通博娱乐:新研究表明快乐的男人不性感

根据不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一项试图探讨坏男孩久胜不衰的魅力现象和其它性别类型象征的研究发现女人们觉得快乐的男人明显没有自大或深沉的男人性感。

The study -- which may cause men to smile less on dates, and inspire online daters to update their profile photos -- finds dramatic gender differences in how men and women rank the sexual attractiveness of non-verbal expressions of commonly displayed emotions, including happiness, pride, and shame.

这项研究－－它可能导致男人们在约会时笑得更少，并提示使用在线约会的人如何更新他们的档案图片－－发现男人们和女人们在如何衡量表情，如快乐，自豪和羞涩等非语言表达方式的性感程度中存在着戏剧般的性别差异。

Very few studies have explored the relationship between emotions and attraction, and this is the first to report a significant gender difference in the attractiveness of smiles. The study, published online in the American Psychological Association journal Emotion, is also the first to investigate the attractiveness of displays of pride and shame.

几乎没有什么研究曾经探讨过表情和魅力的关系，这次研究，发表在美国心理协会在线期刊《情感》中，是首次报告微笑吸引力的巨大性别差异，也是第一次调查自豪和害羞的吸引力。

"While showing a happy face is considered essential to friendly social interactions, including those involving sexual attraction -- few studies have actually examined whether a smile is, in fact, attractive," says Prof. Jessica Tracy of UBC's Dept. of Psychology. "This study finds that men and women respond very differently to displays of emotion, including smiles."

”当展示一个笑脸是被认为是友好社会交往的基础，这包括那些卷入性感的关系－－但没有研究实际上去验证微笑是否能够真正有吸引力" UBC心理学部门的Jessica Tracy教授说道。“这项研究发现男人们和女人们对笑脸等表情的反应很不一样。

In a series of studies, more than 1,000 adult participants rated the sexual attractiveness of hundreds of images of the opposite sex engaged in universal displays of happiness (broad smiles), pride (raised heads, puffed-up chests) and shame (lowered heads, averted eyes).

在一系列的研究中，超过1000个的成人参与者给数百张异性表情图片，它们被广泛认可的表示了快乐（灿烂笑容），自豪（昂首挺胸）和害羞（低头，避免对视），进行魅力打分。

The study found that women were least attracted to smiling, happy men, preferring those who looked proud and powerful or moody and ashamed. In contrast, male participants were most sexually attracted to women who looked happy, and least attracted to women who appeared proud and confident.

这个研究发现女人们很少被微笑，快乐的男人吸引，而偏爱那些看上去很自豪，很有权力或深沉和羞涩的人。相反，男性参与者被看上去快乐的女人所吸引，而对表现得自豪或自信的女人兴趣不大。

"It is important to remember that this study explored first-impressions of sexual attraction to images of the opposite sex," says Alec Beall, a UBC psychology graduate student and study co-author. "We were not asking participants if they thought these targets would make a good boyfriend or wife -- we wanted their gut reactions on carnal, sexual attraction." He says previous studies have found positive emotional traits and a nice personality to be highly desirable in a relationship partners.

”请记住这项研究只探讨了对异性图片性感的直觉“， UBC心理学研究生和共同作者Alec Beall说道，”我们没有询问参与者是否他们认为目标人物能够成为一个好的男友或女友－－我们只要他们对肉体，性感的本能反应。他谈到上一次研究已经发现伴侣关系很需要积极的表情和温和的个人品质。

Tracy and Beall say that other studies suggest that what people find attractive has been shaped by centuries of evolutionary and cultural forces. For example, evolutionary theories suggest females are attracted to male displays of pride because they imply status, competence and an ability to provide for a partner and offspring.

Tracy和Beall说其它研究表明数世纪的人类进化和文化力量塑造了什么才有魅力的观念。例如，进化理论赞成女性被自豪的男性所吸引是因为这暗示良好的状态，较强的竞争力和有能力成为伴侣和生儿育女。

According to Beall, the pride expression accentuates typically masculine physical features, such as upper body size and muscularity. "Previous research has shown that these features are among the most attractive male physical characteristics, as judged by women," he says.

Beall认为自豪的表情强调了典型的男子汉身体特征，像高大和强壮的身体，他说道“前面的研究展示了这些特征在女人们眼中是有魅力的男性身体特征。”

researchers say more work is needed to understand the differing responses to happiness, but suggest the phenomenon can also be understood according to principles of evolutionary psychology, as well as socio-cultural gender norms.

研究者说需要更多的工作去理解对快乐的不同反应，但是赞成这个现象可以从进化心理学科和社会化性别规范来理解。

For example, past research has associated smiling with a lack of dominance, which is consistent with traditional gender norms of the "submissive and vulnerable" woman, but inconsistent with "strong, silent" man, the researchers say. "Previous research has also suggested that happiness is a particularly feminine-appearing expression," Beall adds.

例如，过去的研究把微笑和缺乏统治力联系起来，这和传统的“顺从和软弱”的妇女典范一致，但不符合“强壮，沉默”的男性，研究员说。“之前的研究也赞成快乐是女性化的表示方式”，Beall补充道。

"Generally, the results appear to reflect some very traditional gender norms and cultural values that have emerged, developed and been reinforced through history, at least in Western cultures," Tracy says. "These include norms and values that many would consider old-fashioned and perhaps hoped that we've moved beyond."

“总体上说，这个结果看上去反映了非常传统的性别规范和文化价值，这些至少在西方文化历史中萌芽，发展并被强化” Tracy说道：“许多这样的规范和价值观应该被认为是旧风俗，希望我们能够移风易俗。”

Displays of shame, Tracy says, have been associated with an awareness of social norms and appeasement behaviors, which elicits trust in others. This may explain shame's surprising attractiveness to both genders, she says, given that both men and women prefer a partner they can trust.

Tracy说道，羞涩已经与尊重社会准则和妥协行为相联系，这触发了对他人的信任。这也许可以解释羞涩对两性的别样的吸引力，她说如果假设男人们和女人们都更喜爱他们能够信任的伴侣。

While this study focused on sexual attraction between heterosexual men and women in North America, the researchers say future studies will be required to explore the relationship between emotions and sexual attractiveness among homosexuals and non-Western cultures.

这项研究只关注北美文化中异性之间的魅力，研究员说未来的研究需要探讨在非北美文化和在同性之间的表情和魅力关系。

Overall, the researchers found that men ranked women more attractive than women ranked men.

最后，研究员发现男人对女人比女人对男人更感兴趣。