
How long have you studied English？
你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）
注意
问句时常用How long…
3经验
He has never been ill in his life.
他一生中从未生过病。
表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。常和often，never，ever，once，twice，three times，before，since等连用。
I have been to the Summer Palace twice.
我曾经去过颐和园两次。
We have visited your school before.
我以前曾去过你们学校。
（过去的经历，但现在依然记得）
现在完成时专项练习
1. – Where is Mr. Liu? ----- He _______the library.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in
2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times.
A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone
4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three
years.
A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone
5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months.
A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought
6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.
A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to
7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to
China?
A. How soon , comes B. How often, got
C. How long , came D. How far, arrived
8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）?
10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)
__________ have they been here?
11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)
12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变)
This factory _________ for twenty years.
13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）
Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.
14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）
_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.
15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）
_____________________________________________.
练习参考答案：
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.has he?
10.How long 11.died, has been dead 12.has been open 13.has been away
14.It is, since 15.The bus has been here for ten minutes.
动词不定式用法详解 动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法: 一、带to的不定式结构 1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有: want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。 2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。 二、不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: 1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 2.在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。 3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。 "Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如: Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。 Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休个假呢。 三、动词不定式作主语 不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。例如： It’s difficult to learn English well. 学好英语很难。 四、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如: I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。 五、动词不定式作宾语 有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。例如: I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。 We thought it wrong not to tell her.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 六、动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况: 1.作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。 例如: He asked me to talk about English study.他请我谈谈英语学习。 2.作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如: The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。 3.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如: Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。 七、动词不定式作状语 动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。 1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。 2.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。例如: I'm sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到很难过。 3.用在too... to...结构中。例如:
Unit One 1. Welcome back! Welcome back to school! Welcome to China! 2.a new term last term next term this term 3. give you some advice give him / her a piece of advice 4. write it down write them down write down your name 5. speak English in class speak English as much as possible 6. write down your mistakes in your notebook 7. the correct spelling and grammar 8. What/Where / Who / else? something /anything/somebody else 9. check your vocabulary notebook every day 10.listen to the radio 11. read a newspaper in English 12.try not to translate every word try to do sth. 13.write email messages to each other help each other 14. in her school orchestra in the school band 15. help me with my English 16. That’s a good idea! 17. It’s a good idea to do sth. 18.Why not do sth ?= Why don’t you do sth? 19. How about doing sth? = What about doing sth? 20. forget to do sth. remember to do sth 21.a piece of advice some advice 22. You should write down your grammar mistakes in your notebook. 23.make a mistake 24. the correct answer correct the mistake 25.everyday English 26. read a newspaper in English 27. do some concerts Unit Two 1. ask for advice about improving English 2. ask sb. for sth. ask for help ask sb for advice 3.enjoy watching films enjoy doing sth. 4. listen to real English songs 6. This is a great way to learn English. 7. start a conversation 8. take a deep breath 9. Smiling always help. 10. try to remember eight or ten words a day 11. on pieces of paper 12.place the in your bedroom 13.say the English names for everything you see 14. speak English all the time 15. improve your English 16.I want to know where the park is. 17. practice speaking English Module 1 重点短语、句型 一、 重点词组及短语 1. try to do sth. 尽力做某事/试用做某事 2. write down 写下；记下 3. in class 在课堂上 4. next to 在……旁边 5. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 6. in pairs 成双；成对 7. ask for 请求, 要求 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢干某事 9. talk about 谈论 10. enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 11. take a deep breath 深呼吸 12. all the time 一直；始终；总是 13. make a list 列表；制表；编目录 14. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 15. remember to do sth. 记住要干某事 16. leave sth. at home 把某物忘在家里 17. show sb. around 带领某人参观 18. for example 例如 19. think about 考虑 20. make friends 交朋友 二、 重点句型 1. It’s a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day. 每天检查你的词汇本是一个好方法。 2. What do you think is the best advice for learning English? 你认为学外语最好的建议是什么？ 3. The best way to learn vocabulary is to remember eight or ten words a day. 学习词汇最好的方法就是每天记忆8至10个单词。 4. It’s sometimes hard to understand American and British accents. 有时很难理解美式和英式英语的口音。 5. It’s difficult to understand TV programmes in English. 用英语广播的电视节目很难理解。 6. How can I practice speaking English? 我怎样才能练习英语口音呢？ Module 1 重点短语、句型 一. 重点词组及短语 1. try to do sth. 尽力做某事/尝试做某事 2. try not to do sth尽力不要做某事/尝试不要做某事 3. translate … into 把…… 译成 4. give some advise 提一些建议 5. write down 写下；记下 6. make a mistake 犯一个错误 7. in class 在课堂上 8. next to 在……旁边 9. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 10. remember to do sth 记得要做某事 11. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 12. remember doing sth 记得做过某事 13. read a newspaper 读报纸 14. each other 彼此 15. help sb (to) do sth = help sb with sth 帮某人做某事 16. make friends 交朋友 17. in pairs 成双；成对 18. ask for 请求, 要求 19. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢干某事 20. finish doing sth 完成某事 21. practice doing sth 练习做某事 22. enjoy oneself ＝ have a good time 玩得高兴；过得愉快 23. take a deep breath 深呼吸 24. all the time 一直；始终；总是 25. talk about 谈论 26. borrow sth from sb 向某人借东西 （借入） 27. lend sth to sb 将某物借给某人（借出） 28. leave sth. at home 把某物忘在家里 29. be good for 对……有好处 30. look for 寻找 31. show sb. around 带领某人参观 32. think about 考虑 二. 重点句型 1. Try not to translate every word 尽量不要逐字翻译。. 2. Why don’t you write it down? 为什么不把它写下来？ 3. What else? 还有其他的吗？ 4. It’s a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day. 每天检查你的词汇本是一个好方法。 5. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper? 听英文广播和读英文报纸怎么样？ 6. Many students ask for advice about improving their English. 许多学生寻求提高英语成绩的建议。 7. I enjoy watching English films and listening to real English song in English. 我喜欢看英文电影和听真正的英文歌。 8. Just enjoying yourself! 过得愉快! 9. What do you think is the best advice for learning English? 你认为学外语最好的建议是什么？ 10. The best way to learn vocabulary is to remember eight or ten words a day. 学习词汇最好的方法就是每天记忆8至10个单词。 11. It’s sometimes hard to understand American and British accents. 有时很难理解美式和英式英语的口音。 12. It’s difficult to understand TV programmers in English. 用英语广播的电视节目很难理解。 13. How can I practice speaking English? 我怎样才能练习英语口音呢？ 14. It’s good for your vocabulary. 这对你的词汇有好处。外研社新目标小学起点初二英语上M1-必背内容