迪奥布兰度天堂之眼:英语音标表发音规律记忆口诀A1

英语音标表发音规律记忆口诀
u  英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀
一、尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母，感觉学习标准发音，直到感觉音准，流利，升降调式自如为止。
印刷体：大写  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
小写  a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
手写体倾斜：（注意四线格占格要求）
大写  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
小写  a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
/ bi: /si: /di: / i: / /dVi: /  / ai / / / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:]
二、                英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表
英    语    音    标（采用口腔后部发声法发音）
发音特征
元
音*母音
单元音
声带振动
前元音：[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A]
发音清晰响亮
气流通畅
中元音：[Q] [E] [E: / \:]
后元音：[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]
双元音
振动
[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]
辅
音*子音
哑辅音
不振动
[p][t][k]   [f][s][W][F]  [h]  [tF][tr][ts]
发音含糊晦涩
气流受阻
浊辅音
振动
[b][d][g]  [v][z][T][V]  [r]  [dV][dr][dz]
[m][n][N]   [l]/[l]   [w][j ]
辅音连缀
[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw] [Wr] [pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju
三、英语拼音怎么来拼读：(也就是单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似)
（拼读规则：以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。）
拼读口诀：元音为中心，划分音节、按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻/闭音节读短音。例子：he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,
*****{详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页)：五、音节划分。。。}
?辅音字母发音小口诀：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s];  例词：blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见;    Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garage
h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连;      her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r];   meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x 发音剪头端，[ks]多于[gz]面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise;  exam, (后接重读元音)
t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念；  teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash,  which, white
最后一个字母z，发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
?辅音字母一见发音表：
b
c
d
f
g
h
j
k
l
m
n
[b]
[k]cap
[d]
[f]
[g]egg
[h]
[dV]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[s]city
[dV]
[-l]
[N]g/k
table
rice
bed
coffee
orange
high
jeep
book
blue
meet
nose
blue
bicycle
dog
fly
garbage
hello
Japan
keep
ball
room
pen
[V]garage
table
thank
p
q
r
s
t
v
w
x
(y)
z
[p]
[k]
[r]
[s]desk
[t]
[v]
[w]
[ks]
[j]yes
[z]
[-r]
[z]easy
[gz]
[ai]my
pencil
quick
rose
[V]usually
sit
voice
wash
box
[i]busy
zoo
open
quarter
sorry
pleasure
teacher
invite
swim
exam
very
zero
teacher
[F]sure
little
quickly
freeze
?常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀：  字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w],  th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；
ch/tch多发 [tF],  有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
sh [F], ph [f],  gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)；
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词：
wh发音 [w] 和 [h],
wh ---[w] which, white, what, where, when, why  [ h ] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；th --- [W] this, that, the, they, with  [ T ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多发 [tF],  有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：see, zoo, book}
?字母L的两种读音口诀：音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l],
[l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个), black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop,
[- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold, child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil, table [bl], impossible, label ((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl], cradle(摇篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目，晃眼，耀眼),
常见音节尾音总结：[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]
[-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl /  -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ]
[-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl /  -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ]
?元音字母a e i(y) o u  的发音口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。
重开音节多长音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼；重闭音节/轻音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]
a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
重开音节i发[ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。
ay ,ey, o/uy，多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。
相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。
例词：
a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。
name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war [C:], orange [i],
e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ]  强化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ]  e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],
/ -*(词尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl], table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),
i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 强化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i]  重开音节发[i: /ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。
right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],
o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-]  强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]
o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane [E], //  one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],
u--- [ /ju:/ Q /  u / u: /i / ]  强化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。
use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]
y--- [ /ai / j / i /]  强化音[ai]，弱化音[i]   y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。
your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],
?常见元音字母组合发音口诀：  字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。
组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节))；常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。
另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。
a--- ay  [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday,  // [i]  Sunday, Monday, …
ar  [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic,  // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],
al  [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half,
[C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),
au  [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的),
[C] because,  [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,
air  [ZE]  air, chair, hair, pair, fair,
ai  [ei]  aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),
aw  [C:]  draw, law, saw, awful, raw,
e--- ea  [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head,  [ei] great, break, steak,
ee  [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,
ei  [ei] eight, weigh, weight,  [i:]  receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想),
er  [E:]  her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), [E] teacher, sister,  brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
ear  [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),
[E:] early, earth, earn,
ere  [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球),   [ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),
eir  [ZE] their,
eer  [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,
ey  [ei]  they, grey, hey,
ew  [ju:]  new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),
i--- ir  [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),
ie  [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首领, 领袖, 酋长, 长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),
ire  [aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),
igh  [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,
o--- or  [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more,  [E:] work, worker,  [E]  actor, doctor, forget,
oa  [Eu]  boat, coat, goat, goal,
oo  [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),
[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot  [Q] blood, flood,
ou  [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,
[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would, could, should,    [C:] cough,
ow  [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower,  [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw
oy/oi  [Ci]  boy, toy, enjoy, employ,  // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,
our  [au] our, flour(面粉)   [C:] your, four, course,
ore  [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,
oor  [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),
u--- ur  [E:]  turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),
ure  picture, future[tFE],  // sure[FuE],   //pleasure, measure[VE],
ua  [JE]  usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),
非组合发音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业),   [jJE]January,
uy [ai] buy, guy,
五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：
1.         音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。
2.         音节的结构、类型：口诀： 完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e尾/成音/r音节。
开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
开音节(词) ：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。
例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制；次序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),
成音节： 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。
例如：la•bel ((贴)标签), pu•pil, pen•cil [sl], ta•ble, bi•cy•cle, lit•tle [tl], ap•ple [pl],
peo•ple,
3.         划分音节口诀： 音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。
例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。
闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],
开音节：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE], rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly [`dVu(:)lai],
ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
成音节： ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl], bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],
se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],
不发音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）
4.         单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音。遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：
重音口诀： 为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。
一般具体做法是：① 单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread
② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn],  // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],
▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,
④ 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。
例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),
③ 合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,
。