药械采购与监管:Civil_War_Veterans

To the brave "Boys in Blue" who participated in that memorable struggle for the preservation of our Union, to the mothers, wives, daughters, and sons who, at home and in the hospital, so nobly did their parts, and mainly to those from Newaygo County wh o gave the supreme sacrifice, "their lives", during the war (1861-1865). We dedicate this book on Newaygo County, Michigan, Civil War Veterans.

AMES, SUEL Co. F 2nd Mich. Cav. 7/10/1862

BARNES, GEORGE

BARNHARD, HORATIO Co. H 3rd Mich. Inf. 8/29/1862

BERRY, JOSEPH S. Co. B 26th Mich. Inf. 12/8/1862

BILLS, CHARLES Co. H 26th Mich. Inf. 2/7/1863

BONHAM, OLIVER Co. B 26th Mich. Inf. 2/28/1865

BONNEY, ALVA Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf. 6/25/1862

BRITTON, ZACHARIAH Co. A 15th Mich. Inf. 2/20/1865

BROWN, JOHN M. Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf. 7/12/1863

BROWN, WILLIAM M. Co. D 8th Mich. Inf. 12/11/1861

BULLIN, CYRUS N. Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf. 5/13/1861

CARPENTER, CHARLES Co. A 10th Mich. Cav.

CARPENTER, JASON Co. K 21st Mich. Inf. 6/25/1865

*CLARK, JOSIAH F. Co. C 13th Mich. Inf. 12/30/1863

COLE, ALEXANDER Co. E 21st Mich. Inf. l/20/1863

CONWAY, DENNIS Co. H 3rd Mich. Inf. 8/29/1862

COOK, AMOS Co. E 3rd Mich. Inf. 11/16/1862

COOK, OWEN Co. D 8th Mich. Inf. 6/3/1864

DAVID, DEXTER

DAVID, ORSON Co. D 27th Mich. Inf. 3/3/1865

DOUGLASS, FRANKLIN Co. A 21st Mich. Inf.

DOUGLASS, REUBEN Co. A 6th Mich. Cav. 3/2/1864

FELLOWS, ERASTUS Co. D 9th Mich. Inf. 3/15/1865

FOX, SIDNEY Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf. 10/20/1862

GOOCH, HORACE N. Co. B 6th Mich. Cav. 7/14/1863

HALL, CLARK Co. D 8th Mich. Inf. 9/1/1862

HALL, EDGAR A. Co. C 6th Mich. Cav. 5/19/1865

HALL, WILLIAM Co. M 7th Mich. Cav. 10/19/1863

HARRINGTON, HENRY Co. E 21st Mich. Inf. 2/10/1863

HENRY, AUSTIN Co. B 27th Mich. Inf. 8/27/1864

HOLLINGTON, THOMAS Co. C 1st Mich. Eng. 5/25/1862

HOPKINS, HORACE Co. E 7th Mich. Cav. 7/3/1863

HUNTER, ALBERT Co. A 6th Mich. Inf. 1/16/1863

KELLUM, ORVILLE Co. H 21st Mich. Inf. 12/21/1862

*KNAPP, JOSEPH E. Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf. 1861

LEWIS, EDMOND E. Co. K 4th Mich. Cav. 11/15/1862

*McCULLUM, ARCHIBOLD Co. F 5th Mich. Cav. 1864

MERRILL, DAVIS Co. A 10th Mich. Inf. 4/27/1864

MILLER, JOSEPH Co. C 3rd Mich. Inf. 6/7/1864

MITCHELL, JAMES L. Co. D 6th Mich. Cav. 4/4/1865

MONROE, DAVID Co. A 6^th Mich. Cav. 8/7/1864

MOORE, CHAUNCEY R. Co. E 21st Mich. Inf. 4/28/1863

MOORE, EZRA P. Co. A 6th Mich. Cav. 6/12/1864

NICHOLS, JARED Bty. A 1st Mich. Lt. Art. 1863

OGDEN, HIRAM Co. B 3rd Mich. Inf. 2/26/1865

PAYNE, WILLIAM C. Co. G 3rd Mich. Inf. 1865

PEAKS, FRANCIS A. Co. A 21st Mich. Inf. 4/3/1865

PETERS, IRA Co. E 14th Mich. Inf. 3/19/1865

PRESTON, PERRY Co. A 10th Mich. Cav. 12/20/1863

PRICE, SAMUEL Co. A 10th Mich. Cav. 5/4/1864

*RAYMER, MASON Co. D 8th N.Y.H.A.

*RAYMER, SANFORD Co. E 7th Mich.

ROBERTS, GEORGE Co. H 14th Mich. Inf. 5/5/1865

ROOT, NELSON E. Co. A 10th Mich. Cav. 3/1/1864

ROWE, NELSON Co. A 10th Mich. Cav. 10/11/1864

SEELEY, HARVEY Co. B 6th Mich. Cav. 11/15/1864

SHIPPY, FRANKLIN Co. E 14th Mich. Inf. 2/4/1865

SHIPPY, STEPHEN Co. D 11th Mich. Inf. 2/8/1862

STICKNEY, JEROME Co. I 16th Mich. Inf. 6/3/1865

SWAIN, DARWIN Co. A 6th Mich. Cav. 8/9/1864

*SWINER, ASSLETT Co. H 3rd Mich. Inf. 6/24/1862

TRASK, BENJAMIN Co. B 5th Mich. Inf. 4/20/1865

TRASK, WARREN Co. E 2nd Mich. Cav. 7/19/1864

TRUCKER, EPHRIAM Co. D 6th Mich. Cav. 10/19/1864

WALKER, HIRAM Co. A 20th Mich. Inf. 1863

WATERS, STEPHEN Co. D 8th Mich. Inf. 7/7/1864

WHEELER, JOHN Co. H 21st Mich. Inf. 4/15/1865

WHITMORE, HIRAM Co. ? 15th Mich. Inf. 5/5/1865

WILDER, EDWARD Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf. 10/9/1863

WILDER, WILLARD Co. A 10th Mich. Cav. 4/3/1865

WINANS, WILTON Co. D 9th Mich. Inf. 7/24/1865

"...It is for us, the living, to be dedicated to the unfinished work which they have thus far so nobly advanced. It is for us to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they gave their last full measure of devotion that we highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of Freedom and that government of the people, by the people, and f or the people shall not perish from the earth."

During the Civil War, some 385 men from Newaygo County marched off to preserve the Union. After extensive and intensive research, the Newaygo County Historical Society (1), has been able to identify over 380 of these men.

Following is their story, as told through the histories of the regiments in which they served. What happened to each soldier is shown in footnotes following the article (2).

Appended to the article is a map showing places mentioned in the article and a statistical analysis showing graphically Newaygo County's contribution and sacrifice to the North's cause.

The Federal census shows that Newaygo County in 1860 was a large but still largely unpopulated area. Its 2,760 inhabitants were concentrated in the lower half of the county, in settlements like Fremont Centre Bridgeton, Ashland, New aygo, Ensley, Croton, and Big Prairie. With the exception of Barton Township, the northern half of the county was unincorporated, and the current county seat (White Cloud), did not exist.

But it was a fast-growing area. The population doubled between 1850 and 1855, and almost tripled from 1855 to 1860. Pioneers were flocking to the county to take advantage of the boundless opportunities for farming and logging offered by the vast, undeveloped land. In 1860, 77% of the men of the county were farmers, 8% were loggers, and 8% were craftsmen (blacksmiths, carpenters, etc.). The county also had its share of lawyers, doctors, hotel keepers, merchants, and government workers.

But war clouds were gathering, and many Newaygans would be called to lay aside the plow or

axe and take up muskets. South Carolina seceded from the Union just before Christmas in 1860, followed quickly by the deep south (3).

On February 9, 1861, Jefferson Davis was sworn in as President of the new Confederate States of America, getting the jump on Abraham Lincoln by a month.

Lincoln took his oath of office on March 4, still hoping to bring the errant states back into the fold. But it was not to be. South Carolina demanded that the Federal forces vacate Fort Sumter. When the demand was refused, the South Carolinians opened fire on the fort. It surrendered on April 14.

Fort Sumter became the rallying cry, both north and south. Compromise was out of the question. It was time to pick sides, and four more Southern states (4) did, by joining the Confederacy

In the north, Fort Sumter was greeted with outrage and a demand to show the Southern rebels who was boss. A Union meeting held at Croton on April 18 was marked by the booming of a cannon, martial music, and speechifying by county notabl es. It ended with a resolution calling for the suppression of the rebellion.

Editor James H. Maze, in an editorial in The Newaygo Republican on April 25, called for enlistments and they were not long in coming. Two regiments of infantry had been raised on the east side of the state and Western Michigan was not a bout to sit idly by. In April and May, at least thirty-three Newaygans traveled down to Grand Rapids to enlist (5) in the 3rd Michigan Infantry, primarily in Companies H (a Muskegon unit) and K (a Grand Rapids unit). The first enlistee was Caleb WOOLPERT (on April 28), and twenty-eight men listed on May 13 alone.

The men of the 3rd were soon equipped, and riding the rails to Washington, D.C. They weren't in camp long before General McDowell began his advance on Richmond. The 3rd, sent on a reconnaissance, first came under fire at Blackburn's Ford on Bull Run on July 18. But this was but a skirmish compared to

the great battle that erupted upstream on July 21. The 3rd was only marginally involved, serving as the anchor for the Union Army's right flank. When McDowell's army fled in confusion, the 3rd acted as a rear guard in case the victoriou s rebels should follow. They didn't. The fighting was over for the 3rd this year.

On the home front, news of the disaster at Bull Run made it clear that the rebellion would not be crushed easily. More men were needed, and Newaygo County responded.

The 8th Michigan Infantry was now recruiting, and at least nine Newaygans joined Company D of that regiment in August and September (6). The Major of the regiment was Newaygo's Amasa B. WATSON. By October, the regiment was on ships boun d for South Carolina. We'll pick up their story later.

Most Newaygans (half of those who served during the war), not seeing the sense of walking when they could ride, joined the cavalry. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry was recruiting in Grand Rapids, and from August 27 to November 2, at least twen ty-one Newaygans went down to enlist, seventeen of them in Company E (7). The regiment left Grand Rapids for St. Louis, Missouri on November 14.

There were more Newaygans interested in joining the cavalry than there were Michigan cavalry units, so some men ended up joining Company K of the 1st New York (Lincoln) Cavalry (8).

Still other Newaygans joined the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics (9) and several other regiments in 1861 (10).

While winter immobilized the armies in Virginia and the west, the 8th Michigan Infantry was getting its first taste of combat as part of the Federal campaign to seize Confederate installations on the Atlantic coast. The 8th was ther e when Port Royal, South Carolina fell on November 7, 1861. On New Years' Day, 1862, the regiment skirmished with the rebels at the Coosaw River on mainland South Carolina, driving them from Port Royal Ferry with the help of gunboats (11).

The regiment was on picket and reconnaissance duty (12) from then until June 16, when an unsuccessful assault was made on Secessionville, South Carolina (13). The following month the regiment was transported back to Virginia to join the Army of the Potomac.

Meanwhile, spring had come to Virgina and the Federal Army of the Potomac, under the command of George B. McClellan, was preparing for another assault on Richmond. In March, the 3rd Michigan Infantry, augmented by additional enliste rs from Newaygo County (14), boarded ships bound for Fort Monroe, on the peninsula

created by the Rappahannock River on the north and the James River on the south. McClellan proceeded to lay siege to Yorktown, but the Rebels slipped away on May 1. The pursuing Union Army was brought up short before Williamsburg on May 5.

Berry's Brigade (of which the 3rd Michigan was a part), was called on to blunt the Rebel counterattack, which it did in fine form (though the 3rd was only lightly engaged).

The Rebels retreated again, this time taking a stand beyond the Chickahominy River at Fair Oaks on May 31. Berry's Brigade again successfully bore the brunt of the Confederate attack, but at a terrible cost. The casualty rate for the 3r d Michigan was almost 50% (15). McClellan's campaign was stalled on the outskirts of Richmond.

While McClellan planned to change his supply base from the Rappahannock to the James River, Lee, (who had taken over from Joe Johnston, wounded at Fair Oaks), had plans of his own. He would strike the Yankees from the north, on t heir right flank, and roll up the Yankee line like a rug.

Opening what would be called the "Seven Days Battle", the attack commenced on June 26 at Mechanicsville. That the Federal Army had to give way was a foregone conclusion, the only question being whether the Federals would escape or be an nihilated in White Oak Swamp. Berry's Brigade, posted at the former center of the Union line, was instrumental in allowing the rest of the army to retreat safely. In a fierce fight on June 30 at Charles City Crossroads, the brigade (with the 3rd as the la st regiment engaged), succeeded in repulsing the Rebel pursuers.

The next day, the Union Army reached the James River with its artillery and troops drawn up on Malvern Hill. It proved to be an impregnable position, as Confederate attacks were shattered against the barking artillery (16). The Union Ar my was safe but out of reach of Richmond. So ended the "Peninsula Campaign".

McClennan had failed, so Lincoln decided to give a chance to John Pope who had previously served in the west. Most of McClellan's army, including the 3rd Michigan Infantry and the 8th Michigan Infantry (back from the Carolinas), was tra nsported to Northern Virginia to find Jackson's army, which had recently raided Centerville and was menacing Washington.

Jackson's army was found near Sudley's Ford over the Bull Run (the site of the Union disaster the previous year). The 3rd and 8th Michigan were posted on the far right of the Union line, anchored on Bull Run. On August 29, Jackson's tro ops hit the division to which the 8th Michigan belonged. As they gave way, Phil Kearny's division (including the Third Michigan), took their place. D. G. Crotty of the Third described the action: The firing commences on our left and soon comes a long to the center and extends away to the right. All along the line the battle rages fiercely. We lie quietly by, taking the rebel shells and balls that come over our men who are engaged in front. For a time neither party has much the advantage. There seems to be a weak point a short ways from us, to the left, and our regiment is taken away from the brigade to fill up the place. The troops now in our front are hard pressed, for we can tell by the firing th at is coming back. Looking ahead into the woods we see our men coming over a hill, followed close by the rebels. Our flying comrades form in line with us. The rebels halt and fire. The order forward is given. Marching by the flank we come to an old railro ad embankment. Front, dress to the right, and over the railroad, is heard, and each man jumps on to the embankment. The enemy on the other side blaze away, but fire at random, and very few of us are vet harmed. Charge bayonets is the order, and down comes the cold steel, which the rebels cannot stand, and they are driven pell-mell through the woods. We open a vigorous fire on their rear, and many of them

Sudley’s Ford over Bull Run

The "severe loss" included some seven men from Newaygo County, the worst suffered by the county during the entire war (17).

The next day, Longstreet arrived from Richmond and proceeded to roll up the Union left flank. Once again the Federal Army was forced to retreat from Bull run, and once again the 3rd Michigan Infantry acted as a rear guard.

Following up on their victory, the Confederates hurried north in an attempt to cut off the Federal retreat. At Chantilly on September 1, in the midst of a terrible thunderstorm, the Rebels collided with General Isaac I. Steven's division (to which the 8th Michigan Infantry belonged). Steven was killed and here, as at Groveton, Kearny's division with the 3rd Michigan came to the rescue (1 7A). But later that night, Kearny blundered into the Rebel lines and was himself killed.

While McClellan took over from Pope, Lee confined northward into Maryland. The decimated 3rd remained behind on picket and reconnaissance duty while the 8th Michigan accompanied the troops sent to intercept Lee. The 8th collided wit h part of Lee's forces at South Mountain on September 14, and three days later took part in the terrible conflict near Sharpsburg, on Antietam Creek. The outnumbered Rebels were forced to retreat to Virginia. McClellan did not pursue.

Not all of the boys from Newaygo County were fighting in the east in 1862. In November, 1861, the 2nd Michigan Cavalry was sent to the western theatre, and the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics were sent to Kentucky the following mon th.

In March, 1862, the 2nd Cavalry was operating in Missouri, in the successful siege of Island No. 10.

In early April, Albert Sidney Johnston's Rebel Army left Corinth, Mississippi and surprised Grant's forces at Pittsburgh Landing. Bridges built by the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics enabled Buell's troops to reach Pittsburgh Landi ng in time to save Grant's Army from annihilation.

In May, the Federal Army pursued the Rebels (now under P.T.G. Beauregard) to Corinth, forcing them to abandon that city on May 30. During that campaign, and during the remainder of the summer in Northern Alabama, and in Mississippi, the 1st Engineers were busy building bridges and corduroy

roads and repairing tracks, while the Second Cavalry harried Beauregard's rear.

On July 1 at Boonville, Mississippi, Chalmer's Rebel Cavalry decided to show the 2nd Michigan Cavalry (now under the command of Philip H. Sheridan) who was boss. However, though numbering less than a thousand, Sheridan's troops succeede d in routing Chalmer's force of 5000 rebel cavalry, thanks to Colt repeating rifles and a simultaneous charge on the front and rear of the rebel lines.

The war had been going on for a year, yet the South was little closer to defeat than when the war started. More troops were needed, so the call again went out. Although there were some volunteers in the spring and summer of 1862 (18), r ecruiting did not begin in earnest until August. That is when recruiting began for the 21st Michigan Infantry. At least eleven Newaygans joined in August, mostly in Company E (19), and on September 12, the regiment left Ionia for Kentucky.

True to form, even more Newaygans joined the cavalry. After filling the vacancies in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry (20), some thirty Newaygans joined the 6th Michigan Cavalry, all but three of them in Companies A and B (21). Due to slow recr uitment, the regiment did not leave

1^st Michigan Engineers building a bridge

Grand Rapids until December 10, when it set out for Washington as part of the Michigan Cavalry Brigade. Also part of the Brigade was the 7th Michigan Cavalry, which included at least seven Newaygans (22).

Newaygans also enlisted in several other units in the latter part of 1862 (28).

The new recruits in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry and the green troops of the 21st Michigan Infantry arrived at the front just in time to help blunt Braxton Bragg's invasion of Kentucky.

The armies met at Perryville on October 8. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry was involved early in the fray, smashing a rebel attack with the help of the 2nd Missouri. But the Rebel line reformed after the rest of Bragg's Army camp up. The 21st Michigan Infantry, detailed to support Barnett's battery, came under fire for the first time (24). Even the 1st Michigan Engineers took up arms, supporting Loomis' battery, 1st Michigan Light Artillery.

Perryville was a tactical victory for the Rebels, but a strategic defeat. Unable to achieve anything with the Federal Army arrayed before him, Bragg withdrew to Tennessee. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry spent the rest of October nipping at Br agg's heels until recalled. The 1st Mechanics, meanwhile, were sent to Nashville.

Displeased at General Buell's failure to pursue Bragg, Lincoln replaced him with William S. Rosecrans. "Rosy" put the army (including the 1st Michigan Engineers, and the 21st Michigan Infantry), in motion into Tennessee.

Bragg's Army left Chattanooga to stop Rosecrans. While the 2nd Michigan Cavalry was sent with General Carter on a raid into Eastern Tennessee, the rest of the Federal Army of the Cumberland collided with the Confederates at Stone 's River near Murfreesboro on December 29. On December 31, Bragg attacked the Yankee right flank, smashing the first two divisions. The third division, commanded by Philip Sheridan (former Colonel of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry) and including the 21st Michig an Infantry, was a tougher nut to crack. Three times the Rebels charged and three times they were repulsed. Only after running out of ammunition did Sheridan withdraw, having suffered heavy casualties (25). The time bought by Sheridan allowed Rosecrans to realign his forces and stabilize the Union right.

Battery A, 1^st Michigan Light Artillery

The next day, January 1, 1863, while the two great armies were quiescent, the 1st Michigan Engineers got a chance to show they were as handy with a rifle as with an axe. Three thousand of Wheeler's Rebel Cavalry attempted to capture the Union baggage train, but 315 Michigan Engineers fought them off.

The battle of Murfreesboro renewed on January 2, this time on the Union left (the 21st Michigan Infantry was not engaged). After an unsuccessful attack, Bragg withdrew 36 miles to winter quarters, while Rosecrans settled down where he was.

Murfreesboro was not the only battle fought in the winter of 1862. In the east, McClellan had been fired once and for all, and

his successor (Ambrose Burnside) hatched a plan to race Lee to the Rappahannock and push across toward Richmond before Lee could concentrate his forces.

Burnside reached the Rappahannock in early December, but then sat on his hands while Lee's forces filed into line in Fredericksburg across the river. Not until December 11 did Burnside's Army (including the 3rd and 8th Michigan Infantry ) cross the Rappahannock over recently laid pontoon bridges.

The attack got under way on December 13. While the Union center and right were hurling themselves against the stone wall at the base at Marye's Heights, the 3rd Michigan was on the left, supporting Battery C of the 5th U.S. Artillery an d fighting off a Rebel counterattack. The assault on Marye's Heights was a bloody failure and the Union Army withdrew across the river on December 15. The war in the east was over for the winter.

Burnside's last official act after Fredericksburg was sending the army of the Potomac on an ineffectual tramp thru the mud and sleet of wintertime Virginia on January 20. Burnside was replaced by Joseph Hooker in a matter of days.

Aside from this "mud march", the army (including the 3^rd Michigan Infantry) lay in winter quarters until April 28, when it broke camp for the Rapidan. Sickles' 3rd Corps (including the 3rd Michigan) crossed over at the tail e nd of the army on May 1 and went into line near Chancellorsville, in the midst of a forest. On May 2, the regiment attacked but soon found itself cut off. Jackson's troops had marched around to the west and attacked the 11th Corps on the Union right flank , driving it in confusion. The regiment fought its way back to the main body, and that evening took part in a bizarre night attack on, they soon discovered, their own troops. The attack may not have been a total waste, however, because the noise made the Rebels nervous and so may have contributed to their firing on "Stonewall" Jackson that night. He died eight days later.

Headquarters, 21^st Michigan Infantry

21^st Michigan by Matthew Brady

Troops of the 21^st Michigan Infantry

Members of the 21^st Michigan Infantry

The Federals were now in secure positions, and the Rebels desisted from further attacks. On May 6, the Union Army withdrew across the Rapidan, having achieved nothing for its trouble.

Lee's Army was soon on the march, heading north, and the Army of the Potomac started in pursuit. The Michigan Cavalry Brigade (including the 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry regiments (27)) broke camp on June 25 with the orders t o find Lee. While en route, command of the brigade passed to George Armstrong Custer, and George Gordon Meade replaced Hooker as commander of the Army of the Potomac.

On June 30, Custer's Brigade saw its first combat near Hanover, Pennsylvania. Rebel cavalry threw the 5th and 6th Michigan Cavalry out of Hanover and the brigade was hard pressed until the Rebels withdrew, leaving Hanover to Custer (28) .

The brigade again collided with the Rebels at Hunterstown, Pennsylvania, on July 2. After an attack by Company A of the 6th Cavalry was repulsed, the Rebel counterattack was smashed by an enfilading fire from the other companies. The ot her regiments of the brigade (including the 7th Cavalry) were only lightly engaged.

Meanwhile, the 3rd Michigan Infantry (as part of Sickles' Corps) broke camp on June 11 and arrived at Gettysburg on July 2. The situation was desperate. The Rebels had already driven the Union forces through the town to Cemetery Hill, a nd further south were menacing the Union left flank at the Emmitsburg Pike. Sickles threw his forces to the pike into a peach orchard with the 3rd Michigan deployed as skirmishers. After some of the most severe fighting experienced by the 3rd Michigan (28 A), the corps withdrew to Cemetery Ridge.

D.G. Crotty of the 3rd Michigan wrote: We are fighting in a peach orchard, and they make it very hot for us. Their artillery do some fearful execution among our ranks, and frequently we have to lie very low. The battle rages fearfull y along the lines. On our part of the lines we are hard pushed Our gallant Sickles falls wounded, and is borne off the field. Our division and corps feel disheartened at this, and we feel a little panic stricken. Our Colonel, Byron R. Pierce, is wounded W e lose a good many men. The rebels push us so hard that we have to give way. They pour their balls and shells like hail around us. We still get back, and everything looks bad for us. Making our way back, and getting on top of a round hill, an officer ride s up, General Williams of Michigan, and begs of us, for God's sake, to form a line right there, for if the enemy gained this hill the army would be in great danger. Palling into line in an instant, end facing the rebels, we pour volley after volley into t hem. They falter. We load and fire. Some of them commence to skedaddle, more follow, when all them up and dust. We chase them into their own line* ending the fighting on our part of the lines.

The following day, July 3, was Pickett's grand but futile charge at Cemetery Ridge. Crotty described the scene: About four o'clock in the afternoon, a tremendous fire is opened on us by the enemy, with all their artillery. We lie down and hug mother earth, knowing just what is coming next, as a heavy firing like that is always a prelude to a charge by the enemy. The rebels, after a ten minutes cannonade, cease firing. We raise our heads over the works, and a sight meets our gaze that none who saw it will ever forget. Line after line of rebel infantry emerge from the woods in our front, and it is evident that they are coming on their last charge. All our guns are doubleshotted with schrapnell, grape and cannister, ready to pour in to the approaching masses. The charge is to be made a short distance to our right, and we watch the whole proceedings from where we are. The rebel masses come up as cool as if on parade, and our men coolly wait for their coming. Ready, is the order, and t he enemy are within one hundred yards of our line. They come closer still, all yelling and making a horrible noise. Our men stand their ground, and all are ready to repel the attack. The enemy are almost up to our works when the order is given to fire; ar tillery and infantry pour their deadly missiles into their solid ranks. More than half of those animated masses are made to bite the dust. For a moment the men in the rear are non-plussed, and some fly back, only to be killed by the unerring aim of our me n. The survivors are desperate, and keep forward on their forlorn hope, only to be slaughtered as they come (29).

While Pickett's charge was being broken at the Union center, Custer's Cavalry Brigade was posted two miles east of Gettysburg, supporting Battery M of the 2nd U.S. Artillery, when the Rebels attempted to turn that flank. The 5th Mic higan Cavalry, after exhausting its ammunition, was forced to retire. A charge by the 7th Michigan Cavalry broke the Rebel attack, but then the 7th too was compelled to fall back (30). The 1st Michigan Cavalry then took over, routing the enemy once and fo r all. The 6th Michigan Cavalry played only a supporting role.

Custer's Brigade was detailed to pursue Lee's retreating army. Between July 7 and July 14, the brigade was in almost daily contact with the enemy in Maryland (31). On July 14, it caught Lee's rear guard crossing the Potomac at Falling W aters, Maryland. Companies C and D of the 6th Michigan Cavalry were deployed as skirmishers while Companies B and F charged the Rebel breastworks (32). They were at first repulsed but, reinforced by the rest of the brigade, carried the works and drove the Rebels to the river (see illustration). Three Confederate flags and many Rebel soldiers were captured.

Aside from a few more skirmishes in July (33), Custer's Brigade did not see action again until mid-September, when it was involved in a series of engagements in and around Culpepper Courthouse, Virginia (34). On October 9, the Rebels at tacked Kilpatrick's division (which included Custer's Brigade), forcing it to withdraw to James City, Virginia on October 10. The Union Cavalry continued to retreat to Brandy Station where, on October 11, the Rebels surrounded Custer's brigade. With the 6 th and 7th Michigan Cavalry holding the rear, the 1st and 5th charged, cutting their way to the Rappahannock.

On October 15, the division began a reconnaissance from Bull Run down the Warrenton Pike. The second brigade drove Stuart's Rebel Cavalry to Gainsville on October 18, and on the 19th, Custer's first brigade took over the pursuit. Stuart made a stand at Buckland's Mills, but Custer flanked him out of that position. The 7th Michigan Cavalry was engaged on the right (35), when a large force of Rebel infantry attacked, driving in the 6th Michigan Cavalry (who were engaged as skirmish ers (36)) and cutting off part of the 5th Cavalry. The division was forced to retreat to Gainsville.

Two more skirmishes (37) marked the end of fighting for Custer's brigade in 1863.

Meanwhile, after Gettysburg, the 3rd Michigan Infantry was involved in only a few minor engagements: Wapping Heights, Virginia on July 23 (where the regiment drove Lee's rear guard off a ridge); and Locust Grove, Virginia on October 1.

On October 9, Lee began advancing northwest along the Rapidan in an attempt to gain Meade's right flank. After a fight on October 14 at Bristoe Station, Lee withdrew to the Rappahannock. On November 7, DeTrobriand's Brigade (including t he 3rd Michigan Infantry) forced a crossing at Kelly's Ford. His line of defense breached, Lee was forced to withdraw to the Rapidan, where he was on October 9.

On November 26, Meade took the offensive, reaching Mine Run (a creek west of the Chancellorsville battlefield) on November 27. After a few skirmishes on the way (38), the 3rd Michigan crossed Mine Run and attacked. Although taking three lines of rifle pits, the regiment had to fall back for lack of support (39). Unable to dislodge the Rebels, the Federal Army withdrew to its winter quarters.

While Newaygans in the 3rd Michigan Infantry and the Michigan Cavalry Brigade were fighting Lee in the east, in the west Newaygans in the 8th and 21st Infantry, the 2nd Michigan Cavalry, and the 1st Engineers and Mechanics were figh ting Braxton Bragg's Army of the Tennessee.

THE 8th MICHIGAN

When we last left the 8th Michigan Infantry, they were at Fredericksburg in December of 1862. In March of 1863, the regiment was detached from the Army of the Potomac and sent to Kentucky until June 22, when it was sent to Vi cksburg as part of the 9th Corps. Vicksburg was under siege and was finally starved out on July 4 (the day after Pickett's charge at Gettysburg).

After the fall of Vicksburg, the regiment moved with Grant's Army to Jackson, Mississippi, forcing the Rebels to evacuate that city on July 16.

The regiment then marched to Eastern Tennessee, where it spent the rest of 1863. With the exception of a skirmish at Blue Springs on October 10, things were pretty quiet until November 14, when Confederate General Longstreet began his m ove on Knoxville. Outnumbered, the Union forces withdrew to Knoxville, the 8th Michigan fighting a rearguard action at Campbell's Station on November 16. The regiment was holed up in Knoxville from November 17 until December 5, when the siege was broken.< /P>

After the battle of Murfreesboro in January, 1863, Rosecran's Army of the Cumberland went into winter quarters there. For seven months, the 21st Michigan did little but skirmish and stand picket, while the 1st Michigan Engineers built b ridges and buildings, and repaired railroad tracks in the Nashville area.

During this time, the 2nd Michigan Cavalry was engaged in reconnaissance and skirmishing around Murfreesboro, meeting the enemy twelve times during the seven months (40).

Finally, on August 14, the Federal Army broke camp and began its advance on Chattanooga, with the 2nd Cavalry among those scouting ahead of the army.

Sheridan's division, with the 21st Michigan in the lead, crossed the Tennessee River at Bridgeport, Alabama on September 2 (after the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics had laid a pontoon bridge to replace one the Rebels had burned). With the Union Army menacing him from the south, Bragg was forced to evacuate Chattanooga on September 8.

On September 18, the Union Army was arrayed parallel to Chickamauga Creek in Georgia. The 2nd Cavalry and Sheridan's division (which included the 21st Michigan) were on the far right of the Union line, at Crawfish Springs.

On September 19 the battle of Chickamauga opened with an attack on the Rebel right. The Rebels responded with an attack on the Union center. The Union right was called in to lend a hand, so Sheridan's division marched from Crawfish Spri ngs to Lee and Gordon's Mill, to a position opposite Hall's Ford, skirmishing all the way.

As night closed the first day's battle, the Union right pulled in further, with the 21st Michigan taking up a position at the widow Glenn's house, on the far right of the Union line.

On the 20th, the Union left desperately fought off Confederate attempts to turn that flank. But the battle was lost when Wood's division pulled out of line to reinforce the left, leaving a gap in the Union center which the Confederates immediately exploited. The Union right, including the 21st Michigan Infantry, attempted to close the gap. But after bitter hand to hand combat in which the regiment suffered 50% casualties (including Colonel McCreary, who was wounded and captured). The Un ion right (including the 2nd Michigan Cavalry, which was also heavily engaged (41)) was forced to retreat to Rossville to the north.

The retreat of the Union Army was covered by General George H. Thomas, who continued to fight off the Rebels at Snodgrass Hill, earned his title "The Rock of Chickamauga".

Rosecran's Army (turned over to General Thomas on October 1) took up residence in Chattanooga, bottled up by Bragg's Army of Tennessee. Not needed in a combat role, the 21st Michigan Infantry was assigned to engineering duty with the 1s t Michigan Engineers and Mechanics. Food was scarce in besieged Chattanooga. The men were put on half rations, and horses and mules were dying of starvation. Thanks to a pontoon bridge laid at Brown's Ferry on October 26 by the Michigan Engineers and 21st Infantry, a supply line was opened.

General Grant took command of the western forces on October 19 and had soon laid plans for a break-out from Chattanooga. The plan was put into operation on November 23, when Sheridan's and Wood's divisions (without the 21st Michigan) to ok possession of Orchard Knob to the east of Chattanooga. The next day, General Hooker's troops flanked the Rebels off Lookout Mountain, south of the city. Finally, on the 25th, Sherman's troops attacked the Confederate right while Sheridan and Wood attac ked the Rebel Center on Missionary Ridge. To everyone's surprise, they took the ridge, completely routing Bragg's Army. The siege of Chattanooga was broken.

Meanwhile, the 2nd Cavalry was sent north, where they were involved in several skirmishes in Middle (42) and Eastern (43) Tennessee.

By the summer of 1863, Michigan had fielded nine regiments of cavalry, but more were forthcoming. John H. STANDISH, a 44-year-old lawyer and veteran of the 1st Texas Cavalry who had come to Brooks Township in 1852, decided he could no l onger stand aside while the war raged on. So Standish went to Grand Rapids to secure a cavalry captain's commission, then opened a recruiting office at Brooks. We don't know what his secret was, but Standish definitely had a talent for recruiting. He sign ed up some 14 Newaygans in a three day period in July (44), and 30 more in August (45). Ten more Newaygans enlisting in September and October (46) brought the company up to full strength.

Company A of the 10th Michigan Cavalry, the only unit to be manned and commanded by Newaygans, was mustered into service on November 18. Standish was the Captain, with Muskegon's Henry W. Sears as 1st Lieutenant, and Newaygo's Wallace W . DICKINSON as 2nd Lieutenant. The regiment soon went south, spending December, 1863 and January, 1864 at Camp Nelson, Kentucky. We'll pick up their story later.

When the first draft lottery was drawn in July, 1863, riots erupted in New York City. To prevent a repeat of the rioting, troops (including the 3rd Michigan Infantry) were sent to New York. In August, with the 3rd Michigan on hand, the lottery in New York City and later in Troy, New York, went off quietly.

One cause of the opposition to the draft was the fact that a rich man could easily avoid it, either by paying $300, or by hiring a substitute. Several Newaygans hired substitutes (47). Nor was opposition to the draft unknown in Newaygo County. Paul Mills MacDonald tells the story of his ancestor, William Douglass, who, when drafted, simply refused to go. He objected that he had a family to support and pointed out that Uncle Sam already had his four brothers. The sheriff went out to arre st William, but nothing ever came of it.

However, most of those drafted went. At least eight draftees from Newaygo County were mustered into the service in October and November, 1863, all but one (48) assigned to the 4th Michigan Cavalry (49).

Several more Newaygans avoided the draft in 1863 by enlisting in the unit of their choice (a choice denied to draftees (50)).

While more Newaygans were going off to war, others were coming home, at least temporarily. At least five Newaygans reenlisted in the 3rd Michigan Infantry on Christmas Eve, 1863 (51), and were soon on their way home for a 30 day "vetera n's furlough."

1864: THE WAR IN THE EAST THE PETERSBURG CAMPAIGN

As spring came to Virginia in 1864, the Federal Army (now under the command of General Grant) prepared for yet another campaign to Richmond. Newaygans took part in this campaign as members of the 3rd, 8th and 27th Michigan Infantry regiments.

The 8th Michigan Infantry, after its involvement in the siege of Knoxville, Tennessee in December, 1863, was sent home on a veteran's furlough. In March, 1864, the regiment returned to the front, but this time in Virginia.

The 27th Michigan Infantry, also lately from the siege of Knoxville, and recently augmented by at least six recruits from Newaygo County (52), arrived in Virginia in April.

Both the 8th and the 27th joined the Army of the Potomac as part of the 1st Brigade, 3rd division of Burnside's IX Corps.

Meanwhile, the 3rd Michigan Infantry was already in Virginia, as part of the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division of Hancock's II Corps.

On May 4, the 3rd Michigan crossed the Rapidan and, after crossing the site of the Chancellorsville battle the year before, was rushed into battle, to the relief of Warrens's Corps, late in the day on May 5.

The next day the "Battle of the Wilderness" resumed, with the 3rd Michigan taking 3 lines of breastworks, but being forced to withdraw for lack of support. Crotty described the action:

The order comes to forward, and we go in, thinking to surprise the Johnnies, but they are up and waiting for us in the thick chaparral They pour a volley into our ranks, and the ball has commenced once more. Both sides stand and take the fearful fire, and the whole line seems to be one vast sheet of flame in the early morn. The number that fall on both sides is fearful, for we are fighting at very close range. We charge on their lines with great odd* but they stand their ground like a solid wall of masonry. The roar of musketry, the dying groans of the wounded, the hellish yells of the rebels, and the shouts and cheers of the Union men, mingle together, all making a noise and confusion that is hard to describe. Nothing is thought of hut load and fire. The wounded must take care of themselves, and every man must stand and fight till either killed or wounded The rebels fall in their line but those who fall have their places filled with a man in the rear. So they fall, one on another. P retty soon those in the rear make breastworks of their dead comrades. We don't like this kind of fighting much, and forward on the charge in four or five lines deep. The rebels now give way and we chase them through the dense forest. We have to be very ca reful or we step on their dead and wounded, which lay around in thousands. We drive them nearly a mile, when they fall behind some works for shelter. We now halt, for their artillery begins to fire into us. We hear them forming their broken lines, and the ir officers lead them forward again. About this time both armies, nearly two hundred thousand strong, keep up a raffle of musketry like the boiling cauldron of hell, as it is represented to us by our good Chaplains. Nothing is done on this day but perfect slaughter on both sides, and at last night puts an end to the sickening carnage. Which has the worst of the days' slaughter? We certainly suffer the most in killed and wounded, for our numbers are almost two to one, but neither side, as far as ground is concerned, has any advantage, for both armies lie down where the battle commenced The stench on this night is fearful, for the weather is very hot and the dead bodies, which lay around in thousands, commence to mortify. We suffer fearfully, too, on accoun t of the scarcity of water, and the sight of a mud-puddle is pleasant indeed -- we go for it like a drowning man catching at straws. Oh, how tired we are, after these two fearful days. We stretch ourselves down, but are too tired to sleep, and spend the n ight in the greatest misery.

At least four Newaygans in the 3rd were casualties in this fight (53).

Meanwhile, the IX Corps (including the 8th and 27th Michigan Infantry) crossed the Rapidan on May 5, and the following day was put in line between Warren's and Hancock's Corps just in time to blunt a Rebel attack.

Unable to make headway at the wilderness, Grant attempted to cut around Lee's right, attacking at Spotsylvania on May 12. The 3rd Michigan Infantry, posted on the far left of the Federal line, attacked at daybreak and succeeded in takin g three lines of Rebel works

(54). The 8th and 27th were also successful, taking some Rebel trenches and fighting off Rebel attempts to retake them.

After the bloody contest at Spotsylvania, Lee withdrew again, south of the North Anna River. On May 23 and 24, the Federals forced crossings on the right and left (the 3rd Michigan on the left). In the center, Burnside's Corps (includin g the 8th and 27th Michigan Infantry) was stalled north of the river. Finding Lee in a good defensive position, on May 26 Grant's Army withdrew north of the river and sought to flank Lee to the east.

But again Lee interposed his army between Richmond and the Union Army, this time at Cold Harbor, south of Totopotomy Creek. Burnside's Corps, (including the 8th and 27th Michigan) on the Union right charged the Rebel works, but was repu lsed with heavy loss (55).

The 3rd Michigan, though engaged briefly at Totopotomy Creek on May 31, did not see action at Cold Harbor: it was in the midst of a reorganization. Since not enough men of the 3rd had reenlisted, the regiment was being disbanded. Those whose three year term of enlistment had expired were sent home to be mustered out (56), while four companies of men who had reenlisted were transferred to the 5th Michigan Infantry (5 7) (a regiment from the Detroit area that had brigaded with the 3rd sin ce the fall of 1861).

After the repulse at Cold Harbor, Grant bypassed Richmond for the more strategically important Petersburg to the south. Attacks were launched in an attempt to breach the Rebel works there, but to no avail. The 5th Michigan Infantry's as sault on June 16 was unsuccessful. On June 17 the 8th Michigan took some Rebel works, but was thrown back (58). On June 18, the 5th took two lines of works, was shifted to another part of the line, attacked, but made no headway. Finally, on June 22, an at tack by the 5th followed by a Rebel counterattack left the regiment in the same position as before the attacks (59).

The initial assaults having failed, the Union Army settled down to what would turn out to be ten months of trench warfare, with only an ineffectual attack now and then to relieve the boredom.

The 5th Michigan Infantry participated in one such attack on July 27 and 28 at Deep Bottom (on the James River between Petersburg and Richmond). Achieving nothing, the regiment returned on July 30 to its trenches on the left of the Unio n line.

That same day, there was a huge explosion at the center of the Confederate lines. A mine placed by the Yankees had been detonated to breach the Rebel works. Union troops (including the 8th & 27th Michigan Infantry) poured into the c rater created by the blast. But once in, they had no place to go. Confusion and slaughter caused by Rebel shelling reigned until the Union forces escaped back to their own lines.

In mid-August, the 5th (augmented by some new recruits from Newaygo County) (60) left their trenches for another attempt to break the Rebel lines between Petersburg and Richmond. On August 16, with the 5th deployed as flankers, an unsuc cessful attack was made on the Rebel works at Strawberry Plains (just east of Deep Bottom).

Meanwhile, on August 18, the Union Army cut the Weldon railroad running south out of Petersburg. On the 19th, the 8th and 27th Michigan Infantry fought off Rebel attempts to retake the railroad. Fighting continued here for the next few days (61).

Another Union push to the west began at the end o' September, in which the 5th, 8th and 27th all participated.

These regiments met the enemy at Poplar Springs Church and Peeble's Farm on September 30. On October 2, the 8th and 27th fought the Rebels at Pegram's Farm on the Boydton Plank Road, and again on that road on October 8.

Another push began at the end of October with the 8th Michigan Infantry engaged at Hatcher's Run on the South Side Railroad on October 27 and 28. Meanwhile, the 5th Michigan Infantry attacked the Confederate right at the Boydton Plank R oad on October 27 (62), but was repulsed. "Of course, it would not be gallant to say that anybody run,'' reported D.G. Crotty, "but if there was any tall walking done during the war, we did it crossing that field." The rest of 1864 was spent in the trench es.

While the infantry was still in winter quarters north of the Rapidan, an ambitious plan was being put into motion. On February 28, 1864, selected cavalry units (including the 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry) under the command of Genera l Kilpatrick proceeded south to Richmond to free Union prisoners at Libby Prison. While not achieving its objective (the Yankees were stopped five miles short of Richmond on March 2, and had to escape down the peninsula (63)), "Kilpatrick's Raid" has gone down in history for its daring.

During the Battle of the Wilderness on May 6, the 6th Cavalry was involved in a skirmish with Rebel cavalry at the Brock Pike/Furnace Road (64).

On May 9, Sheridan's Cavalry Corps began a raid to Richmond, capturing Beaver Dam Station that same day. By May 11, the division had reached Yellow Tavern, just north of Richmond. There, Custer's Cavalry Brigade (including the 6th and 7 th Michigan Cavalry) succeeded in flanking the Rebels out of one position (killing J.E.B. Stuart in the process), but failed to dislodge them from another. The next day, the brigade forced a crossing of the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, and completed the raid at Malvern Hill on May 13.

At the end of May, Custer's Brigade was fighting just south of the Pamunky River, routing the enemy at Milford (near Hanover) on May 27, at Hawes Shop on May 28, and at Old Church (near Cold Harbor) on May 30 (where the 7th Cavalry was engaged but the 6th held in reserve).

In June, the brigade was sent west, toward Trevillian Station, Virginia. Rebel cavalry attacked the brigade on June 11, cutting the column and forcing it to form a circle to fight off the Rebels (65). The other brigades came to Custer's rescue. The next day, the division advanced toward Gordonsville, with the 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry in the advance. After a stiff fight (65a), the division failed to dislodge the enemy, and withdrew on the 13th.

On July 31, the Michigan Cavalry Brigade was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley under General Phil Sheridan. Between August 11 and September 4, the brigade, scouting ahead of the army, was engaged in various skirmishes between Harpers Ferry and Winchester (66).

Later in September, Sheridan began in earnest to drive Early's Rebel Army out of the valley. On September 19, his infantry attacked Winchester from the east. The attack was stalemated until, partly as a result of his famed ride, the tro ops rallied. Meanwhile, north of Winchester, Custer's Cavalry forced a crossing of Opaquan Creek (with the 7th Michigan unsuccessfully charging a ford while the 6th Michigan laid down a covering fire) and began advancing down the Martinsburg Pike toward W inchester. Custer described the scene: At this time five brigades of cavalry were moving on parallel lines... the line of brigades, as they advanced across the open country, the bands playing the national airs, presented in the sunlight, one moving mas s of glistening satires. This, combined with the various and bright colored banners and battle-flags, intermingled here and there with the plain blue uniforms of the troops, furnished one of the most inspiring as well as imposing scenes of martial grandeu r ever witnessed upon a battle field.

The Union Cavalry was then confronted by the Confederates' ... entire cavalry force, composed of the divisions of Lomax and Fitz Hugh Lee ... The enemy... advanced from the woods and charged our line of skirmishers... Our skirmis hers were forced back, and a portion of my brigade was pushed forward to their support. The enemy relied solely upon the carbine and pistol; my men preferred the sabre. A short but closely contested struggle ensued, which resulted in the repulse of the en emy.

The Union Cavalry soon reached the Rebel infantry, dug in before Winchester. Waiting until the Federal infantry had flushed the Rebels out of their trenches, Custer... gave the command to charge... The 1st, 5th, 6th and 7t h Michigan with a portion of the 25th New York, advanced in one line, most of the command using the sabre alone... The enemy, upon our approach, turned and delivered a well-directed volley of musketry, but before a second discharge could be given m y command was in their midst, sabering right and left, and capturing prisoners more rapidly than they could be disposed of... My command... captured over 700 prisoners, including 52 officers; also 7 battle flags...

After the defeat at Winchester, Early's last gasp was at Fisher's Hill on September 22 (67). Early was driven from the valley, and the brigade began a raid down the south fork of the Shenandoah to Port Republic, then back up the north fork toward Winchester (68), laying waste to the valley as they went.

Recruitment during the first part of 1864 was slow in Newaygo County, only nineteen men enlisting the first seven months (69). Enlistment picked up beginning in August, with some thirty-nine Newaygans signing up from August to October i n the 6th Michigan Cavalry (69a), the 10th Michigan Cavalry (70), the 21st Michigan Infantry (71), the 14th Michigan Infantry (72), the 3rd Michigan Infantry (reorganized) (73), and some other units (74).

Those not quick enough about enlisting found themselves drafted and assigned to the 13th (75), 23rd (75a), 9th (76), 15th (77), and 8th (78) Michigan Infantry regiments.

At the close of 1863 the 2nd Michigan Cavalry was in Eastern Tennessee. After a few skirmishes there in January, 1864 (79), the regiment was out of action while the troopers who had reenlisted (80) were given a thirty day veterans furlo ugh, returning in May.

Meanwhile, the Newaygans drafted into the 4th Michigan Cavalry (81) joined the regiment (82) on February 28, 1864 at Nashville, where the regiment was being reequipped and rearmed with Spencer breech loading carbines.

In early May the 2nd and 4th Cavalry joined Sherman's Army in its Atlanta campaign, meeting the enemy several times between Rome and Marietta, Georgia in May and June (83).

In July, the 4th Michigan Cavalry was sent to raid the Augusta railroad east of Atlanta, skirmishing with the Rebels several times (84).

On July 22, the siege of Atlanta began, and from August 1 to 14, the 4th Michigan Cavalry served as infantry in the trenches. On August 18 the 4th Cavalry left on a daring raid around Atlanta. They clashed with the Rebels daily (85), go ing without sleep until safely back within Union lines on August 23.

Atlanta fell on September 2, and that month and the next the 4th Cavalry was in northern Georgia, picketing, skirmishing, and harassing Hood's Rebel Army (which had begun marching northwest in an effort to draw Sherman out of Georgia). On October 26, the 4th left for Louisville, Kentucky to be reequipped, arriving back in Nashville on January 8, 1865.

On January 27, 1864, the 21st Michigan Infantry was placed in an "Engineer's Brigade" along with the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics. From then until the end of September, the brigade was scattered over Tennessee, building brid ges, maintaining railroads, running sawmills and constructing buildings.

In early July, the 2nd Michigan Cavalry was sent from the Atlanta Campaign to guard the railroads between Nashville and Rutherford's Creek. At the beginning of September, Wheeler's Cavalry was menacing Nashville, but the 2nd Cavalry hel ped drive him off (86).

At the end of September, the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics were sent to Atlanta to work on fortifications. The 21st Michigan Infantry was relieved from engineering duty and sent to Nashville.

At this time, Rebel raiders (this time under Forrest) were once again threatening Nashville. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry and the 21st Michigan Infantry were both part of the Federal forces sent to run Forrest to ground. The 2nd Cavalry fou ght the Rebels at Franklin on September 27 and Cypress River on October 7. The pursuit ended at Florence, Alabama, whence the 21st Michigan Infantry was sent to Rome, Georgia to join Sherman's Army.

No sooner had Forrest been driven out of Tennessee than the entire Rebel Army appeared on the scene. Hood thought that Sherman would have to leave Georgia if the Confederates took Nashville. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry (less several Newayg ans whose terms of enlistment had expired (87)), detailed to determine Hood's whereabouts, clashed with his avant garde several times during November and was forced to retire each time (88).

On November 30, a pitched battle was fought at Franklin, Tennessee. Schofield's Union forces withdrew that night, but not until after severely damaging Hood's Army of Tennessee (which he had foolishly thrown against well-entrenched Yank ees).

Members of the 1^st Michigan Engineers at Atlanta

When Hood finally reached Nashville, his forces were so depleted that General Thomas' Union forces were able to completely route them on December 15. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry harried the retreating Confederates until Hood was out of Ten nessee.

Meanwhile, in mid November, Sherman's Army in Georgia began its famous (or infamous) "March to the Sea". Newaygans participated in the campaign as members of the 13th, 14th, and 21st Michigan Infantry regiments and the First Michiga n Engineers and Mechanics.

After tearing up rails and generally wrecking everything in its path, Sherman's Army arrived in front of Savannah on December 10 and settled down for a siege. However, on December 20, the Confederates abandoned the city, completing Sher man's campaign through Georgia.

When we last left Company A of the 10th Michigan Cavalry at the end of 1863, it was at Camp Nelson, Kentucky. The regiment soon left for Knoxville, in Eastern Tennessee. Using Strawberry Plains as its base, the regiment spent the re st of the year patrolling the area of Tennessee northeast of Knoxville along the Holston River (89).

In March and April the regiment undertook a short reconnaissance, meeting the Rebels at Bean's Station on March 27.

At the end of April, the regiment was ordered to destroy the bridge over the Wautauga River at Carter's Station. The regiment drove the Rebels out of Jonesboro on April 25, but were unable to destroy the bridge because the Rebels were h oled up in a mill on the river.

The rest of April and May was spent close to camp, except for a reconnaissance to Greenville on May 30 (90).

In mid-June it was learned that the Confederates had a herd of horses at Kingsport (on the Virginia border). Encountering some Rebels on the way, the regiment lost the element of surprise, and returned empty handed.

The first week of July, on a reconnaissance to the east, the regiment met some guerillas at Wilsonville and drove them across the North Carolina border.

The first week of August was spent on another unsuccessful expedition to destroy bridges over the Holston and Wautauga Rivers.

Later in August, Confederate General Wheeler began a raid to Middle Tennessee. It was thought that Wheeler would go north of Knoxville, so General Gillem was sent from Middle Tennessee to take charge of the Union forces in East Tennesse e. Gillem, thinking Wheeler would take a broad sweep around Knoxville, ordered the 10th Michigan north towards Virginia, leaving Captain Standish (who was in ill health) and 125 convalescents, blacksmiths, and farriers at Strawberry Plains. On August 23, while the main Federal force was skirmishing with some Rebels at Blue Springs, Wheeler's Cavalry Corps (some 6000 strong, plus nine artillery pieces) showed up on Strawberry Plains' doorstep. While Standish with his small force fought off Wheeler's Cavalr y, a party of eight Federals at McMillan's Ford (on the Holston River) held off a Rebel brigade for three hours, until they were flanked and captured.

Interrogating the prisoners, Wheeler asked one "Are all the 10th Michigan Cavalry like you?" "Oh no," the prisoner replied, "We are the poorest of the lot. We are mostly horse farriers and blacksmiths and special duty men, and not much accustomed to fighting." "Well," said Wheeler, "if I had 300 such men as you, I could march straight through Hell."

Wheeler, not wishing to spend any more time with the garrison at Strawberry Plains, bypassed it and continued into Middle Tennessee, where it was left to the 2nd Michigan Cavalry at Nashville to drive him off.

On their way back to Strawberry Plains, the main body of the 10th Cavalry had the good luck to find Confederate raider John H. Morgan at Greenville. On September 4, they charged into the town and Morgan was killed.

At the end of September, the regiment began another expedition to Carter's Station on the Wautauga, this time succeeding in driving the Rebels out on October 2.

On October 10, a party of 75 men under the command of Co. M's Lt. Sherman was ambushed, suffering severe casualties (91). The rest of October was marked by minor skirmishing

Then, in November, Confederate General Breckenridge began advancing on Knoxville from Virginia. General Gillem's troops at Bull's Gap were thrown into a panic, but Major Smith with 100 men of the 10th Michigan Cavalry and 100 men from a North Carolina regiment covered Gillem's retreat at Morristown on November 13, then withdrew to Strawberry Plains.

On November 17, the Union and Confederate artillery dueled and the skirmishers were heavily engaged, but Breckenridge decided against a frontal attack.

The next campaign was an expedition along the Clinch Mountains toward Saltville, Virginia, beginning in December. Saltville was reached on December 20, and the salt works destroyed. The regiment returned to Knoxville in January, 1865.

As 1865 dawned, Lee was bottled up at Petersburg, Hood's Army had been smashed at Nashville, and Savannah had fallen to Sherman's Army. The Confederacy was clearly on its last legs, and many Newaygans, fearing that the war would end wit hout their getting a chance to do their part, volunteered. The great majority enlisted in the 10th Michigan Cavalry (92), joining the regiment at Knoxville on March 16.

Other Newaygans joined the 9th Michigan Infantry (assigned to guard duty at Nashville) (93), the 6th Michigan Cavalry (94), and other units (94a).

The draft also continued in 1865. At least fourteen Newaygans were drafted into the 15th Michigan Infantry (95), joining the regiment at Alexandria, Virginia on May 21 (after hostilities had ceased). Other Newaygo draftees were assigned to the 16th Michigan Infantry (96), and the 10th Michigan Infantry (97).

It was suspected that Lee would attempt to escape to the southwest. To forestall that possibility, General Stoneman's Cavalry Corps was sent on a raid through southwest Virginia and North Carolina. The 10th Michigan Cavalry left Eas tern Tennessee to accompany Stoneman on this raid on March 20. The regiment arrived at Christianburg on the Lynchburg Railroad on April 5 and proceeded to destroy the railroad and bridges crossing the Roanoke River.

At Henry Courthouse on April 8, a company charged into town, only to be captured by 500 of Wheeler's Cavalry. They were rescued when the rest of the regiment came up and put the Rebels to flight.

On April 10, the regiment remained behind the main force to burn some bridges over Abbott's Creek, North Carolina. After having done so, the regiment was discovered by a brigade of Rebel Cavalry and forced to withdraw, inflicting, howev er, heavier casualties on the enemy. Major (formerly Captain) Standish was cited for his "coolness and courage" in this engagement.

The regiment rejoined the main force, taking Salisbury, North Carolina on April 11.

Meanwhile, the Federal Infantry (including Newaygans in the 5th, 8th and 27th Michigan Infantry regiments)) lay in the trenches before Petersburg. On March 25, the 8th and 27th repulsed an attempt to take Fort Steadman, while on the sam e day the 5th Infantry attacked the Rebels at Hatcher's Run.

On April 2, the Federal Army began a final assault on Petersburg, the 8th and 27th capturing Fort Mahon. The next day, both Richmond and Petersburg fell, and Lee began retreating to the west.

The Michigan Cavalry Brigade, meanwhile, had returned from the Shenandoah Valley at the end of February, riding a raid that ended on the Pamunkey River on March 19. On April 1 the brigade, posted on the left of the Union line at Five Fo rks, helped occupy the rebels while the infantry on the right smashed Pickett's line. After the fall of Petersburg, the brigade joined the pursuit of Lee's Army.

At Saylor's Creek on April 6, Lee split his forces (Gordon to the north, Ewell to the south). The 5th Michigan Infantry, as part of Humphrey's Corps, fought Gordon, while the Michigan Cavalry Brigade, as part of Sheridan's Cavalry Corps , took part in the envelopment and capture of Ewell's Corps. Lee had only postponed the inevitable, and both regiments were in line of battle when Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9.

Lee's surrender was greeted with joy in Newaygo County, where on April 11 a meeting was held in Newaygo to celebrate peace.

But the war wasn't over yet. On January 17 through 20, Sherman's Army (including Newaygans in the 13th, 14th and 21 st Michigan Infantry regiments, and the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics) left Savannah, heading north. The ; Savann ah River was crossed on February 6 and Columbia, South Carolina captured on February 7.

On February 28, Sherman's Army crossed the Catawba River (the 13th Infantry fighting the Rebels there), and Fayetteville, North Carolina fell on March 12.

The remnants of Hood's Army, now under the command of Joseph E. Johston, were now in a position to oppose Sherman. On March 16, the Federals ran into the Rebels at Averysboro, North Carolina, the 13th, 14th and 21st Michigan Infantry re giments all seeing action. Johnston withdrew that night, making his final attempt to stop Sherman at Bentonville on March 19. It was a confusing battle with both Union and Confederate forces finding themselves cut off at times. The 13th, 14th and 21st Mic higan Infantry regiments were all heavily engaged (98).

On March 23, Sherman's Army reached Goldsboro, North Carolina, and in April proceeded to Raleigh. Lee having surrendered on April 9, Johnston could see no point in continuing the contest, and tendered his surrender on April 13 (though i t was not approved until April 26).

After harassing Hood's Army out of Tennessee in December, 1864, the 2nd Michigan Cavalry, operating out of Waterloo on the Tennessee River, was sent on a raid to Corinth, meeting the enemy there on January 19.

On January 12, the 4th Michigan Cavalry left Nashville, bound for Gravelly Springs, Alabama.

In mid-March, the Union Cavalry in Alabama (including the 2nd &v 4th Michigan Cavalry) began a raid to central Alabama. On April 1, the 4th was engaged at Mulberry Creek. On April 2, while the 2nd Cavalry was skirmishing with the Re bels at Trion, the 4th Cavalry participated in the assault that resulted in the fall of Selma. On April 3, the 2nd Cavalry met the enemy at Tuscaloosa, and at Bridgeville on April 6.

After Montgomery fell on April 12, Wilson's Federal Cavalry turned east toward Georgia. The 4th Cavalry engaged the Rebels at Double Bridges, Georgia on April 18. While the 2nd Cavalry remained in Alabama (their last fight was at Talladaga, Alabama on April 23), the 4th Cavalry continued into Georgia, participating in the capture of Macon on April 20.

Although Lee and Johnston had surrendered, Jefferson Davis was still at large. The 4th and 10th Michigan Cavalry were part of the dragnet put out to catch him.

While the 10th Michigan Cavalry was sent from North Carolina to Central Georgia, the 4th Michigan Cavalry started east from Macon.

Near Irwinsville, Georgia, the 4th made contact with the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry, close on Davis' heels. Colonel Pritchard of the 4th, chose 135 of his best men (99) and rode into Irwinsville in the middle of the night. Posing as Davis' R ebel escort, they duped a citizen into revealing the location of Davis' camp. The battalion surrounded the camp and at dawn on May 10, closed in. They captured Davis and his party without a shot - from the Rebels that is. The 1st Wisconsin was sneaking up on the camp, and two men were killed and four severely wounded before it was discovered they were firing on their own men.

At last the war was truly over, and the North was ready to celebrate (though President Lincoln was not there to see it, having been assassinated on April 14). On May 23, the Army of the Potomac (including Newaygans in the 5th and 27th M ichigan Infantry, and the 6th Michigan Cavalry) trooped down Pennsylvania Avenue during the first day of what would be called the "Grand Review". D.G. Crotty of the 5th Michigan described the scene: About nine o'clock we commence our march down Pennsyl vania Avenue. The buildings are beautifully decorated with all kinds of mottos, evergreens and flags. Thousands flock to the streets to welcome the conquering armies... The sight before our eyes as we pass the Capitol building, is grand in the extreme. As far as the eye can reach along the beautiful Avenue a solid mass of men are seen moving, and all keeping step to the numerous bands that lead the different regiments. One would think that the whole avenue was covered with one vast sheet of burnished stee l, for the bayonets glitter in the sunlight, and throw their bright lustre on all around Cheer upon cheer goes up from the crowds as the old tattered flags pass by. There are people present from all parts of the civilized world, to see what no other count ry on the face of the earth can produce - a conquering army of citizen soldiers, numbering nearly three hundred thousand. Every available spot is taken up -from the cellars of buildings to the giddy height of fifth story roofs. The lamp post* trees and te legraph poles have their share of humanity clinging to them. As we pass the grand stand we observe the President, Andrew Johnson, the members of his Cabinet, Lieutenant General Grant and staff, Ambassadors from foreign nations, and others of distinction. We salute by dropping our colors, and pass on to camp...

The Grand Review

The next day was Sherman's turn. His "bummers" (including Newaygans in the 10th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 21st Michigan Infantry, and the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics) must have been quite a sight, having just arrived tattered a nd mud stained from the field. But they had won, and this was no doubt one of the proudest days of their lives.

The war had ended but the troops' terms of enlistments had not. Some men were still needed to impose order in the South. Some Newaygans, not seeing the point of remaining in the army now that the Rebels had surrendered, simply deserted (100). Others stuck it out, some into 1866.

The First Newaygans to be mustered out were those in the 10th Michigan Infantry on May 15, 1865 (101). In June, Newaygans serving as members of Sherman's Army in the 13th (102), 14th (103), and 21st (104) Michigan Infantry regiments

were mustered out, as were those in the 11th Michigan Cavalry (105), the 1st New York (Lincoln) Cavalry (106), and several other units (106a).

In July, it was the Army of the Potomac's turn, as the 5th (107), 8th (108), and 27th (109) Michigan Infantry regiments were mustered out (110).

The 15th Michigan Infantry was disbanded piecemeal, the Newaygans being mustered out from May to August (111). Also in August the 2nd (112) and 4th (113) Michigan Cavalry regiments were mustered out (114).

The next month, September, saw the 9th Michigan Infantry (115) and the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics (116) sent home (117).

By far the largest contingent of Newaygans were in the 10th Michigan Cavalry. Although a few were discharged sooner (118) and later (119), most of the Newaygans (some 57 of them) were mustered out with the regiment on November 11, 1865 (120).

The Newaygans in the 3rd Michigan (reorganized) were mustered out over a period of months, the last ones in 1866 (121).

While the rest of the Newaygo County soldiers were going home, those in the Michigan Cavalry Brigade found themselves fighting Indians. Although many were mustered out in the summer of 1865 (122), the rest were sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. In November and December, still more men were mustered out (123) while the others were consolidated into the 1st Michigan Cavalry, sent to the Black Hills, and not discharged until 1866 (124).

1. We also acknowledge with thanks the help of Mrs. Sherry Miller of the Muskegon County Historical Society.

2. If a name in a footnote appears in parentheses, that means that we think that man enlisted from Newaygo County, but have not confirmed it. All men were privates unless otherwise indicated.

3. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas.

4. Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee.

5. Newaygo County enlistees in the 3rd Michigan Infantry in April and May, 1861 at Grand Rapids:

Big Prairie's Alva BONNA, age 20, in Co. K on May 13; died of disease on June 25, 1862 at Savage Station, Virginia

John M. BROWN, age 19, in Co. K on May 13

Ensley Township's Edwin BUCHANAN, age 24, in Co. B on May 13; discharged for disability on February 12, 1862; returned to area

Cyrus N. BULLIN, age 34, in Co. K on May 13

John BUTLER, age 29, in Co. C on May 23

Thomas BYERS, age 25, in Co. H on May 13

Croton Township's Benjamin CARPENTER, age 24, in Co. K on May 13

Brooks' Cpl. John G. CARPENTER, age 32, in Co. K on May 13

Brooks' Dennis CONWAY, age 31, in Co. H on May 13

Lyman A. CRANDALL, age 20, in Co. K on May 13; deserted December 23, 1863

Big Prairie Township's Perry A. CRANDALL, age 22, in Co. H on May 13

Brooks Township's Cpl. Frederick L. DAY, age 22, in Co. K on May 13; transferred to Invalid Corps on April 30, 1864

Newaygo's Sgt. Wallace W. DICKINSON, age 30, in Co. K on May 13; discharged for disability on January 24, 1863; but see footnote 44

Sidney FOX, age 22, in Co. K on May 13; died of disease on October 20, 1862 at Fort Monroe, Virginia

Benjamin Franklin GOOCH, age 30, in Co. F on May 31

Robert GRAHAM, age 22, in Co. H on May 13

Croton Township's Frederick HIGBEE, age 28, in Co. H on May 13

Zephemiah T. HORINE, age 32, in Co. H on May 13; discharged for disability on November 2, 1861

James C. JONES, age 27, in Co. K on May 13; discharged for disability November 15, 1862

Elias H. JUDD, age 22, in Co. K on May 13

Bridgeton's John N. KEMPF, age 22, in Co. C on May 13

John H. MILLER, age 22, in Co. H on May 6

Joseph MILLER, age 29, in Co. C on May 13

Hesperia's Joseph H. "Zeph" MOE, age 28, in Co. K on May 13

Big Prairie's Cpl. James O'DONOHUE, age 22, in Co. K on May 13

William H. PARADISE, age 20, in Co. H on May 6

Samuel T. PRYOR, age 21, in Co. K on May 13

Croton Township's Walter QUIGLEY, age 19, in Co. H on May 6; discharged for disability October 3, 1862; but see footnote 69A

Brooks Township's Anson A. SHELLY, age 22, in Co. H on May 13; transferred to Battery K, 3rd U.S. Artillery on January 17, 1863; wounded at Gettysburg on July 2, 1863; discharged May 13, 1864

George W. TATE, age 22, in Co. K on May 13

Stephen D. THOMPSON, age 21, in Co. F on May 13

Coda WHITE, age 24, in Co. H on May 13

John W. WHITTAKER, age 21, in Co. K on May 13; discharged June 20, 1862

Caleb WOOLPERT, age 20, in Co. H on April 28; transferred to 3rd U.S. Artillery on January 29, 1863; discharged from Battery F on February 8, 1864

6. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. D, 8th Michigan Infantry in August and September, 1861 (all except Zimmerman enlisted at their place of residence):

Dayton's Wiliam M. BROWN, age 38, on August 17; died of disease December 11, 1861

Big Prairie's Cpl. Owen COOK, age 19, on September 19

Dayton's Cpl. Jason T. DOWD, age 27, on August 19; discharged October 23 1 RR)

(William LEGGETT), in Co. D; discharged September 13, 1862; but see footnote 45

Dayton's John REDFIELD, age 40, on August 17; discharged for disability on December 9, 1862; returned to county

Dayton's Musician Chester A. STONE, age 23, on August 17; discharged for disability August 16, 1862; returned to county

Dayton's David W. THURSTON, age 28, on August 23

Big Prairie's Stephen WATERS, age 29, on August 18

Dayton's Daniel W. WILCOX, age 20, on August 17; shot in hand in 1864; discharged October 24, 1864; returned to county

Newaygo's Gotlieb ZIMMERMAN, age 25, on September 1 at Grand Rapids; transferred to Invalid Corps July 1, 1863

7. Newaygo County enlistees in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry from August to November, 1861:

John ALLEN, in Co. E on November 2, at Grand Rapids; deserted March 15, 1864

Everett Township's Sgt. Charles BARTON, age 28, in Co. E on September 21 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability September 25, 1862

Big Prairie's Sgt. Henry BARTON, age 22, in Co. E on September 25 at Grand Rapids

Big Prairie's Robert H. BARTON, age 23, in Co. E on September 25 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability July 24, 1862

Newaygo's Battalion Ouartermaster, John A. BROOKS, Jr., on September 2; discharged for disease June 1, 1862, returned to county

Newaygo's Gamaliel S. CARLISLE, age 30, in Co. E on September 3 at Berlin

John CHEENEY, age 27, in Co. E on September 7 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability September 22, 1862; returned to county

Amos B. COOK, age 22, in Co. E on September 25 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability September 11, 1862; returned to county and died November 16, 1862

Jacob M. DuBOIS, age 34, in Co. C on September 19 at Grand Rapids

Ephraim KELLUM, age 21, in Co. E on September 7 at Casnovia

Aleaser B. MASON, age 23, in Co. E on September 9 at Grand Rapids

Ashland's First Sgt. William H. McGRAW, age 23, in Co. B on September 9 at Dansville; discharged for disability as First Lt. on August 27, 1863

William H. MILLARD, age 25, in Co. E on September 9 at Grand Rapids; transferred to I invalid Corps on September 1, 1863; mustered out (expiration of term of service) October 1, 1864

Everett Township's Daniel MONROE, age 20, in Co. E on September 9 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability March 16 1862

Co. E, 2^nd Mich. Cavalry

Ashland's William M. PIERSON, age 31, in Co. E on September 9 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability February 18, 1862; returned to county

Calvin ROGERS, age 44, in Co. E on August 21 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability April 3, 1863

Croton Township's William H. RUSSELL, age 19, in Co. E on September 14 at White River

Newaygo's Hospital steward Dahiel A. SPICER, age 36, on September 2 at Grand Rapids

Newaygo's Thomas TERRY, age 33, in Co. E on September 25 at Grand Rapids; last record is "in hospital" April 5, 1864

Volney TRASK, age 21, in Co. E on September 11 at Grand Rapids

Big Prairie's Warren TRASK, age 27, in Co. E on September 25 at Grand Rapids; died of disease July 19, 1864 at Jeffersonville, Indiana.

8. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. K, 1st New York (Lincoln) Cavalry in August, 1861 at Grand Rapids:

Brooks Township's Reuben G. DWELL, age 28, on August 29; discharged for disability December 20, 1862

(Edward W. ELDRED), age 24, on August 28; captured April 24, 1864; released May 8, 1864

William J. HARRIS, age 40, on August 12

(Benjamin PARKER), age 34, on August 12

(Cpl. Daniel THURSTON), age 24, on August 12

(Albert C. WHITE), age 25, on August 12; discharged November 12, 1861.

9. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. C, 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics in September, 1861 at Grand Rapids:

David E. GRIFFIN, age 21, on September 17

Ashland Township's Thomas C. HOLLINGTON, age 42, on September 14; died of disease May 25, 1862 at Corinth, Mississippi

Croton Township's Joseph KNISS, age 45, on September 28

Croton Township's Jost STENGEL, age 41, on September 17.

10. Other Newaygo County enlistees, July to October, 1861:

Bridgeton Township's (Seth ELLIS), age 22, in Co. F. 16th U.S. Infantry, on August 27 in Muskegon; discharged (expiration of term of service) as Cpl. on November 27, 1864; returned to area

Erastus H. FREEMAN, age 38, in Dygert's Sharpshooters (attached to 16th Michigan Infantry) on October 24 at Detroit; discharged for disability April 12 1862

Lake's (David O. INGLERIGHT), age 31, in Co. I, 12th Michigan Infantry on October 14 at Lake; wounded on October 5, 1862 at Metamora, Tennessee; discharged May 8, 1863

(Peres Miner PICKETT), age 18, in Co. D, 1st Michigan Infantry, on July 15 at Jackson; discharged for disability February 7, 1862 (but see footnote 20)

(Stephen SHIPPY), age 19, in Co. D, 11th Michigan Infantry on August 24 at Bronson; died of disease February 8, 1862 at Bardstown, Kentucky

Andrew J. SPENCER, age 33, in Dygert's Sharpshooters (attached to 16th Michigan Infantry) on October 24 at Detroit; transferred to U.S. Navy on May 2, 1864; returned to county

11. Major Amass B. WATSON was shot through the thigh here but returned to service

12. Big Prairie's Stephen WATERS was wounded on one such reconnaissance on Wilmington Island on April 16 but returned to service

13. Major WATSON's horse was shot out from under him during this battle. He was discharged for disability on September 24, 1862 and returned to the county

14. Newaygo County enlistees in the 3rd Michigan Infantry in March, 1862:

Dayton Township's Horatio BARNHARD, age 29, in Co. H on March 12 at Grand Rapids

Dayton Township's John BARNHARD, age 25, in Co. H on March 12 at Muskegon

Croton Township's Lawrence L. CAVENDER, age 18, in Co. H on March 4

Dayton Township's Judah B. BAKE, age 32, in Co. K on March 12 at Grand Rapids

Benjamin C. HENDERSON, age 18, in Co. K on March 12 at Grand Rapids; transferred to Invalid Corps on March 31, 1864

Dayton Township's Shinar PRESTON, age 22, in Co. K on March 2 at Grand Rapids

William TURNER, age 38 in Co. K on March 12; discharged for disability June 26, 1862

Dayton Township's Edward WILDER, age 22, in Co. K on March 12 at Grand Rapids; died of disease October 9, 1863

15. Though no Newaygans were among the casualties.

16. Bridgeton's John N. KEMPF of Co. C, was missing in action here but later returned to the regiment

George W. TATE, Sr. of Co. K was shot through the left hand and discharged for disability on October 7, 1862, after which he returned to the county

17. Newaygo County casualties in the 3rd Michigan Infantry at Second Bull Run (a.k.a Groveton) on August 29, 1862:

Dayton's Horatio BARNHARD of Co. H. killed in action

Cyrus N. BULLIN of Co. K, killed in action

Brooks Township's John G. CARPENTER of Co. K; missing in action, but returned to regiment November 13, 1862; discharged for disability May 19, 1863, but see footnote 45

Brooks Township's Dennis CONWAY of Co. H. killed in action

Elias H. JUDD of Co. K, wounded but returned to service

Big Pr,airie's James O'DONOHUE of Co. K, wounded; discharged for disability as Sgt., February 26, 1863

Stephen D. THOMPSON of Co. F. shot in left forearm and right shoulder; lay on battlefield three days; discharged for disability as Sgt., December 30, 1862.

17A. Cpl. Benjamin Franklin GOOCH was shot in the thigh here but returned to service.

18. At least eight Newaygans enlisted in the 3rd Michigan Infantry in March, 1862. See footnote 14. Other Newaygo County enlistees from February to July, 1862 included:

Dayton's Simon Peter BARNHARD, age 17, in Co. K, 3rd Michigan Infantry on August 9 at Grand Rapids

Newaygo's William CHRISMAN, age 22, in Co. E, 3rd Michigan Cavalry, on February 22 at Newaygo; discharged (expiration of term of service) on February 24, 1865

(Orrin FULLER), age 19, in Co. E, 3rd Michigan Cavalry on February 22 at Brooks; discharged for disability August 2, 1862

(George B. JONES), age 19, in Co. E, 3rd Michigan Cavalry at Brooks on February 22

Dayton's (Edmund E. LEWIS), age 18, in Co. K, 4th Michigan Cavalry on July 26 at Lapeer; died of disease November 15, 1862 at Lebanon, Kentucky

19. Newaygo County enlistees in the 21st Michigan Infantry in August, 1862:

Newaygo's Martin BOZYOR, age 25, in Co. E on August 14 at Newaygo

Grove's Jason CARPENTER, age 25, in Co. K on August 11 at Eaton; died June 25, 1865 at Washington, D.C.

Newaygo's Alexander COLE, age 29, in Co. E on August 9 at Newaygo

Newaygo's Nathan DAVIS, age 18, in Co. E on August 14 at Newaygo

Ashland's Henry HARRINGTON, age 37, in Co. E on August 13 at Grand Rapids; died of disease February 10, 1863

Ashland's Orville S. KELLUM, age 24, in Co. H on August 14 at Casnovia

Newaygo's Daniel E. McNUTT, age 18, in Co. E on August 7 at Newaygo

Newaygo's Cpl. Lyman R. MEEKER, age 29, in Co. E on August 14

Newaygo's Chauncey C. MOORE, age 29, in Co. E on August 11 in Grand Rapids; died of disease on April 28, 1863 at Murfreesboro, Tennessee

Newaygo's Daniel D. TOMPKINS, age 18, in Co. E on August 15 in Grand Rapids

Ashland's John D. WHEELER, age 27, in Co. H on August 14 in Grand Rapids; died of disease April 15, 1865 at Beaufort, S.C.

20. Newaygo County enlistees in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry in August, 1862:

Dayton's Gilbert T. HURD, age 20, in Co. H on August 21 at East Saginaw

(Peres Miner PICKETT), age 19, in Co. E on August 12 at Grand Rapids

Fremont's Richard D. WACHTER, age 28, in Co. G on August 15 at Grand Rapids

Fremont Township's Thaddeus L. WATERS, age 27, in Co. G on August 15 at Grand Rapids

(Daniel WILLIAMS), age 19, in Co. B on August 12 at Grand Rapids; discharged for disability February 2, 1863.

21. Newaygo County enlistees in the 6th Michigan Cavalry from July to December, 1862 (all at Grand Rapids unless otherwise noted):

Newaygo's Newton ACKLEY, age 31, in Co. B on September 5

Croton Township's James O. BERRY, age 22, on August 5

Co. A, 6^th Mich.Cavalry

Croton Township's (Thomas C. BORDEN), age 18, in Co. F on September 8 at Solon

Croton's Benjamin F. CUE, age 32, in Co. A on July 28; transferred to U.S. Navy in May, 1864

Croton's Sgt. David B. COLLINS, age 29, in Co. A on July 19

Croton's George W. DANCER, age 26, in Co. A on July 24

Fremont's Joseph DOUGLASS, age 24, in Co. A on August 11

Fremont's Reuben B. DOUGLASS, age 20, in Co. A on November 8

Ensley's Andrew FLYNN, age 31, in Co. A on August 12; suffered sabre cut on both hands and jaw; transferred to U.S. Navy on April 14, 1864

Newaygo's Daniel B. FULLER, age 32, in Co. B on September 15

Newaygo's John D. FULLER, age 42, in Co. B on December 2

Newaygo's James D. GAY, age 31, in Co. B on September 30

Croton's James C. GILLMORE, age 21, in Co. A on August 11

Newaygo's Bugler Calvin R. GLAZIER, age 30, in Co. B on September 6

Dayton's Horace Noyce GOOCH, age 25, in Co. B on August 4

Croton's First Sgt. Edward D. HORTON, age 23, in Co. D on September 1; discharged for disability May 1, 1863

Croton's Albert HUNTER, age 19, in Co. A on August 11; died January 16, 1863 at Washington, D.C.

Ensley's Phillip JORDAN, age 18, in Co. A on August 15

Croton's William E. McCALL, age 21, in Co. A on August 12

Newaygo's Joseph McCUNE, age 22, in Co. A on August 11

Newaygo's Thomas McGOWAN, age 32, in Co. B on September 17

Everett's David MONROE, age 19, in Co. A on August 13

Croton's James M. PAGE, age 23, in Co. A on August 14

Ensley's John SKED, age 27, in Co. A on August 8

Ensley's Vine SKED, age 22, in Co. A on June 12

Newaygo's Cpl. James M. SMITH, age 27, in Co. A on August 5

Big Prairie's Cpl. Darwin P. SWAIN, age 25, in Co. A on August 14

Richard J. SWAIN, age 25, in Co. A on August 4

Everett's Charles P. UTLEY, age 25, in Co. A on August 14

Newaygo's James M. WEBSTER, age 21, in Co. B on September 8; deserted January 25, 1863

Croton's Lewis E. WRIGHT, age 30, in Co. D on September 27 at Croton

Bridgeton's Joseph A. ZERLAUT, age 22, in Co. H on September 29 at Muskegon

22. Newaygo County enlistees in the 7th Michigan Cavalry from November, 1862 to February, 1863:

Big Prairie's Edwin W. BARNES, in Co. K on November 28 at Big Prairie

Ashland's Cpl. William BECKWITH, age 26, in Co. H on January 7 at Ashland; deserted January 26, 1863

Croton's Eli C. CARLE, in Co. K on February 14, at Croton; transferred to Invalid Corps, 1863

Big Prairie's James L. CHRYSLER, age 22, in Co. E on December 2 at Big Prairie

Croton's John DENMAN, age 21, in Co. H on January 27 at Croton; deserted February 2, 1863

Dayton's Amherst H. DICKINSON, age 19, in Co. E on November 28 at Dayton

Dayton's Horace HOPKINS, Jr., age 28, in Co. E on November 28 at Dayton.

23. Newaygo County enlistees in other Michigan regiments in August and September, 1862:

Croton's Charles W. BILLS, age 21, in Co. H. 26th Michigan Infantry on August 21 at Leslie; died of disease February 7, 1863

Croton's John C. BORDEN, age 22, in Co. E, 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics on September 1 at Grand Rapids

Ashland's William C. HOLLlNGTON, age 18, in Co. C, 26th Michigan Infantry on August 11

Little Prairie's (William McCOY), age 41, in Co. C, 4th Michigan Cavalry on August 1 at Little Prairie

Newaygo's William McCUNE, age 31, in Co. H. 4th Michigan Cavalry on August 9 at Newaygo

White River's (Thomas H. SMITH), age 22, in Co. F. 5th Michigan Cavalry on August 15 at White River

Fremont's James THOMAS, age 34, in Battery B, 1st Michigan Light Artillery on September 9 at Detroit; deserted that same month

Newaygo's Ambsiah TOMPKINS, age 27, in Co. C, 26th Michigan Infantry on August 2 at Brooks; accidentally shot June 1, 1863.

24. Ashland's Orville S. KELLUM was wounded here and died of the wounds at Louisville, Kentucky on December 21, 1862.

25. Newaygo's Alexander COLE was wounded here, dying of the wounds on January 20, 1863

Newaygo's Daniel D. TOMPKINS was captured on December 31 but was exchanged on May 6, 1863.

26. It was here that Newaygan John BUTLER of Co. C was wounded, necessitating amputation of his foot and a disability discharge on May 1, 1864.

Dayton Township's Simon Peter BARNHARD of Co. K was captured but paroled and returned to the regiment in October, 1863

Finally, Newaygo's Benjamin C. CARPENTER of Co. K, lost some of his teeth to a minie ball.

27. The 7th Michigan Cavalry was augmented by two more enlistees from Ensley Township:

Porter LAHR, age 18, in Co. M on April 27, 1863 at Ensley; and

William WRIGHTMAN, age 18, in Co. M on April 20, 1863 at Ensley.

28. Newaygo's James D. GAY and

Thomas McGOWAN, both of Co. B, 6th Cavalry, were missing in action here but returned to the regiment later. McGOWAN was discharged for disability on February 10, 1864.

28A. It was here that Cpl. Benjamin Franklin GOOCH was wounded. However, he returned to service.

29. It was here that Newaygo County's John M. BROWN of Co. K was wounded. He died July 12.

30. The 7th's casualties included three Newaygans in Co. E:

Big Prairie's - James L. CHRYSLER, missing in action but later returned to the regiment

Dayton's - Horace HOPKINS, Jr., mortally wounded; died in Baltimore

Dayton's Amherst H. DICKINSON, missing in action but returned to regiment on October 6, 1863.

31. July 4 at Monterey, 6th Cavalry served as skirmishers in successful attack on a Rebel wagon train.

July 6, Hagerstown, 7th Cavalry as skirmishers drove Rebels beyond the town.

July 6, Williamsport, 6th Cavalry fights off a Rebel counter-attack on the brigade's artillery battery.

July 8, Boonsborough, 7th Cavalry charged the enemy off the field.

32. It was here that Dayton Township's Horace Noyce GOOCH of Co. B was killed.

33. Snicker's Gap, Virginia, on July 19; Berry's Ford over the Shenandoah River on July 20; and Newby's Cross Roads on July 24.

34. Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock on September 13; Culpepper Courthouse on September 14; Raccoon Ford on the Rapidan on September 16; White's Ford on the Rapidan on September 21; and Jack's Shop, Virginia on September 26.

35. It was here that Ensley's William HALL, who had enlisted in Co. M, 7th Michigan Cavalry on August 5, 1863 at Grand Rapids, at the age of 27, was captured. See "The Rebels' Prisons" for his story.

36. Bridgeton's Joseph A. ZERLAUT of Co. H. 6th Michigan Cavalry, was shot in the leg here. While in the hospital recuperating from his wound, Abraham Lincoln visited and Zerlaut shook his hand.

37. Stevensburg, Virginia on November 19 and Morton's Ford, Virginia on November 26.

38. At Locust Grove on November 27 and Mine Run on November 29.

39. It was here that Newaygan Joseph MILLER of Co. C was captured. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

40. Milton on February 18; Cainsville on February 19; Spring Hill on February 27; Columbia on March 4 and 5; Hillsborough on March 12; Brentwood on March 25; Triune on June 4; Rover on June 23; Middletown on June 24; Shelbyville on June 27; Elk River Ford on July 2; and Dechard on July 4.

41. It was here that Fremont's Thaddeus L. WATERS of Co. G. 2nd Michigan Cavalry, was captured. A few days later, on September 25

Newaygo's Gamaliel S. CARLISLE of Co. E, 2nd Michigan Cavalry, was captured at Dallas Ford. For their story, see "The Rebels' Prisons"

42. Anderson Crossroads in October and Sparta in December.

43. Dandridge on December 24 and Mossy Creek on December 29.

44. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. A, 10th Michigan Cavalry in July, 1863:

(Cpl. Horace T. BROWN), -age 18, on July 13, at Brooks

(Sgt. Theodore M. CLARK), age 21, on July 13 at Brooks

Brooks Township's Cpl. Phillip Reuben DICKINSON, age 34, on July 13 at Fremont

Fremont Township's Wagoner Amos GATES, age 49, on July 15 at Big Prairie

(William A. HOSKIN), age 46, on July 13 at Brooks

(Patrick KELLEY), age 23, on July 15 at Brooks

(John LANCASTER), age 17, on July 14 at Brooks

(Roswell E. MATHEWS), age 25, on July 13 at Brooks

Brooks Township's Thomas MAYNARD, age 32 on July 13 at Brooks

Brooks Township's Samuel PRICE, age 48, on July 15 at Brooks; died of disease at Nashville on May 4, 1864

Fremont's Nelson E. ROOT, age 25,on July 13 at Brooks; took sick December, 1863 and died of typhoid fever on March 1, 1864 at Camp Nelson, Kentucky

Newaygo's Sgt. Henry C. STONE, age 34, on July 13 at Brooks

Brooks Township's Cpl. Frederick A. THOMAS, age 38, on July 13 at Brooks; discharged for disability February 28, 1864.

45. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. A, 10th Michigan Cavalry in August, 1863:

Croton Township's August C. BERGE, age 17, on August 21 at Croton

Charles C. CARPENTER, age 15, on August 21 at Croton

Croton Township's John G. CARPENTER, age 34, on August 12 at Brooks

Ashland Township's Cpl. David S. CARVIN, age 18, on August 26 at Bridgeton

Barton Township's Cpl. William H. DAVENPORT, age 39, on August 10 at Brooks

(Charles H. GLANN), age 19, on August 31 at Croton

Croton Township's Cpl. Peter HALL, age 49, on August 24 at Croton; transferred to Invalid Corps April 1,

1865; discharged for disability October 19, 1865; returned to county

(David IRWIN), age 18, on August 25 at Croton

(John B. JARSE), age 17, on August 19 at Brooks

(Sgt. Alonzo S. JONES), age 24, on August 17 at Brooks

(William P. LEGGETT), age 30, on August 24, at Leonard

Newaygo's Assistant surgeon Charles W. LEONARD on August 26

Charles W. Leonard Asst. Surgeon Co.

A, 10^th Mich. Cavalry

Co. A, 10^th Mich. Cavalry

Ashland Township's Quartermaster Sgt. Alphonso A. MAXIM, age 21, on August 14 at Bridgeton

Bridgeton's Davis MERRILL, age 17, on August 26 at Bridgeton; died April, 1864 at Knoxville, Tennessee

Croton's James A. MORGAN, age 18, on August 29 at Brooks

William MORGAN, age 20 on August 29 at Brooks

Croton Township's George R. NELLIS, age 20, on August 26 at Croton

(Perry PIERCE), age 18, on August 31 at Croton

Croton Township's Albert PLATT, age 20, on August 25 at Croton

Dayton's Perry PRESTON, age 18, on August 21 at Dayton; died of disease December 20, 1863 at Lexington, Kentucky

Dayton's Nelson ROWE, age 27, on August 24 at Dayton

(Arson RUSSELL), age 17, on August 21 at Croton

Croton Township's William J. RYAN, age 17, on August 20 at Croton

(Earl SCHOFIELD), age 18, on August 10 at Brooks

Peter SEAMAN, age 58, on August 29 at Ashland; discharged for disability October 13, 1864; returned to county

Bridgeton Township's Thomas SHAW, age 49, on August 22 at Green

Croton Township's George STINGEL age 18, on August 26 at Croton

Dayton Township's Willard WILDER, age 21, on August 31 at Dayton

(Edmund WILSON), age 30, on August 16 at Brooks

Bridgeton Township's Henry D. WOODWARD, age 16, on August 26 at Bridgeton.

46. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. A, 10th Michigan Cavalry, in September and October, 1863:

Croton Township's Horace BUCK, age 19, on September 7 at Croton

Brooks' Anthony CRIDLER, age 35, on October 7 at Muskegon

Croton Township's Wesley C. DANCER, age 18, on October 5 at Croton

(William H. FOWLER), age 19, on September 14 at Croton

Cpl. Lucius L. GATES, age 33, (Mexican War veteran), on September 2 at Grand Rapids

Allen A. KELLOGG, age 21, on September 24 at Croton

Brooks' Christopher RAWLINGS, age 26, on September 7 at Brooks

Christopher Rawlings

Co. A, 10^th Mich. Cavalry

John G. RICHARDSON, age 18, on October 10 at Ashland, deserted November 18, 1863

Brooks Township's Samuel R. THOMAS, age 38, on September 7 at Brooks

Bridgeton's Antoine TROUTIER, age 25, on September 1, 1863 at Muskegon, deserted September 10 1863.

47. Snyder H. MOSES paid $300 for a substitute

Ashland's Charles BLOOD hired Jerome STICKNEY

Ashland's James BROWN hired Jacob BRITTON

Dayton's Alexander H. WALKER hired Edward TAYLOR

Ashland's William ADDIS hired George ROBERTS

48. Everett's Henry S. COYKENDALL, age 33, drafted into Co. B, 2nd Michigan Cavalry, on November 2, 1863.

49. Newaygo County draftees assigned to the 4th Michigan Cavalry in October and November, 1863:

Barton's Abraham H. FOX, age 23, in Co. K on October 2.

Dayton's Horace C. JENNEY, age 29, in Co. D on October 2

Ashland's Clarence L. PERKINS, age 24, in Co. K on November 2

Croton's Enoch S. RHOADES, in Co. K on November 2

Bridgeton's Benjamin F. SHERMAN, age 27, in Co. C on November 2

Newaygo's William J. SMITH, age 32, in Co. C on November 2

Fremont's Orrin WISWELL, age 21, in Co. D on October 2

50. Other Newaygo County enlistees in 1863:

Elms Corners' Warren BRADWAY, age 34, in Co. M, 11th Michigan Cavalry, on December 30 at Jonesville

(Edward CHUBB), age 19, in Co. I, 9th Michigan Cavalry on April 30 at Newaygo

Brooks' George W. JARSE, age 19, in Co. F. 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics on December 26 at Grand Rapids

Newaygo's John LaGARDE, age 35, in Co. G. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters on July 11 at Niles, deserted March 26, 1864

Newaygo's Joseph LaGARDE, age 25 in Co. G. 1st Mich. Sharpshooters on July 11 at Niles, deserted November 4, 1863.

(Charles MOE), age 18, in Co. I, 9th Michigan Infantry on August 27 at Newaygo, discharged February 15, 1865

Brooks' Chester C. MITCHELL, age 37, in Co. B, 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics on December 19 at Grand Rapids

(Wallace M. PROBASCO), age 22, in Co. D, 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics on December 18 at Grand Rapids

Fremont's John WILLIAMS, age 32, in Co. F. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters on April 18 at Fremont.

51. Newaygans in Co. H. 3rd Michigan Infantry who re-enlisted on December 24, 1863:

Thomas BYERS

Big Prairie's Perry A. CRANDALL

Cpl. John H. MILLER

William H. PARADISE

Cpl. Coda WHITE.

52. Newaygo County enlistees in the 27th Michigan Infantry in March and April, 1864:

Fremont's Orson O. DAVID, age 21, in Co. D on March 29 at Grand Rapids

Henry H. FELLOWS, age 24, in Co. E on March 31 at Grand Rapids

Austin HENRY, age 42, in Co. B on March 31 at Grand Rapids

Fremont's Benjamin Henry KIMBALL, age 21, in Co. D on Mar. 29 at Gradn Rapids, wounded August 9, 1864 before Petersburg

Fremont's David P. KIMBALL, age 18, in Co. D on April 19 at Grand Rapids

John H. SHAW, age 47, on March 24 at Fremont, no further record.

53. Newaygo County casualties in the 3rd Michigan Infantry on May 6, 1864:

Dayton Township's Simon Peter BARNHARD of Co. K, wounded in the leg and left elbow

Croton Township's Cpl. Lawrence L. CAVENDER of Co. H. wounded and missing in action. He lost his leg and spent six months in the hospital before being discharged for disability on February 10, 1865 and returning home

Elias H. JUDD of Co. K, captured

Hesperia's Joseph H. MOE of Co. K, captured. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

54. It was here that Dayton Township's John BARNHARD of Co. H was shot in the right forearm

Bridgeton's John N. KEMPF of Co. C was also wounded.

55. It was here that Big Prairie's Cpl. Owen COOK of Co. D, 8th Michigan, was killed while carrying the colors

Big Prairie's Stephen WATERS of Co. D, 8th Michigan, was wounded.

56. Newaygans mustered out of the 3rd Michigan Infantry in June, 1864, due to expiration of term of service:

Newaygo's Benjamin C. CARPENTER of Co. K, on June 20; returned to county

Cpl. Benjamin Franklin GOOCH of Co. F on June 20

Robert GRAHAM of Co. H on June 20

Croton Township's Sgt. Frederick HIGBEE of Co. H on June 20

Elias H. JUDD of Co. K on June 22

Bridgeton's John N. KEMPF of Co. C on June 27

Samuel T. PRYOR of Co. K on June 20.

57. Newaygans transferred from the 3rd to the 5th Michigan Infantry on June 10, 1864:

Dayton Township's Cpl. John BARNHARD to Co. A, discharged for disability February 26, 1865; returned to county

Dayton Township's Simon Peter BARNHARD to Co. F; discharged December 5, 1864 due to wounds received May 5, 1864; returned to county

Thomas BYERS to Co. A.

Croton Township's Cpl. Lawrence L. CAVENDER to Co. A; discharged for disability February 10, 1865; returned to county

Big Prairie Township's Perry A. CRANDALL to Co. A.

Dayton Township's Judah B. DAKE to Co. 1

Cpl. John H. MILLER to Co. F

William H. PARADISE to Co. A

Dayton Township's Shinar PRESTON, transferred to Invalid Corps August 9, 1864; mustered out March 12, 1865; returned to county

Cpl. Coda WHITE to Co. A.

58. It was here that Big Prairie's Stephen WATERS of Co. D was killed.

59. Two Newaygans were captured here: Big Prairie Township's Perry A. CRANDALL of Co. A; and

Cpl. John H. MILLER of Co. F. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

60. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. B, 5th Michigan Infantry in June, 1864:

Big Prairie's Alva RIKER, age 25, on June 22 at Big Prairie

Big Prairie's Benjamin F. TRASK, age 32, on June 27 at Kalamazoo

Ashland's David E. WILLIAMS, age 41, on June 27 at Ashland.

61. Newaygan Henry H. FELLOWS of Co. E, 27th Michigan Infantry, suffered a concussion here when hit by a spent ball, but quickly recovered. Fremont's Orson 0. DAVID of Co. D, 27th Michigan Infantry, was captured on August 21. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

62. It was here that Big Prairie's Benjamin F. TRASK of Co. B, was wounded and captured. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

63. White River's Thomas H. WHITE of Co. F. 5th Michigan Cavalry, was captured during this raid, on March 4. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

64. It was here that Everett's David MONROE of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry was captured. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

65. Fremont's Joseph DOUGLASS of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry, was captured here. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

65A. Ezra P. MOORE of Co. A, who had enlisted on January 5, 1864 at Grand Rapids at the age of 23, was killed here.

66. It was between one of these engagements on August 14, that Croton's James C. GILLMORE of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry, was captured. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

67. It was here that Croton's James M. PAGE of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry, was captured. But he was released on November 21.

68. Meeting the enemy at Cedar Creek on October 19, where Ephriam TUCKER was killed.

69. Newaygo County enlistees from January through July, 1864:

Aetna's George BARNES, age 26, enlisted in an unknown unit in May, and died in 1865

Oliver S. BARNHAM, age 29, in Co. K, 26th Michigan Infantry on March 9 at Grand Rapids; transferred to Co. B on April 28, 1864; died of disease at Alexandria on December 13, 1864

Everett Township's Henry EASTMAN, age 21, in Co. B, 8th Michigan Cavalry on February 21 at Grand Rapids; captured at Henryville, Tennessee. See "The Rebels' Prisons".

(William W. JOHNSON), age 41, in Co. D, 10th Michigan Infantry on April 9, at Fremont

Ashland's Charles Gideon LANCASTER, age 19, in Co. A, 26th Michigan Infantry, on February 24 at Grand Rapids

(William D. LANE), age 42, in Co. D, 6th Michigan Infantry on January 20 at Battle Creek; discharged for disability August 1, 1865

Ezra P. MOORE, age 23, in Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry on January 5 at Grand Rapids; killed at Trevillian Station, Virgina on June 12, 1864

Big Prairie's James S. RIKER, age 24, was drafted and assigned to Co. D, 1st Michigan Infantry on June 10

Fremont Township's Henry F. ROBINSON, age 30, in Battery E, 1st Michigan Light Artillery on January 4 at Grand Rapids

Fremont Township's (Riley R. THOMPSON), age 20, in Co. Co, 11th Indiana Cavalry on February 28.

In addition, six Newaygans enlisted in the 27th Michigan Infantry in March and April (see footnote 52) and three Newaygans enlisted in the 5th Michigan Infantry in June (see footnote 60).

69A. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. D, 6th Michigan Cavalry on August 27, 1864 at Grand Rapids:

James L. MITCHELL, age 18; died of disease at Fort Monroe, VA on April 4, 1865

Croton Township's Walter QUIGLEY, age 22, (formerly in Co. H. 3rd Michigan Infantry)

William SEGAR, age 37

Ephriam TUCKER, age 29

70. Newaygo County enlistees in the 10th Michigan Cavalry on August 27, 1864 at Grand Rapids:

Canfield W. COLE, age 34

Samuel McCUNE, age 23

Brooks' Alvin MORGAN, age 18

Brooks' Orrin PLACE, age 16

Brooks' Benjamin J. RHODES, age 20

George VAN BUREN, age 26.

These men joined the regiment at Strawberry Plains on September 25, 1864.

71. Newaygo County enlistees in Co. A, 21st Michigan Infantry from August 31 to September 2, 1864:

(Simon P. DANCER), age 17, on September 1 at Grand Rapids

Fremont Township's Franklin F. DOUGLAS, age 20, on September 1 at Grand Rapids; absent sick, no further record

Robert JACKLIN, age 34, on September 2 at Grand Rapids

Everett Township's Francis A. "Frank" PECK, age 44, on August 31 at Grand Rapids; died April 3, 1865 at New Bern, North Carolina

Solomon V. WALKER, age 27, on September 2 at Jackson.

72. Newaygo County enlistees in the 14th Michigan Infantry from September

6-28, 1864 at Grand Rapids (all in Co. E except as noted):

Ashland Township's Cpl. James M. DEAN, age 33, on September 6

Everett Township's Ira B. PETERS, age 40, on September 15

George ROBERTS, age 22, in Co. H on September 28, (substitute for Ashland's William ADDIS, drafted); died on March 27, 1865 at David's Island, New York

Ashland Township's Franklin SHIPPY, age 20, on September 10; died of disease at Sister's Ferry, Georgia on February 4, 1865

(Jacob A. TERWILLIGER), age 33, on September 15

Horace W. WARREN, age 26, on September 13

(Edgar C. WHITMAN), age 34, on September 6.

73. Newaygo County enlistees in the 3rd Michigan Infantry (re-organized) from September 3-21, 1864:

Big Prairie Township's Samuel I. BARTON, age 35 in Co. A on September 21 at Grand Rapids

Fremont Township's Robert BINNS, age 31, in Co. B on September 3 at Grand Rapids

Edwin LORE, age 29, in Co. B on September 3 at Walker

Denver Township's Edwin R. HAIGHT, age 25, in Co. B on September 20 at Grand Rapids

Hiram OGDEN, age 40, in Co. B on September 3 at Grand Rapids; died April 21, 1865 at Murfreesboro, Tennessee

Sgt. Elisha R. SWAIN, age 26, in Co. B on September 20 at Grand Rapids.

74. Newaygo County enlistees in other units from August 16 to October 7, 1864:

Ashland Township's Stephen D. BARNUM, age 34, in an unknown unit on September 23; discharged November 13, returned to county.

Big Prairie Township's James B. BARTON, Jr., age 19, in Battery M, 1st Michigan Light Artillery on September 3 at Grand Rapids.

Oakfield's Joseph S. BERRY, age 44, in Co. B, 25th Michigan Infantry on September 3 at Grand Rapids; died of disease at Nashville on December 8 1864;

(Samuel BESSEY or BESSY), age 32 in Co. A, 29th Mich. Infantry on August 16 at Fremont

Brooks Township's James CANNON, age 38, in Co. G. 28th Michigan Infantry on September 7 at Antwerp

Croton Township's James CRABTREE, age 44, in Co. A, 10th Michigan Cavalry on October 7 at Grand Rapids

Dayton Township's Silas MILLIS, age 39, in 13th Battery, Michigan Light Artillery on September 1 at Grand Rapids

Orville E. MORTON, age 18, in Battery A, 1st Michigan Light Artillery on September 3, 1864 at Grand Rapids

Croton Township's Ivan C. POWERS, age 19 in Co. E, 11th Michigan Cavalry on September 1 at Grand Rapids

Ensley's William J. SLAIGHT, age 21, in Co. I, 11th Michigan Cavalry on September 1 at Grand Rapids

Big Prairie Township's Alden H. WESTGATE, age 44, in Battery A, 1st Michigan Light Artillery on September 2 at Grand Rapids.

75. Newaygo County draftees assigned to the 13th Michigan Infantry from September 20-23, 1864:

Ashland's Barnard CLARK, in Co. K on September 23

Ashland's Israel HOLDEN, age 36, in Co. K on September 23

Dayton Township's Thomas W. HOPKINS, age 37, in Co. K on September 23

Dayton's Edward HOWARD, age 34, in Co. A on September 23

Ashland's William JONES, age 26, in Co. K on September 23; captured on March 7, 1865 (see "The Rebels' Prisons ")

Dayton's William KIMBALL, age 26, in Co. A on September 20

Dayton's Andrew J. STONE, age 35, in Co. K on September 23

Dayton's Joseph W. WHITEHEAD, age 29, in Co. A on September 23

75A. Newaygo County draftees assigned to the 23rd Michigan Infantry on September 28, 1864:

Dayton's Robert CLARK, age 20, in Co. B

Dayton's Thomas LYNCH, age 26, in Co. I, (both men joined the regiment at Johnsonville, Tennessee on November 12, 1864).

76. Ashland's draftees assigned to the 9th Michigan Infantry on October 4, 1864:

Erastus FELLOWS, age 39, in Co. D; died of disease in Chattanooga on March 15, 1865

Jasper E. HENDERSON, age 24, in Co. C

Daniel J. HOLBROOK, age 22, in Co. E.

77. Newaygo County draftees assigned to the 15th Michigan Infantry from September through December, 1864:

Ashland's Zachariah L. BRITTON, age 38, in Co. A on November 28; died February 20, 1865

Ashland's Apollos W. LAMBSON, age 39, in Co. E on December 29

Co. E, 15^th Mich. Infantry

Dayton's Sylvester STANLEY, age 33, in Co. F on September 23

Dayton's William STANLEY, age 21, in Co. D on September 20

(Edward TAYLOR), age 18, enlisted in Co. K on October 5, (substitute for Alexander W. WALKER of Dayton).

78. Newaygo County draftees assigned to Co. G. 8th Michigan Infantry in November and December, 1864:

Dayton's Richard C. SLOCUM, age 34, on November 28

Ashland Township's Jacob S. BRITTON, age 38, enlisted on December 14 as a substitute for James BROWN of Ashland; deserted December 29

Dayton's Bernard E. MORTON, age 44, on December 28.

79. Dandridge on January 17; and Pigeon River on January 27.

80. Newaygo County members in Co. E who re-enlisted on January 5, 1864 included:

Ashland Township's Ephraim KELLUM and

Ashland Township's Aleaser B. MASON.

81. See men listed in footnote 49.

82. Including Little Prairie's William MCCOY of Co. C, and

Newaygo's William McCUNE of Co. H. both of whom enlisted in 1862.

83. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry met the Rebels at Red Clay; Dug Gap (May 13 and 14); the Etowah River (May 24, 26, 27 and 28); and Ackworth (June 2 and 5). The 4th Michigan Cavalry met the Rebels at Farmer's (or Tanner's) Bridge ove r Armuchee Creek (May 15); Kingston (May 18); Dallas (May 24); Villa Rica (May 26); Lost Mountain (May 27); Big Shanty (June 9); McAfee's Crossroads (June 11); Noonday Creek (June 19); and Lattimer's Mills (where on June 20, two regiments totaling 453 men were attacked by 3600 of Wheeler's cavalry, and held the Rebels off for two hours, retiring only after inflicting four times the casualties suffered).

84. Rosswell (July 4); Flat Rock (July 27 and 28).

85. Fair Oaks and Jonesboro (August 19; Lovejoy's Station and McDonough's (August 20).

86. Meeting the Rebels twelve miles south of Nashville on August 30, and at Campbellsville on September 5.

87. Newaygans in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry discharged at the expiration of their terms of enlistment in October and November, 1864:

Big Prairie Township's First Lt. Henry BARTON of Co. B, on November 11

Jacob M. DuBOIS of Co. C, on October 22

Croton Township's William H. RUSSELL of Co. E, on October 22

Volney TRASK of Co. E, on October 22.

88. Raccoon Ford (October 30); Shoal Creek (November 5); Lawrenceburg (November 21); Campbellsville (November 24); Columbia (November 25-27); Spring Hill (November 29).

89. The lawless nature of cavalry troops may be seen in a complaint contained in Captain Standish's service records. It seems that on April 5, 1864, Standish's Company stopped at a "Colonel Massengill's", 28 miles east of Knoxvil le. The troopers proceeded to help themselves to some meat, butter, chickens, a tin cup, some cutlery, a five-pistol, and even R.M. Kyle's pipe. Nothing ever came of the complaint, however.

90. It was here that First Sgt. Theodore M. CLARK of Co. A, who had enlisted at Brooks, was wounded.

91. It was here that Dayton's Nelson ROWE of Co. A, was mortally wounded, dying the next day.

Dayton's Willard WILDER of Co. A was missing in action on October 11. He later turned up, but died in Baltimore on April 3, 1 865.

92. Newaygo County enlistees in the 10th Michigan Cavalry from February 2 to March 6, 1865:

John ANGEVINE, age 18, in Co. F on February 24 at Grand Rapids

Rodolphus B. BERRY, age 18, in Co. F on February 13 at Canton

Croton Township's Frederick G.

BETTS, age 33, in Co. A on February 4 at Grand Rapids

Croton Township's John C. BETTS, Jr., age 20, in Co. A on February 7 at Newaygo

Croton Township's Amos P. BIGELOW, age 32, in Co. A on February 13 at Canton

Croton Township's (Joseph Buck), age 41, in Co. A on March 6

Big Prairie Township's Joseph W. CARPENTER, age 39, in Co. A on February 21 at Grand Rapids

Fremont's Eli COBLER, age 16, in Co. M on February 4 at Grand Rapids

Fremont's Henry S. COGSWELL age 19, in Co. A on February 14 at Fremont

Fremont's Zachary F. COON, age 18, in Co. M on February 18 at Grand Rapids

(William H. DOWNING), age 17, in Co. A on February 9 at Grand Rapids

(Thomas FOWLER), age 34, in Co. D on February 17 at Fremont

Fremont's Daniel C. HOWELL, age 37, in Co. A on February 4 at Grand Rapids

(William P. JONES), age 18, in Co. D on February 15 at Fremont

(Charles M. KIMBALL), age 18, in Co. A on February 24 at Croton

(Samuel MANN), age 23, in Co. L on February 2 at Newaygo

(George H. MARTIN), age 31, in Co. D on February 14 at Fremont

William R. MONTGOMERY, age 17, in Co. A on February 6 at Newaygo

(Elias MORSE), age 44, in Co. F on February 9 at Newaygo

(Thomas NEWKIRK), age 19, in Co. L on February 9 at Newaygo

(Ire V. OWENS), age 18 in Co. A on February 14 at Fremont (did not join regiment until June 16 at Lenoir, Tennessee)

George H. PETERS, age 23, in Co. G on February 14 at Carmel

Croton Township's Henry PETTIT, age 19, in Co. A on February 13 at Croton

George RUPP, age 34, in Co. A on February 6 at Grand Rapids

Newaygo's Francis J. SEGAR, age 19, in Co. A on February 9 at Grand Rapids

Enos H. SHOOK, age 21, in Co. L on February 9 at Newaygo

(Charles E. SISCHO), age 31, in Co. D on February 16 at Newaygo

William SMITH, age 21, in Co. A on February 13 at Croton

William E. SMITH, age 33, in Co. L on March 6 at Jackson

Dayton Township's John STANLEY, age 37, in Co. D on February 2 at Grand Rapids

2nd Lt. Henry C. Stone

Co. A, 10^th Mich. Cavarly

Ashland's Andrew C. STEDMAN, age 38, in Co. M on February 10 at Grand Rapids

Croton Township's David W. TUCKER, age 40, in Co. A on February 13 at Croton

Ashland Township's Albert L. WHEAT, age 25, in Co. A on February 4 at Grand Rapids

Ashland Township's Richard WHEAT, age 34, in Co. A on February 4 at Grand Rapids

(Delos WHITMAN), age 38, in Co. I on February 24 at Croton

(James M. YOUNG), age 33, in Co. D on February 16 at Newaygo.

92A. During November, 1864, Co. A of the 10th Michigan Cavalry acquired several more recruits, credited to Brooks' Township:

(George W. PATE), age 44, at Knoxville on November 11

(Joseph L.T. PHILLIPS), age 18, at Knoxville on November 22

Samuel RANDOLPH, age 19, at Knoxville on November 11.

Also, on June 9, 1864, (James MOORE) had enlisted at Strawberry Plains, and was credited to Brooks' Township.

93. Newaygo County enlistees in the 9th Michigan Infantry, January to March, 1865:

Ashland Township's Urban M. BARNUM, age 28, in Co. A on February 13 at Grand Rapids

James N. BECHELEC, age 18, in Co. I on March 21 at Grand Rapids

Big Prairie's Joseph H. GRAHAM, age 22, in Co. A on March 2 at Grand Rapids

Big Prairie Township's Ambrose G. HALL, age 32, in Co. A on March 10 at Grand Rapids

Big Prairie Township's Johnathan J. HALL, age 22, in Co. A on March 2 at Grand Rapids

Ashland Township's Perley S. KRIGGER, age 30, in Co. F on January 30 at Grand Rapids

Brooks Township's (James E. MAYNARD), age 30, in Co. D on February 12 at Lyons

Wilton WINANS, age 22, in Co. D on March 2; died of disease July 24, 1865 at Nashville.

94. Newaygo County enlistees in the 6th Michigan Cavalry in March, 1865:

Hiram B. CAMERON, age 32, in Co. A on March 5 at Grand Rapids

(Edgar A. HALL), age 18, in Co. C on March 28 at Croton; died May 19, 1865 at Chapple Point, Maryland

Croton Township's Andrew J. NELLIS, age 43, in Co. F on March 28 at Croton

Edward N. WALKER, age 25, in Co. B on March 23 at Grand Rapids.

94A. Newaygo County enlistees in other units in March, 1865:

Robert GRAHAM, age 26, in Hancock's 1st U.S. Army Corps on March 30 at Grand Rapids

Fremont Township's LeLand S. WEAVER, age 21, as assistant surgeon, 3rd Michigan Cavalry on March 10; never mustered into service.

95. Newaygo County draftees assigned to the 15th Michigan Infantry, March 16 through April 2, 1865:

Dayton's Daniel L. BARNES, age 21, in Co. H on March 16; discharged from Harper Hospital on July 24

Big Prairie's Mark BARTON, age 28, in Co. F on March 16

Dayton's George L. BIGELOW, age 38, in Co. A on March 16

Ashland's Simeon W. BRISTOL, age 24, in Co. K on March 16

Bridgeton's George COTHAM, Sr., age 39, in Co. E on March 16

Ashland Township's Levi DAVIS, age 34, in Co. I on March 16

Barton's John GOLDEN, age 24, in Co. E on March 29

Dayton's Eliphalet HARRINGTON, age 23, in Co. I on April 1

Dayton's David HOPKINS, age 36, in Co. E on March 16

Dayton's (William MENNEE), age 26, in Co. I on April 3

Dayton's David B. NELSON, age 35, in Co. F on March 16

Ensley Township's John OSBORN, age 43, on March 16

Ensley's Ethan R. ROBINSON, age 42, on March 16; discharged from Harper Hospital on July 5

Ashland's Hiram WHITMORE, age 31, on March 16, died on May 5.

96. Newaygo County draftees assigned to the 16th Michigan Infantry:

Ensley's Joseph COLLAR, age 35, in Co. D on March 16

Dayton's John MANNING, age 43, on March 25

(Jerome STICKNEY) volunteered on February 1 at Ashland in Co. I as a substitute for draftee Charles BLOOD. STICKNEY died of disease on June 13.

97. Newaygo County draftees assigned to the 10th Michigan Infantry:

Ashland's Alfred F. ARMSTRONG, age 42, on March 16

Dayton's Samuel SHAW, age 28, on March 31

Bridgeton's Henry ZERLAUT, age 22, in Co. A on March 14.

98. Everett Township's Ira B. PETERS of Co. E, 14th Michigan Infantry, was killed, and

Horace W. WARREN, also of Co. E, was shot in the right leg and discharged for disability the following August 16.

99. Including Newaygo's William J. SMITH of Co. C, and Dayton's Horace C. JENNEY of Co. D.

100. Newaygans deserting after Lee's surrender at Appomattox:

Newaygo's Martin BOZYOR of Co. E, 21st Michigan Infantry on April 22

Ashland's Simeon W. BRISTOL of Co. K, 15th Michigan Infantry on June 24

Bridgeton's George COTHAM, Sr., of Co. E, 15th Michigan Infantry on June 1

Ashland's Levi DAVIS of Co. I, 15th Michigan Infantry on June 20

(Charles H. GLANN) of Co. A, 10th Michigan Cavalry on May 13

Barton's John GOLDEN of Co. E, 15th Michigan Infantry on June 18

Dayton's David HOPKINS of Co. E, 15th Michigan Infantry on June 30

Dayton's (William MENNEE) of Co. I, 15th Michigan Infantry on June 20

(Enos H. SHOOK) of Co. L, 10th Michigan Cavalry on August 15.

101. Newaygans in the 10th Michigan Infantry, mustered out ton May 15, 1865:

Ashland's Alfred F. ARMSTRONG; returned to county

Dayton's Samuel SHAW

Bridgeton's Henry ZERLAUT; returned to county

(William W. JOHNSON) of Co. D, was mustered out later on July 19.

Also discharged in May were:

(Samuel BESSEY) of Co. A, 29th Michigan Infantry on May 25

Croton's Brevet Captain David B. COLLINS of Co. L, 6th Michigan Cavalry on May 15; returned to county.

102. Newaygans in the 13th Michigan Infantry mustered out on June 8, 1865:

Ashland's Barnard CLARK of Co. K; returned to county

Ashland's Israel HOLDEN of Co. K; returned to county

Dayton's Thomas W. HOPKINS of Co. K; returned to county

Dayton's William KIMBALL of Co. A, returned to county

Dayton's Joseph W. WHITEHEAD of Co. A; returned to county

Dayton's Andrew J. STONE was discharged later on June 27; returned to county.

103. Newaygans in Co. E, 14th Michigan Infantry mustered out on June 12, 1865:

Ashland Township's Cpl. James M. DEAN, returned to county

(Jacob A. TERWILLIGER); returned to county

(Edgar C. WHITMAN); returned to county.

104. Newaygans in the 21st Michigan Infantry mustered out on June 8, 1865:

Newaygo's Cpl. Nathan DAVIS of Co. E

Newaygo's Cpl. Daniel E. McNUTT of Co. E

Newaygo's Cpl. Lyman R. MEEKER of Co. E; returned to county

Newaygo's Daniel D. TOMPKINS of Co. E; returned to county

Solomon V. WALKER of Co. A; returned to county

Robert JACKLIN of Co. A was discharged earlier on May 23, and returned to the county

(Simon P. DANCER) of Co. A was discharged later on June 28, and returned to the county.

105. Newaygans in the 11th Michigan Cavalry discharged on June 16, 1865:

Croton Township's Ivan C. POWERS of Co. E

Ensley's William J. SLAIGHT of Co. l; returned to county

Elms Corner's Warren BRADWAY was transferred from Co. M to the 8th Michigan Cavalry (Co. C) on July 20, and mustered out September 22, after which he returned to the county.

106. Newaygans in Co. K, 1st New York (Lincoln) Cavalry mustered out on June 27, 1865:

(Edward W. ELDRED); returned to county

William J. HARRIS

(Benjamin PARKER)

(Daniel THURSTON), as commissary sergeant.

106A. Other Newaygans mustered out in June, 1865:

Brooks Township's James CANNON of Co. G. 28th Michigan Infantry on June 5

Dayton's Robert CLARK of Co. B 23rd Michigan Infantry on June 28

Ensley Township's Andrew FLYNN of the "North Carolina" (formerly of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry), on June 2; returned to county

Ashland's William C. HOLLINGTON of Co. C, 26th Michigan Infantry on June 4

Ashland's Charles Gideon LANCASTER of Co. A, 26th Michigan Infantry on June 3; returned to county

Dayton's Thomas LYNCH of Co. I, 23rd Michigan Infantry on June 28

Dayton's John MANNING of the 16th Michigan Infantry on June 7

Big Prairie's James S. RIKER of Co. D, 1st Michigan Infantry on June 9; returned to county.

107. Newaygans in the 5th Michigan Infantry mustered out on July 5, 1865:

Thomas BYERS of Co. A.

Dayton Township's Judah B. DAKE of Co. 1

William H. PARADISE of Co. A; returned to county

Big Prairie Township's Alva RIKER of Co. B, returned to county

First Sgt. Coda WHITE of Co. A

David E. WILLIAMS of Co. B, returned to county

108. Newaygans in the 8th Michigan Infantry mustered out on July 30, 1865:

Dayton's Bernard E. MORTON of Co. G

Dayton's Richard C. SLOCUM of Co. G; returned to county

Dayton's Sgt. David W. THURSTON of Co. D; returned to county.

109. Newaygans in the 27th Michigan Infantry discharged on July 26, 1865:

Henry H. FELLOWS of Co. E; returned to county

Fremont's Benjamin Henry KIMBALL of Co. D, returned to county

Fremont's David P. KIMBALL of Co. D was discharged later, and returned to the county.

110. Also mustered out in July were:

Ensley's Joseph COLLAR of Co. D, 16th Michigan Infantry on July 8; returned to county

(Edward CHUBB) of Co. I, 9th Michigan Cavalry on July 21; returned to area

Dayton Township's Silas MILLIS of the 13th Battery, Michigan Light Artillery on July 1; returned to county

Orville E. MORTON of Battery A, 1 st Michigan Light Artillery on July 28.

Fremont's Henry F. ROBINSON of Battery A, 1st Michigan Light Artillery on July 28

Big Prairie Township's Alden H. WESTGATE of Battery A, 1st Michigan -Light Artillery on July 28; returned to county

Fremont's John WILLIAMS of Co. F. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters on July 28.

111. Newaygans in the 15th Michigan Infantry discharged from May 23 to August 15, 1865:

Big Prairie's Mark BARTON of Co. F on August 13; returned to county

Dayton's George L. BIGELOW of Co. A on June 18; returned to county

Dayton's Eliphalet HARRINGTON of Co. 1 on July 13

Ashland's Apollos W. LAMBSON of Co. E on August 15; returned to county

Dayton's David B. NELSON of Co. F on August 7

Ensley Township's John OSBURN on May 23; returned to county

Dayton's Sylvester STANLEY of Co. F on May 30; returned to county

Dayton's William STANLEY of Co. D on May 30

(Edward TAYLOR) of Co. K on June 19; returned to county.

112. Newaygans in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry mustered out at the end of the war:

Everett's Henry S. COYKENDALL of Co. B on August 17

Dayton's Cpl. Gilbert T. HURD of Co. H on June 21

Ashland Township's Ephraim KELLUM of Co. E on August 17

Ashland Township's Aleaser B. MASON of Co. E on August 17

(Peres Miner PICKETT) of Co. E on June 21; returned to county

Newaygo's Surgeon Dahiel A. SPICER on January 1, 1866

Fremont's Richard D. WACHTER of Co. G on June 21; returned to county.

113. Newaygans in the 4th Michigan Cavalry mustered out on August 15, 1865:

Barton Township's Abraham H. FOX of Co. K

Dayton's Horace C. JENNEY of Co. D; returned to county

Ashland's Clarence L. PERKINS of Co. K; returned to county

Croton's Enoch S. RHOADES of Co. K

Bridgeton's Benjamin F. SHERMAN of Co. C

Newaygo's William J. SMITH of Co C; returned to county

Fremont's Orrin WISWELL of Co. D

Two others were mustered out earlier, on July 1:

Little Prairie's William McCOY of Co. C

Newaygo's William McCUNE of Co.

114. Also mustered out in August, 1865:

Big Prairie Township's James B. BARTON, Jr., of Battery M, 1 st Michigan Light Artillery on August 1; returned to county.

115. Newaygans in the 9th Michigan Infantry mustered out on September 15, 1865:

Ashland Township's Urban M. BARNUM of Co. A; returned to county

Big Prairie's Joseph H. GRAHAM of Co. A; returned to county

Big Prairie's Ambrose G. HALL of Co. A

Big Prairie's Johnathan J. HALL of Co. A; returned to county.

Ashland Township's Perley S. KRIGGER of Co. F. returned to county

Brooks Township's (James E. MAYNARD) of Co. D.

Two others were mustered out earlier:

Ashland Township's Daniel J. HOLBROOK of Co. E on June 6; returned to county

Ashland's Jasper E. HENDERSON of Co. C on July 17; returned to county.

116. Newaygans in the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics mustered out on September 22, 1865:

David E. GRIFFIN of Co. C

Brooks Township's George W. JARSE of Co. F

Croton's Joseph KNISS of Co. C

Brooks Township's Sgt. Chester C. MITCHELL of Co. B

(Wallace M. PROBASCO) of Co. D

Croton Township's Jost STENGEL of Co. C

Croton Township's John C. BORDEN of Co. E was discharged earlier, on June 6.

117. Other Newaygans mustered out in September:

Everett Township's Henry EASTMAN of Co. B, 8th Michigan Cavalry on September 22

Fremont Township's (Riley R. THOMPSON) of Co. C, 11th Indiana

Cavalry on September 17; returned to area

118. Newaygans in the 10th Michigan Cavalry mustered out from May 12 to November 8, 1865:

Croton Township's Amos P. BIGELOW of Co. A on May 16; returned to county

Croton Township's (Joseph BUCK) of Co. A on September 20

Charles C. CARPENTER of Co. A on May 13; never returned home

Canfield W. COLE of Co. G on June 16

Big Prairie's James CRABTREE of Co. A on October 9; returned to county

(William A. HOSKIN) of Co. A on November 1 for disability

Fremont's Daniel C. HOWELL of Co. A on September 18

(John B. JARSE) of Co. A on May 12; returned to county

Newaygo's Assistant Surgeon Charles LEONARD on May 15, for disability

Brooks Township's Thomas MAYNARD of Co. A on November 8; returned to county

Samuel McCUNE of Co. A on June 14, for disability; returned to county

William R. MONTGOMERY of Co. A on June 23

William MORGAN of Co. A on June 25, for disability

(Elias MORSE) of Co. F on October 9; returned to county

(Perry PIERCE) of Co. A on June 12, for disability

(Samuel RANDOLPH) of Co. A on September 18

Brooks' Benjamin J. RHODES of Co. A on June 15

(Charles E. SISCHO) of Co. D on October 28

Ashland's Andrew C. STEDMAN of Co. M on September 18; returned to county

Pg 31 here

Newaygo's Second Lt. Henry C. STONE of Co. A on October 16

Cpl. George VAN BUREN of Co. G on June 16

Ashland Township's Richard WHEAT of Co. A on September 16; returned to county

(Delos WHITMAN) of Co. I on October 21.

119. Newaygans in the 10th Michigan Cavalry mustered out on November 20 and 22, 1865:

Brooks Township's Sgt. Phillip Reuben DICKINSON of Co. A on November 20; returned to county

(Thomas FOWLER) of Co. D on November 22

Brooks Township's Sgt. Samuel R. THOMAS of Co. A on November 22; returned to county

(Edmond WILSON) of Co. A on November 22.

120. Newaygans in the 10th Michigan Cavalry mustered out on November 11, 1865:

Croton's John ANGEVINE of Co. F; returned to county

Croton Township's August C. BERGE of Co. A

Rodolphus B. BERRY of Co. returned to county

Croton Township's Frederick G. BETTS of Co. A

Croton Township's John C. BETTS, Jr., of Co. A; returned to county

(Horace T. BROWN) of Co. A

Croton Township's Horace BUCK of Co. A

Brooks' John G. CARPENTER of Co. A

Big Prairie Township's Joseph W. CARPENTER of Co. A; returned to county

Ashland Township's David S. CARVIN of Co. A

(Sgt. Major Theodore M. CLARK) of Co. F

Fremont's Eli COBLER of Co. M

Fremont Township's Henry S. COGSWELL of Co. A; returned to county

Fremont's Zachary F. COON of Co. M

Brooks' Anthony CRIDLER of Co. A

Croton Township's Wesley C. DANCER of Co. A; returned to county

Newaygo's First Lt. Wallace W. DICKINSON of Co. A; returned to county

(William H. DOWNING) of Co. A; returned to county

(William H. FOWLER) of Co. A

Fremont Township's Sgt. Amos GATES of Co. A; returned to county

(Cpl. David IRWIN) of Co. A

(Alonzo S. JONES) of Co. A

(William P. JONES) of Co. D; returned to county

(Patrick KELLEY) of Co. A

(Charles M. KIMBALL) of Co. A

(John LANCASTER) of Co. A; returned to county

(Samuel MANN) of Co. L

(George H. MARTIN) of Co. D; returned to county

(Quartermaster Sgt. Roswell E. MATHEWS) of Co. A

Co. A, 10^th Mich. Cavalry

Ashland Township's First Lt. Alphonso A. MAXIM of Co. A

(James MOORE) of Co. A

Brooks' Alvin MORGAN of Co. A

Croton's Cpl. James A. MORGAN of Co. A

Croton Township's George R. NELLIS of Co. A; returned to county

(Thomas NEWKIRK) of Co. L

(Ire V. OWENS) of Co. A

(George W. PATE) of Co. A

George H. PETERS of Co. G

Croton Township's Henry PETTIT of Co. A; returned to county

(Joseph L.T. PHILLIPS) of Co. A

Brooks' Orrin PLACE of Co. A

Croton Township's Albert PLATT of Co. A; returned to county

Brooks' Chief Trumpeter Christopher RAWLINGS of Co. A

George RUPP of Co. A; returned to county

(Anson RUSSELL) of Co. A

Croton Township's William J. RYAN of Co. A

(Earl SCHOFIELD) of Co. A; returned to county

Newaygo's Francis J. SEGAR of Co. A

Asst. Surgeon

10^th Mich. Cavalry

Bridgeton's Assistant Surgeon Thomas SHAW of Co. A

William SMITH of Co. A

William E. SMITH of Co. K, (transferred there from Co. L on July 1, 1865)

Dayton Township's John STANLEY of Co. D

Croton Township's George STINGEL of Co. A

Croton Township's David W. TUCKER of Co. A

Ashland Township's Albert L. WHEAT of Co. A; returned to county

Bridgeton's Cpl. Henry D. WOODWARD of Co. A; returned to county

(James M. YOUNG) of Co. D.

121. Newaygans mustered out of the 3rd Michigan Infantry (reorganized):

Big Prairie Township's Samuel I. BARTON of Co. A on August 28, 1865; returned to county

Fremont Township's Robert BINNS of Co. B on July 18, 1865

Denver Township's Edwin R. HAIGHT of Co. B on August 9, 1865; returned to county

Edwin LORE of Co. B on May 25, 1866; returned to county

Newaygo's Second Lt. Elisha R. SWAIN of Co. B on May 25, 1866.

122. Newaygans in the Michigan Cavalry Brigade mustered out in the summer of 1865:

Croton Township's James 0. BERRY of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21

Big Prairie's James L. CHRYSLER of Co. E, 7th Cavalry on June 24

Croton's George W. DANCER of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21; returned to county

Newaygo's Daniel B. FULLER of Co. B, 6th Cavalry on July 10; returned to county

Newaygo's Calvin R. GLAZIER of Co. B, 6th Cavalry on August 3

Ensley's Cpl. Phillip JORDAN of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21; returned to county

Croton's William E. McCALL of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21; returned to county

Newaygo's Sgt. Joseph McCUNE of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21; returned to county

Croton's Second Lt. James M. PAGE of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21

Walter QUIGLEY of Co. D, 6th Michigan Cavalry on June 26

William SEGAR of Co. D, 6th Michigan Cavalry on June 2

Ensley's John SKED of Co. A,6th Cavalry on June 21

Ensley's Cpl. Vine SKED of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21; returned to county

Newaygo's Commissary Sgt. James M. SMITH of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21; returned to county

Cpl. Richard J. SWAIN of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry on June 21

Everett Township's Charles P. UTLEY of Co. A, 6th Cavalry on June 21; returned to county

123. Newaygans mustered out of the Michigan Cavalry Brigade in November and December, 1865:

Big Prairie's First Sgt. Edwin W. BARNES of Co. K, 7th Cavalry on December 15

Croton Township's (Sgt. Thomas C. BORDEN) of Co. F. 6th Michigan Cavalry on November 24

Croton's Eli C. CARLE of Co. K, 7th Cavalry on November 25 (from the Invalid Corps)

Dayton's Cpl. Amherst H. DICKINSON of Co. E, 7th Cavalry on November 9

Newaygo's Cpl. John D. FULLER of Co. B, 6th Cavalry on November 24

Newaygo's James D. GAY of Co. B, 6th Cavalry on November 24

Newaygo's Ackley NEWTON of Co. B, 6th Cavalry on November 24; returned to county

Croton's Lewis E. WRIGHT of Co. D. 6th Cavalry on November 24; returned to county

Bridgeton's Cpl. Joseph A. ZERLAUT of Co. H. 6th Cavalry on November 24; returned to county.

124. Newaygans transferred to the 1st Michigan Cavalry:

Newaygo's Hiram B. CAMERON, transferred to Co. D from Co. A, 6th Cavalry on November 17; discharged March 4, 1866; returned to county

Ensley Township's Porter LAHR, transferred to Co. I from Co. M, 7th Cavalry on November 17; discharged March 10, 1866; returned to county

Croton Township's Andrew J. NELLIS, transferred to Co. K from Co. F. 6th Cavalry on November 17; discharged June 30, 1866

Edward N. WALKER, transferred to Co. D from Co. B, 6th Michigan Cavalry on November 17; discharged March 10, 1866

Ensley's Cpl. William WRIGHTMAN, transferred to Co. I from Co. M, 7th Michigan Cavalry on July 19; discharged March 10, 1866.

Also discharged in 1866 was:

George B. JONES of Co. M, 3rd Michigan Cavalry on February 12; returned to county

Elms Corners's Dexter DAVID, reportedly served in the Civil War and died of smallpox on furlough, though we have been unable to find his service record.

In the course of researching this issue, the Historical Society compiled an index card file on over 2000 Civil War Veterans who lived in Newaygo County at one time or another. If you want to see if there e was a Newaygo Civil War Vetera n among your ancestors you Call check this card file at the public library in White Cloud.

Those wishing to go beyond the necessarily limited treatment of Newaygans in the Civil War contained in this issue should consult, in addition to the sources mentioned in the bibliography that follows, The War of the Rebellion: The O fficial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1881). Although out of print, this monumental set of books is available at the Grand Rapids Public Library.

Those wishing more detail on an individual soldier can order copies of the soldier's service record from the National Archives at the cost of $5 each. Write for form NATF 26 from: National Archives; 8th and Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.; Wash ington, D.C. 20408.

Finally, if you have any information, anecdotes, etc. about the life of any Civil War Veterans in Newaygo County the Historical Society would like to hear from you. .

John Braden is a lawyer who has lived in Fremont since 1978. He is a member of the Sons of Union Veterans, and commander of a Civil War reenactment group.

Anonymous Pensioners on the Roll -January 1, 1883 (Government Printing Office; Washington 1883)

Anonymous Portrait and Biographical Album of Newaygo County, Michigan (Chapman Bros; Chicago 18841

Anonymous Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War, 186 1 - 1865 (Ihling Bros. & Everard; Kalamazoo undated)

Charles E. Belknap, History of the Michigan Organizations at Chickamauga, Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge - 1863 (Robert Smith Printing Co., Lansing 18991

Calvin C. Cowles (compiler), Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Government Printing Office; Washington 1891-1895)

RECORDS

I. OVERVIEW

About one in five of the men aged 14-49 went off to the war. The highest enlistment rate was among those aged 18-21: almost one in three of them went.

Of those who went, more than half joined the cavalry and almost half joined the infantry. One in ten of those who went was drafted, and the median age was 25.

One in three of those who went suffered death or disability.

II. GOING OFF TO WAR

A. THOSE WHO WENT AND THOSE WHO STAYED

(based on men listed in the 1860 Newaygo County census, with ages as of 1861)

AGE SOLDIERS* CIVILIAN MEN* TOTAL* *

14-17 31 (30%) 73 (70%) 104 (12%)

18-21 27 (31%) 60 (69%) 87 (10%)

22-29 50 (18%) 229 (82%) 279 (32%)

30-39 42 ( 1 7%) 206 (83%) 248 (29%)

40-49 16 (11%) 127 (89%) 143 (17%)

TOTAL 166 (19%) 695 (81%) 861 (100%)

*Percent of particular age category

**Percent of total male population 14-49

B. WHEN AND HOW THEY JOINED

YEAR ENLISTED DRAFTED TOTAL

1 86 1 83 * 0 83 (22%)

1862 71 0 71 (20%)

1863 67 7 74 (20%)

1864 64 19 83 (22%)

1865 52 16 68 (16%)

TOTAL 337 (89%) 42 (11%) 379 (100%)

*37 before Bull Run

C. WHAT UNITS THEY JOINED

1. INFANTRY - 157 (41%)

3rd Mich. - 43 (11%) (22 in Co. K, 15 in Co. H)

8th Mich. -14 (4%) (10 in Co. D)

9th Mich. - 12 (3%)

13th Mich. - 8 (2%)

14th Mich. - 7 (2%)

15th Mich. - 19 (5%)

21st Mich -16 (4%) (8 in Co. E)

Other - 38 (10%) (6 each in the 3rd (reorganized) and the 27th; 5 in the 26th; 3 each in the 1st, 5th, 10th and 16th; 2 in the 23rd; 1 each in the 6th, 11th, 12th, 25th, 28th, 29th, and 16th U.S.)

2. CAVALRY - 203 (53%)

2nd Mich. - 28 (7%) (18 in Co. E)

4th Mich. - 10 (3%)

6th Mich. - 40 (10%) (22 in Co. A; 9 in Co. B)

7th Mich. - 10 (3%)

10th Mich. - 98 (26%) (77 in Co. A)

Other - 17 (3%) (6 in 1st NY; 4 in 3rd Mich.; 3 in 11th Mich.; 1 each in 5th, 8th, 9th Mich. and 11th Ind.)

3. OTHER - 22 (6%)

Mich. Artillery - 6 (2%)

1st Mich. Engineers & Mechanics - 8 (2%)

Sharpshooters5 (1%)

Unknown - 3 (1 %)

D. THEIR AGE ON JOINING THE SERVICE

Total - 375

Average Age - 27

Median Age - 25

A. KILLED IN ACTION 9 ( 2%)

B. WOUNDED 33 ( 9%) (6 died)

C. CAPTURED 22 ( 6%)

D. MISSING IN ACTION 7 ( 2%)

E. DIED OF DISEASE 22 ( 6%)

F. UNSPECIFIED DEATH 18 ( 5%)

G. UNSPECIFIED DISABILITY 51 (13%)

IV. PROMOTIONS

Lt. Col. 0 1 (trace)

Major 1 (trace) 1 (trace)

Captain 1 (trace) 0

First Lt. 0 6 (2%)

2nd Lt. 2 (1%) 4 (1%)

Sgt. Major 0 1 (trace)

Sgt. 10 (3%) 20 (5%)

Cpl. 14 (4%) 35 (9%)

Pvt. 345 (90%) 305 (80%)

V. LEAVING THE SERVICE

A. DEATHS DURING SERVICE 55 (14%)

1. Killed in Action 9

2. Died of Wounds 6

3. Died of Disease 22

4. Unspecified Deaths 18

B. DISABILITY DISCHARGES 55 (14%)

1. For Wounds 10

2. For Disease 1

3. Unspecified 44

C. DESERTIONS 20 (5%)

1. During War 13

2. End of War 7

D. DISCHARGES 238 (62%)

1. Enlistment Expired 14

2. End of War, 1865 206

3. Released from Prison 7

4. 1866 11

E. UNSPECIFIED 14 (5%)

OTHER MEN WHO POSSIBLY WERE FROM

NEWAYGO COUNTY

AMES' SUEL - Co. F 2nd Mich. Cav. Born 1833 - Died 1862 at Rienzi, Mississippi of disease.

BAKER' JOHN - Not able to find company or unit, listed in the Grant book as being from Ensley.

HALL/HULL' JOSEPH - Not able to find company or unit. Returned to Newaygo County after the war.

HALL, CLARK - Co. D. 8th Mich. Inf. Born 1832 - Died 1862 at Chantilly, Virginia. Credited to Newaygo County.

KNAPP' JOSEPH E. - Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf. Born 1845 - Died 1862, buried Dayton Center, Newaygo County.

LOWE' WILLIAM - Co. B 6th Mich. Cav. Born 1828 Credited to Newaygo County in Adj. General's Report, 1865.

MILLER' NELSON - Co E 10th Mich. Cav. Born 1844 - ? (There was a Nelson Miller in Bridgeton Twp. in 1860.)

MOORE' JOHN - Co A 6th Mich. Cav. Born 1833 - Died 1888 at Bailey. Was a John Moore, age 28, in Ensley in 1860.

SEEDY, HARVEY K. - Co B 6th Mich. Cav. Born 1844, family lived in Big Prairie, he enlisted from Big Rapids.

SHINER, ASSLETT - Co H 3rd Mich. Inf. Born 1827 - Died 1862, Fair Oaks. From White River.

Letters refer to one of six maps; numbers refer to locations on each map.

A27 Abbott's Creek, NC

F20 Ackworth, GA

C31 Alexandria, VA

A30 Anderson Crossroads, TN

C 6 Antietam Creek, MD

C89 Appomattox Court House, VA

F15 Armuchee Creek, GA

F28 Atlanta, GA

F29 Augusta Railroad, GA

A25 Averysboro, NC

A 9 Bardstown, KY

E 5 Bean's Station, TN

A49 Beaufort, SC

C56 Beaver Dam Station, VA

A23 Bentonville, NC

C14 Berry's Ford, VA

F22 Big Shanty, GA

C34 Blackburn's Ford, VA

E14 Blue Springs, TN

C 4 Boonsborough, MD

A36 Boonville, MS

C87 Boydton Plank Road, VA

C38 Brandy Station, VA

D 9 Brentwood, TN

A43 Bridgeport, AL

A63 Bridgeville, AL

C35 Bristoe Station, VA

C46 Brock Pike, VA

F 1 Brown's Ferry, TN

C23 Buckland's Mills, VA

C27 Bull Run, VA

E13 Bull's Gap, TN

D12 Cainsville, TN

E 1 Campbell's Station, TN

D 4 Campbellsville, TN

A12 Camp Nelson, KY

E18 Carter's Station, TN

A29 Catawba River, NC

C16 Cedar Creek, VA

B 2 Cemetery Hill, PA

B 4 Cemetery Ridge, PA

C29 Centerville, VA

C49 Chancellorsville, VA

C28 Chantilly, VA

C70 Charles City Crossroads, VA

F 2 Chattanooga, TN

C66 Chickahominy River, VA

F12 Chickamauga Creek, GA

A16 Christianburg, VA

C64 Cold Harbor, VA

A45 Columbia, SC

D 5 Columbia, TN

A48 Coosaw River, SC

A35 Corinth, MS

F11 Crawfish Springs, GA

C39 Culpepper Court House, VA

B 3 Culp's Hill, PA

A39 Cypress River, TN

F26 Dallas, GA

E 8 Dandridge, TN

D21 Dechard, TN

C72 Deep Bottom, VA

A57 Double Bridges, GA

F14 Dug Gap, GA

D20 Elk River Ford, TN

B 5 Emmitsburg Pike, PA

F18 Etowah River, GA

F33 Fair Oaks, GA

C68 Fair Oaks, VA

C 2 Falling Waters, MD

F31 Flat Rock, GA

F16 Farmer's (Tanner's) Bridge, GA

A24 Fayetteville, NC

C18 Fisher's Hill, VA

C86 Five Forks, VA

A40 Florence, AL

C80 Fort Mahon, VA

A19 Fort Monroe, VA

C79 Fort Steadman, VA

A46 Fort Sumter, SC

D 8 Franklin, TN

C50 Fredericksburg, VA

C47 Furnace Road, VA

C24 Gainsville, VA

B 1 Gettysburg, PA

A22 Goldsboro, NC

C53 Gordonsville, VA

A38 Gravelly Springs, AL

E15 Greenville, TN

C25 Groveton, VA

A 2 Hagerstown, MD

F 9 Hall's Ford, GA

A 4 Hanover, PA

C57 Hanover, VA

C 7 Harpers Ferry, VA

C90 Hatcher's Run, VA

C61 Hawe's Shop, VA

A15 Henry Court House (Martinsville)

A32 Henryville, TN

D19 Hillsborough, TN

E 4 Holston River, TN

A 3 Hunterstown, PA

A55 Irwinsville, GA

A 6 Island No. 10, MO

A64 Jackson, MS

C53 Jack's Shop, VA

C40 James City, VA

C75 James River, VA

A 7 Jeffersonville, IN

F32 Jonesboro, GA

E16 Jonesboro, TN

C36 Kelly's Ford, VA

E17 Kingsport, TN

F19 Kingston, GA

E 3 Knoxville, TN

F 30 Lattimer's Mills, GA

D 3 Lawrenceburg, TN

A10 Lebanon, KY

F10Lee and Gordon's Mill, GA

E 2 Lenoir, TN

A13 Lexington, KY

C45 Locust Grove, VA

F 5 Lookout Mountain, TN

F25 Lost Mountain, GA

A 8 Louisville, KY

F34 Lovejoy's Station, GA

A17 Lynchburg Railroad, VA

A56 Macon, GA

C74 Malvern Hill, VA

F24 Marietta, GA

C 9 Martinsburg Pike, VA

C50Marye's Heights, VA

F21 McAfee's Crossroads, GA

F35 McDonough's, GA

E 7 McMillan's Ford, TN

C65 Meadow Bridge, VA

C63 Mechanicsville, VA

A31 Metamora, TN

D17 Middletown, TN

C20 Milford, VA

D13 Milton, TN

C44 Mine Run, VA

F 4 Missionary Ridge, TN

A 1 Monterey, MD

A58 Montgomery, AL

E12 Morristown, TN

A18 Morton's Ford, VA

E11 Mossy Creek, TN

A60 Mulberry Creek, AL

D14 Murfreesboro, TN

D10 Nashville, TN

A21 New Bern, NC

C15 Newby's Cross Roads, VA

F23 Noonday Creek, GA

C55 North Anna River, VA

C17 North Fork, VA

C60 Old Church, VA

C10 Opequan Creek, VA

F 3 Orchard Knob, TN

C58 Pamunkey River, VA

B 6 Peach Orchard, PA

C84 Pegram's Farm, VA

C83 Peeble's Farm, VA

All Perryville, KY

C78 Petersburg, VA

E10 Pigeon River, TN

A34 Pittsburg Landing, TN

C82 Poplar Springs Church, VA

C22 Port Republic, VA

A51 Port Royal, SC

A50 Port Royal Ferry, SC

C33 Potomac River, VA

D 1 Raccoon Ford, TN

C42 Raccoon Ford, VA

A26 Raleigh, NC

C43 Rapidan River, VA

C51 Rappahannock River, VA

F13 Red Clay, GA

C69 Richmond, VA

A20 Roanoke River, VA

F17 Rome, GA

F 6 Rossville, GA -

D16 Rover, TN

D 6 Rutherford's Creek, TN

A 5 St. Louis, MO

A28 Salisbury, NC

A14 Saltville, VA

C67 Savage Station, VA

A52 Savannah, GA

A54 Savannah River, GA

C88 Saylor's Creek, VA

A47 Secessionville, SC

A59 Selm,a, AL

C 3 Sharpsburg, MD

D18 Sheltyville, TN

C12 Shenandoah River, VA

C19 Shenandoah Valley, VA

D 2 Shoal Creek, TN

A53 Sister's Ferry, GA

C13 Snicker's Gap, VA

F 7 Snodgrass Hill, GA

C21 South Fork, VA

C 5 South Mountain, MD

C85 South Side Railroad, VA

A33 Sparta, TN

C52 Spotsylvania, VA

D 7 Spring Hill, TN

C37 Stevensburg, VA

D11 Stone's River, TN

E 6 Strawberry Plains, TN

C73 Strawberry Plains, VA

C26 Sudley's Ford, VA

A42 Talladaga, AL

A41 Tennessee River, TN

C59 Totopotomy Creek, VA

C54 Trevillian Station, VA

A61 Trion, AL

D15 Triune, TN

A62 Tuscaloosa, AL

A65 Vicksburg, MS

F27 Villa Rica, GA

C 8 Wapping Heights, VA

C30 Warrenton Pike, VA

C32 Washington, DC

A37 Waterloo, MS

E19 Watauga River, TN

C81 Weldon Railroad, VA

C71 White Oak Swamp, VA

C41 White's Ford, VA

F 8 Widow Glenn's House, G,

C48 Wilderness, VA

C76 Williamsburg, VA

C 1 Williamsport, MD

A44 Wilmington Island, SC

E 9 Wilsonville, TN

C11 Winchester, VA

C62 Yellow Tavern, VA

C77 Yorktown, VA

No Civil War history is complete without the story of the rebels' prisons and prisoners. The Confederate prisons included Richmond; Castle Thunder; Libby; Florence, South Carolina; Belle Isle; Salisbury; Castle Pinckney at Charlesto n, South Carolina; Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Camp Ford at Tyler, Texas; New Orleans; Danville; Macon, Georgia; Cahaba, Georgia; Andersonville; and Mellen, Georgia. In all, over 56,000 men died within the prison camps during the War. All of the prisons were ove rcrowded, and a food shortage soon developed. Many of those who did survive were turned into living skeletons.

At one time in 1864, to relieve the overcrowding at Richmond, the authorities simply dumped some 7,500 prisoners into the pen at Salisbury, North Carolina, with no stream to supply adequate water or to carry off the sewage. While there were a few huts and tents and an old factory building, many of the prisoners had to dig holes in the earth to escape the North Carolina winter. In their desperation some of the prisoners unsuccessfully made one of the few attempts at a mass outbreak. In l ess than five months, over a third of a total of 10,000 prisoners at Salisbury perished.

Libby Prison was a warehouse and ship chandlery of Libby and Son. In 1864, the Federal prisoners dug a tunnel under the building and into Richmond's streets. 109 Yankees escaped into the city. Two of them drowned trying to swim the Jame s River, and 48 more were recaptured, but 59 of them made good their escape.

Camp Sumpter, or as it was called later - Andersonville, was one of the larger Rebel prisons and most likely one of the worst. The prison was built on 16 acres of land to hold 10,000 prisoners, but 10 more acres were added, and over 33, 000 prisoners were held there. The prison was a stockade built of hewn timber flattened on two sides, 10 inches thick, 25 feet long, and set five feet in the ground, thus making a wall 20 feet high all around the prison, having its longest sides on the ea st and west. About one third of the length of the stockade was a swamp of about three acres, through which flowed a sluggish swamp creek. On the west side of the stockade, and north and south of the creek, were two ponderous gates. Sentry boxes were place d at short intervals all around the stockade, from which the guards could watch, and from which many a Yank received his "furlough" to another world. Inside the stockade and 30 feet distant from it, stakes were driven down and sawed off about 3 1/2 feet h igh, and 1x4 strips nailed on top of them. This was the famous "deadline" and a dead line it was indeed. Prisoners were not allowed to lean or sit on it, or even to touch it, the orders being to shoot if they did.

The guards being those celebrated cowards, the home guards, were valiant in the execution of their wicked and bloody orders. Many times, new prisoners, not knowing the orders, would innocently sit on the deadline or just put their hands on it. Then a shot would ring out, and an innocent man would meet his death at the hands of those cowardly villains.

At Andersonville alone, there were over 13,000 graves, including those of several Newaygo men: Fremont's Reuben B. DOUGLASS of Co. A, Sixth Michigan Cavalry (died March 2, 1864); Ensley's William HALL of Co. M, Seventh Michigan Cavalry (died February 5, 1864); Joseph MILLER of Co. C, Third Michigan Infantry (died June 7, 1864); Everett's David MONROE of Co. A, Sixth Michigan Cavalry (died August 7, 1864); Big Prairie's Darwin P. SWAIN of Co. A, Sixth Michigan Cavalry (died August 9, 186 4); and Ashland Township's Henry AUSTIN of Co. B. 27th Michigan Infantry (died August 27, 1864).

Fremont's Orson O. DAVID of Co. D, 27th Michigan Infantry was also a prisoner at Andersonville, but was transferred to Wilmington Prison, North Carolina, where he died on March 3, 1864.

Big Prairie's Benjamin F. TRASK of Co. B. 5th Michigan Infantry, was also imprisoned, and died soon after his release in Richmond on April 20, 1865.

Other Newaygans imprisoned at Andersonville included Newaygo's Gamaliel S. CARLISLE of Co. E, 2nd Michigan Cavalry; Fremont's Joseph DOUGLASS of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry (who later was sent to Miller Prison, and exchanged at Florence , South Carolina in 1865); Hesperia's Joseph H. "Zeph" MOE of Co. K, 3rd Michigan Infantry (exchanged on February 8, 1865); and Fremont Township's Thaddeus L. WATERS of Co. G. 2nd Michigan Cavalry.

WATERS was captured at Chickamauga on September 20, 1863 and spent two months at Richmond, six months at Danville, North Carolina (where he survived a smallpox epidemic), and two months at Macon, Georgia before being transferred to Ande rsonville. In a book he wrote about his experiences, WATERS described what it was like at Andersonville:

WATERS wrote that in August 1864 an order came to bring all of the sick from the stockade to the hospital. WATERS had been down with scurvy for two weeks and in the previous two days had grown rapidly worse. His gums were swollen as thi ck as a man's finger, and his tongue so large that he couldn't close his mouth. His left leg was swollen terribly with great purple patches on it, and now his spine became affected to the degree that he could not move without great pain. WATER'S comrades were ordered to carry him to the gates of the stockade. There they laid him down and, with tears in their eyes, bid him goodbye.

Here an officer ordered Thad to move to the hospital, but no nurses were provided to assist him, or wagons to carry him. Mustering what little strength he had left, he crawled along on his hands and knees, what seemed to him a half mile , to a spot in the pine woods where there were a large number of tents, made of common sheeting, and a line of guards around them. Here he was laid under the shade of a tent with six other men. One after another they died until there were only two left, S ergeant Cox of the 6th Indiana Cavalry, and Thad WATERS. The next day they had a terrible rainstorm which swept out a portion of the stockade. The rain ran down in streams as both of them lay in the tent unable to move, with their heads propped up with th eir haversacks and blouses. The water came into the tent like a flood and threatened to drown both of them. Several times during the night they said goodbye to each

other with only their noses and mouths sticking above the water. When the storm was over, they were dug out of the sand, which had nearly buried them alive. Many of the others in the hospital were drowned, but death had little terror fo r them there. It was looked upon by most as a kindly relief from their misery. Here WATERS met a Dr. Wood, a hospital steward from Big Rapids, Michigan who helped nurse him back to life.

About November, 1864 Thad was pronounced convalescent by the Rebel "Doctah" and ordered inside the stockade again. There he found David and Eli BUCK and Joseph and Reuben DOUGLASS of Newaygo County. A few days later Reuben DOUGLASS died . The death rate was so bad there, that in one month over 1,200 men died or about 40 a day. WATERS survived, being liberated at Jacksonville, Florida and discharged at Camp Chase on June 16, 1865.

Other Newaygans liberated from Rebel prisons included: Big Prairie's Perry A. CRANDALL of Co. H. 3rd Michigan Infantry (released May 17, 1865); Everett Township's Henry EASTMAN of Co. B, 8th Michigan Cavalry (released May 4, 1865); Ashl and's William Jones of Co. K, 13th Michigan Infantry; John H. MILLER of Co. H. 3rd Michigan Infantry (released May 16, 1865); Croton's James C. GILLMORE of Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry (exchanged February 18, 1865); and White River's Thomas H. SMITH of Co. F. 5th Michigan Cavalry (released May 30, 1865).

After the War, the United States sought evidence to blame high Confederate officials for conditions in their prisons and actually tried several subordinates. Only one, Wirz of Andersonville, went to the gallows.

Long and weary were the marches, and fierce and bloody were the battles that marked the years from 1861 to 1865. The comrade who, at morning, answered "here" at eventide could nevermore respond. Never before in the annals of history was any similar struggle waged on so grand a scale or with so great a destruction of men and material as in this "the great American conflict."

At last the final day came. The South, no longer able to with stand the prowess and overwhelming forces of the North, was compelled to surrender, and then "the brave boy in blue" marched home again, but not until nearly half a million o f his number were killed outright on the field, died of disease and wounds, or were crippled or maimed for life.

Many returned home to find themselves penniless and helpless but strong in their determination to grapple with the world. The promises made to the men who left their families to go forth to fight for the integrity of the nation were but poorly kept. Though some were provided with employment by the government, and many patriotic citizens, who remembered and appreciated their service, came nobly forward and gave them the preference in their enterprises, still a great number remained unemp loyed and unprovided for. This state of affairs caused deep anxiety in the hearts of their more fortunate comrades, who had stood shoulder to shoulder with these men during the death storm of battle but who had come out of the war with happier fortune and who were now better able to cope with the world.

It was this condition of affairs that caused the pioneers in the Grand Army of the Republic to conceive the idea of forming an organization that would, to a certain extent, look after the disabled and unemployed veterans and to the welf are of the widows and orphans of those who had fallen in the conflict. Such were the circumstances which led to the organization of the G.A.R. Brothers under the cloud of war, brothers in a thousand common dangers, brothers in a thousand common sufferings , brothers they must remain in the sun shine of peace.

The first G.A.R. post was organized at Decatur, Ill. April 6, 1866 by Major B. F. Stephenson and the first state convention was held in Springfield, Ill. July 12, 1866. The first National Convention of the G.A.R. was held Oct. 31, 1866. Michigan Department was first organized at Detroit on Oct. 1, 1867, it was reorganized at Grand Rapids, January 22, 1881 with a total number of 397 posts and a total of 9,432 membership. Newaygo County had a total of seven posts; one at Hesperia, Hawkins , Newaygo, Fremont, Grove, Ashland Center, and White Cloud.

The Hesperia Post was #9 and was organized in 1879 as the Nathaniel Lyon Post, but in 1882 the name was changed to the John A. Dix Post, after the commander of the Seventh Corps. There were 31 signatures on the petition for charter gran t. W. C. Simmons was the commander when the post was organized, Charles Robbins O.D., William Chandler Adj., Richard Slocum Chap., George Bobbins S.V.C., Henry Waterman J.V.C., Henry Brook Q.M., and John Wyman as O.G. The last report from the post was dat ed Dec. 31, 1935 with only one member remaining, James McConnell.

The Hawkins Post was number 128, and was organized in 1894 being disbanded in 1906. The post was named after Austin Blair, who was Governor of Michigan during the war from 1861 to 1865. The Hawkins Post being only 1 mile inside of Neway go County line, many of the membership were from Lake, Osceola and Mecosta Counties.

The post at Grove was number 291 and was named after *Thomas A. Eddie, who lived in Montcalm County, across the road from Ensley Township. He was killed in action at Meadow Bridge, Va. on May 12, 1864. The charter members of the post we re Andrew Flynn, Joel Delano, Dennis Delano, James Malcolm, Austin Watertown, Edwin Gould, Alanson Dickinson, John Mathews, Simon Dancer, David Collins, William VanLiew, Joseph Brown, Alfred Hall, Lewis Wright, Joseph Ryan, James McPherson, James Carr, Ch arles Goodrick, Silas Church, Joseph Shutts, Charles Haney, James Arsnoe, O. N. Slaight, Cyrus Slaight, Gilbert Fox, and N. L. Ferguson. The post was organized in 1885 and disbanded in 1898. Alanson Dickinson was the last remaining member.

The Newaygo post was #133 and was named after Samuel A. Judd, who was a Capt. of the 3rd Mich. Inf. He was from Grand Rapids, and was killed in action at Fair Oaks, VA, May 31, 1862. The post was organized in 1883, with S.D. Thompson as Commander; Edwin Shaw, S.V.; Sanford Brown, J.V.; Hiram Seeley, O.D.; George Taylor, Q.M.; S.W. Hall, O.G.; George Bennett, Surg.; Ira Poats, Chap.; Seth Watrous, Adj. The post was disbanded in 1919.

There must have been two posts in Newaygo, as the Newaygo Republican reports, the Newaygo G.A.R. Post #53 was organized December 3, 1870 at the Brooks House. The charter members were: A.M. Spaulding, P.C., W.W. Dickinson, S.V.P.C., Sanf ord Brown, F.V.P.C., J. Carpenter, P.A., Bruce Jackson, O. of D., Dr. D.W. Flora, E,.S., Geo. King, Q.M., Jerome Carpenter, Chap., Wm. Doty, Q.M.S., and E. Eldred, O. of G.

The Fremont post was #182, and was named the Henry Dobson Post. It was organized in 1883 with 42 members. James Odell was the commander with Charles Rathburn, S.V.C., Anson Northway, J.V.C., Walter Platt, Adj., Orlando McNabb, Q.M., J.A . Lemoreoux, Surg., Samuel Odell, Chap., George McNutt, O.D., Ranson Piper, O.G., Simon Barnhart, S.M., and John Delamater, Q.M. Sgt. The post was disbanded in 1917. One of the things the Fremont post did was to get a monument placed in the Fremont Maple Grove Cemetery for the veteran. (See story and letter printed elsewhere in the book). There are eight veterans buried on this lot with the monument. Their names are: David Boyden, Ruben Curtice, L.F. Parker, Francus Phillips, Joseph Moe, T.L. Hopkins, N.G . Gould, and Theo. O'Dell.

The White Cloud Post was #366 and was called the Gordon Post. It was formed in 1896 and disbanded in 1917. The Gordon Post held the Michigan Veterans Association Reunion at the city park in White Cloud for several years.

On September 20, 1883, the first Soldiers and Sailor Reunion was held in Newaygo and a county association of soldiers and sailors was formed, with over a hundred members. William H. Hall of Ashland was chosen president; William C. Simon s and Nathan Smith, vice-presidents; Edwin Shaw, secretary; and Stephen D. Thompson, treasurer. It was resolved to hold another reunion in the month of August, 1884, to continue for three days. Altogether, this reunion was a great success and was probably the best celebration of any kind ever held in Newaygo.

The Michigan Veterans' Association was organized in Fremont in 1898 and held at the G.A.R. Park on Fremont Lake. There were several days of camping, rowing and sailboat racing, tub races, swimming contests and other features tending to make it one whole week of a carnival of fun and frolic, closing with fireworks on the lake on the last night of the reunion. This association reunion was held annually through 1910.

There was also the Muskegon Valley Soldiers and Sailors. This association was started in 1888 at Newaygo and lasted several years. They held the 14th annual reunion on September 8-12, 1902, at Shaw Park reunion ground. By 1890 the membe rship of the Grand Army of the Republic had grown to a total of 436,591. This appears to have been the highwater mark in its history. Along with the G.A.R., there were several other veterans organizations and auxiliary. Some of these are as follows: Ladie s Aid Society, Ladies of the G.A.R., Loyal Legion, Medal of Honor, Sons of Veterans, Union Soldiers Alliance, Union Veterans Union, United States Navy, and the Woman's Relief Corps. Later there was the Daughters of Union Veterans. Most all of these organizations were for the aid of the veterans and their widows and orphans.

Wm. Fleming Co. I 26th N.Y. Cav.

B.H. Kimball Co. D 27th Mich. Inf.

A.H. Northway Co. B 25th Mich. Inf.

W.H. Rhodes Co. D 8th Mich. Cav.

John Barnhard Co. H 3rd Mich. Inf.

Dan Davis Co. E 1st Ohio Inf.

Wm. A. Balcom Co. G 21st Mich. Inf.

P.S. Castle Co. L 11th Mich. Cav.

E.A. Westbrook Co. C 15/13 Mich. Inf.

S.W. Dunham Co. H 64th N.J. Inf.

B.F. Teston Co. 1 21st Ohio Inf.

D.W. Baker Co. B 1st W.V. Inf.

A. Bierce Co. A 1st Mich. Sharpshooters

S.V. Walker Co. A 21st Mich. Inf.

Robt. Jacklin Co. A 21st Mich. Inf.

G.H. Martin Co. D 100th N.Y. Inf.

C.W. Barton Co. F 75th N.Y. Inf.

B. Edmonds Co. F 21st Mich. Inf.

R.K. Barlow Co. H 6th Mich. Inf.

Daniel Shippy Co. D 11th Mich. Inf.

A.W. Hungerford Co. 1st Mich. (102nd U.S.) Colored Inf.

G.R. Miner Co. A 41st Ohio Inf.

John Williams Co. E 18th N.Y. Inf.

Geo. R. Nellis Co. A 10th Mich. Cav.

Eph. Echtinaw Co. B 19th Ohio Inf.

M.L. Cole Co. K 107th Ill. Inf.

A. Griffeth Co. D 1st Mich. Hvy. Ar.

Jos. Whitehead Co. A 13th Mich. Vol.

A.J. Stone Co. K 13th Mich. Inf.

T.H. Smith Co. F 5th Mich. Cav.

A.M. Phelps Co. K 4th Mich. Cav.

S.P. Odell Co. G 30th Mich. Inf.

Wm. Vanda Co. G 2nd Mich. Cav.

J.R. Penny Co. C 30th Wis. Inf.

L. Squires Co. L 23rd Ohio Inf.

Wm. Harman Co. C 99th Ind. Inf.

M.L. Manley Co. C 29th Ohio Inf.

W.F. Pumfrey Bat. E 1st Ohio Lt. Arty.

D.W. Johnston Co. I 159th Ohio Inf.

L.W. Pickett Co. E 2nd Mich. Cav.

J. Dean Co. E 14th Mich. Inf.

O.H. Curtis Co. H 1^st Mich Lancers Mich.

C.l. Rathbum Co. E 111th N.Y. Inf.

G.W. Humfrey Co. H 57th Ill. Inf.

S.G. Allen 1st Lt. Co. I 9th N.Y. Cav.

W.S. Platt Co. H 9^th Ohio Cav.

N.D. Holt Co.H 153rd N.Y. Inf.

J.M. Backus Co.B 76th N.Y. lnf.

E.W. Eldred Co.K 1st N.Y. Lincoln Cav.

John W. Douglas Co. I 1st N.Y. Vol. Eng.

J. Castle Co.I 11th Mich. Cav.

W.H. Metan or Wetan Co.H Inf. Cal. Va.

E.E. Giddings Co.D 117th Ohio Vol. Inf.

Irwin C. Fox Co.C 9th Ind. Reg.

Wm. Brownell Co.L 9th Mich. Cav.

Hiram M. Bull Co.K 118th N.Y. Inf.

J.A. Milliman Co. F 129th Ind. Inf.

G.A. Mills Co. G 149th N.Y. Inf.

C.G. Gohn Co. G 48th Ind. Inf.

Hiram Place Co. C 6th U.S. Cav.

J.R. Odell Co. M 11th Mich. Cav.

Silas L. Young Co. M 1st Wis. HA

W.F. Tenant Co. 1 157th N.Y. Inf.

C.S. Adams Co. H 6th Mich. Cav.

Wm. Pearson Co. C 28th N.Y. Inf.

John Royston Co. H 6th Mich. Hvy. Ar.

D.L. Barnes Co. H 15th Mich. Inf.

J.H. Canavan Co. E. 1st Mich. Eng. & Mech.

Lyman Dunn Co. G 19th Ohio Inf.

Wm. McSwan Co. K 3rd Mich. Inf.

F.A. Bacon Co. L 11th Mich. Cav.

W.A. Rounds Co. C 16th U.S. Inf.

John Delamater Co.C 26th Mich. Inf.

F.M. Nay Co.E 152nd Ind. Inf.

Shiner Preston Co.K 3rd Mich. Inf.

Geo. Seymour Co.B 16th Wisc. Inf.

The Muskegon Valley Soldiers and Sailors Association was born in September 1883. It originated in the furtile brain of two or three of the Comrades residing in this village and its first encampment was held that year on the court house square and consisted of four tents and a Corporals Guard of old Veterans who for one day and night enjoyed its campfire and lived over again the scenes of other days.

At this meeting the Newaygo County Soldiers and Sailors Association was formed with S.D. Thompson as its first president. This event having proved so enjoyable it was decided to hold another reunion in this village in September 1884.

In the summer of that year our enterprising townsman John H. Simmons, being then owner of what is now known as Riverside Park, but at that time a bramble bush consisting of oak grubs, briars and decayed timber, very generously set to wo rk with teams and men and at his own expense cleared a portion of it and donated its use to the Comrades for their encampment that year, which was a success, both socially an in point of numbers. Mr. Thompson was reelected president, and another encampmen t was voted for the following year, 1885, at the same place, which was in every way successful, the attendance being nearly doubled over previous years, Mr. Thompson being again elected its president.

At this encampment it was voted to take it to Hesperia for the year 1886, which was held in a beautiful grove one-half mile east of Hesperia village, and there are none of those who attended the encampment but what carry pleasant memori es of the occasion and the good will of the Hesperia people.

At this encampment H. Lever was elected president and it was voted to Fremont for the year 1887. This year was also a success both socially and in point of numbers, and the crowd was handsomly entertained by the Fremont people. It havin g been learned that the National Encampment was to be held in Columbus, Ohio, for the year 1888, and as many of the members desired to attend, no officers were elected and no encampment was to be had unless a petition signed by twenty-five members was pre sented, in which case a meeting should be called, officers elected and a time and place fixed to hold it. This petition was obtained by David Kimbell then a resident of Garfield Township, and a meeting was called at the court house in this village July 28 , 1888, at which Mr. Kimbell was elected president and L.D. Spooner of Fremont, secretary, and it was also voted at this meeting to hold a reunion in the year 1888. The reunion was held at the close of which Rev. C.W. Gardner was elected president, and ha s held the office continuously ever since.

The name of the association was changed at this encampment on suggestion of Dr. D.W. Flora to The Muskegon Valley Soldiers and Sailors Association which has become familiar to every household in this county and wide spread in the state. Since the year 1888 an encampment has been held every year in Simmons' Grove, now Riverside Park. It is one of the most beautiful groves in the county and peculiarly adapted to the purpose for which it is used. It was purchased from Mr. Simmons by a synd icate of Newaygo people who have spared no pains in fitting it up and have donated its use to this association as did Mr. Simmons while he was the owner. It is situated on the north bank of Muskegon River, within a few rods of Newaygo Village, is a romant ic spot where the old soldier can pitch his tent, build his campfire and surrounded by his family and Comrades, enjoy a week of pleasure.

This association has grown from a Corporals Guard, to now the largest in the state. It requires three hundred tents to accommodate the Comrades and friends who come to stay the week. Each year has been an improvement over the proceeding year, both in numbers and arrangement of grounds until they have reached an epoch, wherein they support a daily paper, a valuable adjunct to an encampment of this magnitude.

Great credit is due to the officers through whose management it has attained its success, and it is the earnest wish of the writer that of the few years allotted to the Grand Army before they answer the last bugle call a few days of eac h year may be spent on this Muskegon River hillside in social reunion with those who side by side fought the battles and won the victory for "Old Glory" which floats so proudly over them.

Seth S. Watrous has acted as secretary of the association since its organization (save one year) and to his clerical ability, energy and good judgment much of the success of the organization depends. That he shall continue at the helm f or years to come is the sentiment of every old soldier on the ground.

SOME OF NEWAYGO COUNTY’S LAST SURVIVING CIVIL WAR VETERANS

Henry D. Woodward was born in Pike Township, Allegany Co., N.Y., April 22, 1845 and died in Newaygo on January 19, 1923. He came with his parents to Bridgeton in 1852, at the time Issac D. Merrill was a prominent business and lumberman. He grew to manhood on a farm, attended district school and at an early age, decided that for him to obtain success was to start on his own.

Dwight, at the age of 18, on August 27, 1863, enlisted in the Union Army, Co. A 10th Michigan Cavalry and received his discharge at Memphis, Tennessee, November 21, 1865, several months after the close of the war.

After his return from the service, he followed the lumber industry, becoming identified with several lumber interests and later started out on his own as an independent operator.

He entered the field of politics and in 1877 was elected supervisor from Bridgeton Township and held that office until 1882. Then, in 1884, he was elected to the honorable office of Judge of Probate, following the long service of James Barton. Dwight Woodward gave the county 12 years of capable service.

Mr. Woodward carried on a real estate and loan business from his office in the old Webber & Hatch Bank Bldg., and later, had an influential part organizing the First State Bank of Newaygo and was one of the directors at his death.

The ranks of the Civil War veterans living in Fremont were thinned this week by the passing of David Wilson Baker. This leaves but 12 members of the Grand Army of the Republic in this vicinity.

Mr. Baker was just past his 86th year. During his residence here of over 50 years, he was in the employ of the Pere Marquette Railroad for most of that time. He was born in W. Virginia on April 14, 1840. Spending his boyhood and young m anhood there he felt the call of the north against slavery when the war broke out, and was forced to walk for three days and two nights through the enemy's territory to enlist in the northern army. He served the entire length of the war. When the war was over, he came to Douglas, Michigan and there married Mary Jane Rhodes. They had two children, George and Florence. Mrs. Baker passed away nine years ago and his son died 11 years ago. He is survived by his daughter, Mrs. Charles Dickinson and two granddau ghters, Marguerite and Mary Baker of Grand Rapids.

Mr. Baker and his family moved to Fremont in 1873, 53 years ago and has resided in this city since that time.

Warren S. Stone was born in Painsville, Ohio January 4, 1846 and died at his home in this village September 26, 1918.

In 1861 he moved with his parents to Riley, Clinton County, Michigan and in 1864 (at the age of 18) he enlisted with the Union army, serving until the end of the war as a member of the Old Third Michigan Infantry. At the close of the wa r he returned to Clinton County. On November 25, 1866 he was united in marriage to Mary Metzgar and to this union six children were born: Byron P., William A., Frank J., George W., Mrs. Bert Cornell and Mrs. Nelson Omans, all of whom reside near here exce pting Frank J., whose home is in Hicksville, Ohio.

In 1880 he moved to Newaygo County and located on a farm in Garfield Township, where he resided until 13 years ago, when failing health compelled him to give up active work and he moved to this village, where he lived at the time of his death.

He was a member of the G.A.R. and an active church worker for 25 years until three years ago when he was stricken with paralysis. Since then he has gradually failed until his death.

He is survived by his widow, six children, and one brother, J. B. Stone of Wacousta, Clinton County, besides other relatives and friends to mourn his loss.

His funeral services were conducted by Rev. Wingerden in the M. E. Church, Sunday afternoon and he was laid at rest in the Newaygo Cemetery.

Those from out of town attending the funeral were: Frank Stone, Hicksville, OH; J. B. Stone, Wacousta, MI; Mrs. George Kimbell, Muskegon; Mrs. Wm. Groner, Grand Ledge.

Grant, Feb. 7 - William H. Downing, a resident of Ashland Township since 1860 and of Grant since 1885, has had a varied career as a lumberman, farmer, soldier and postmaster. He still owns the farm on which he settled with his paren ts 64 years ago. He has been active in village life here.

Mr. Downing was born in Belmont, N.Y. in 1847 and came to Michigan with his parents in 1858, settling in Sparta. He first visited Newaygo County driving a team for Miss Hulda Simons, teacher at Lambson's School, along a track through th e woods. Miss Simons was one of the first teachers of the township.

Mr. Downing remained on the farm until 1885, when he rented it and came to Grant. Since that time, he has sold farm implements, operated a livery and been postmaster. He held the government position six years during the Wilson administr ation, resigning because of his wife's ill health. He also spent two years in North Dakota and lumbered for a short time.

Mr. Downing served for a brief period in Company A, 10th Michigan Cavalry during the Civil War, enlisting February 9, 1864, and being discharged November 22. He was an officer of the reunion, formerly held in Newaygo, and for some time was commander. He also commanded a cavalry company, which paraded on the reunion ground and met trains carrying soldiers.

Mr. and Mrs. Downing, the latter being formerly Miss Anna Longcore of Casnovia, celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1916. They married January 1, 1866. Mrs. Downing died December 2, 1923 after an illness of five years.

Besides having been postmaster here, Mr. Downing was a justice of the peace for a number of years and a constable. He is a member of the I.O.O.F., the Rebekahs, the G.A.R. and an honorary member of the American Legion.

Newaygo lost another pioneer resident Wednesday evening a last week when death came to James H. Edwards, following brief illness.

Mr. Edwards was born i, Medina Township, Lenawee County, January 14, 1845 an. resided in the county of his birth until he reached the age of about 17 years, when he enlisted in the Union army as a member of the 18th Michigan Infantry, s erving three years, or until the close o the war. After being mustered out, he attended school at Yp silanti for a time, coming t' Newaygo in 1869 and residing here continuously until hi death.

Upon his arrival here, Mr. Ed wards entered into the hard ware business which he continued until about 1900, when he retired to devote his entire time to his farming interests. He was married April 22, 1874 to Miss Alice Banker, who sha red with him the joys and sorrows of more than half a century, passing away July 19, 1925. Surviving Mr. Edwards are two sons, Daniel S. of Newaygo and J. Harrison of Grand Rapids; two daughters, Anna B. and Caroline E. Morris of Newaygo; one brother, Alf red, of Aurora, IL; and one sister, Sarah E. Marshall of Chicago.

Mr. Edwards was widely known for his Grange connections. He was, during his entire life, an ardent worker for the prohibition cause and was, for many years, a staunch member of the Congregational Church. He was also one of the few survi ving members of Samuel Judd Post, G.A.R.

Funeral services were held from the Congregational Church last Friday afternoon and burial was in Newaygo Cemetery.

Chauncy F. Gohn, one of Fremont's four survivors of the Civil War, passed away suddenly at his home on West Oak Street Friday afternoon while lying on a couch. He was 90 years, nine months and 24 days old.

Mr. Gohn was born in Sommerset County, Pennsylvania July 17, 1841 and went from Pennsylvania to Indiana with his parents when a small boy. On March 12, 1869, he was united in marriage to Rebecca H. Hart of LaGrange County, Ind., who die d August 6, 1883. To this union were born six children, one dying in infancy and one daughter, Mary Jane Culver, proceeding him in death 17 years ago. The four surviving children are Charles F. and Clara I. Gohn of Fremont, William H. Gohn of Kendallville , Ind., and Harry S. Gohn of Protection, Kan. Thirteen grandchildren and 15 great grandchildren also survive.

Mr. Gohn gave service to his country in the Civil War. He enlisted for three years in Company G. 48th Infantry, Indiana and then re-enlisted in the 129th Infantry of Indiana for the remainder of the war. He was a member of Henry Dobson Post, G.A.R., until it disbanded a few years ago.

Mr. Gohn was of a friendly nature and had many friends in the community.

The funeral services were held from the home Monday afternoon and were in the charge of the Rev. Clyde E. Pickett, pastor of the Church of Christ. The body was borne to the grave by members of the American Legion and interment took plac e in the Maple Grove Cemetery.

The following relatives and friends from out of town attended the funeral: Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Gohn; Mrs. M. A. Drumbellar and baby and Richard Gohn of Kendallville, Ind.; Grant Culver, Mrs. Fred Reed and Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Davis of Mont pelier, Ohio. They returned to their homes Tuesday morning. Harry S. Gohn, a son living at Protection, Kansas, was unable to come.

William Dickinson, the son of Philip and Phebe "Hutchinson" Dickinson was born November 29, 1819 in Litchfield Co., Conn.

When he was 10 years of age, his parents moved to Trumbull Co., Ohio, where they bought a farm and he worked on it for 11 years. He then returned to Connecticut and married Miss Caroline Hart. Several years later, they moved back to Tru mbull Co., Ohio, where Caroline died. William then married Miss Sarah Barnes on November 5, 1858. Sarah was the daughter of Elijah and Diantha "Drake" Barnes. On August 23, 1861, William enlisted in Co. A 41st Ohio Inf. and served in the Army of the Cumbe rland, commanded by Generals Buell and Nelson. William was wounded in the battle of Corinth, Mississippi where the Confederate troops, after the battle of Shiloh under General Beauregard, had been led to the little railroad center in Mississippi.

Three great railroad systems penetrated the region, offering an excellent and expeditious method of transportation to whichever army was in control of this strategic point on the steel highways. This important point at the junction of t wo of the roads was Corinth, which Beauregard now occupied, and upon which the federal authorities cast longing glances as soon as the present campaign had begun.

It became clear to Beauregard, that it would be impossible to hold Corinth. Soon after Shiloh, the Union army was reinforced to more than double the strength it had been before. General H.W. Halleck arrived at the landing and took comma nd in person, General Buell with the army of the Ohio. And, later, General John Pope joined his army to that at the Landing and this, with other reinforcements, raised the number to a hundred thousand.

Corinth, Mississippi

On May 25, 1862, the Federal arrived before the town, meeting with slight resistance. By May 30, the Confederates had completely evacuated, and the Federals were in Corinth and in command of the great railroads connecting the Mississipp i Valley with the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico. Soon after this, General Buell led the Army of the Ohio back to the middle Tennessee. On the 24th of July, 1862, William was honorably discharged at Columbus, Ohio.

In the spring of 1863, William moved with his wife Sarah and their children to Newaygo County, settling in Denver Township where he purchased 80 acres of land in Sec. 36. Later, he purchased 120 acres more. Here he raised a large family , having 7 children by his first wife and 12 by his second wife, Sarah. William and Caroline's son Walter also served in the Civil War.

Sarah Dickinson also had 2 brothers serve in the Civil War. The first one was George, who came from Trumble County,

Ohio to Newaygo-County and married Helen Stone, daughter of Chester and Harriet Stone, on February 16, 1864. He was later killed in the service and Helen married the 2nd brother, Daniel on September 24, 1865. Daniel L. Barnes was drafte d for 1 year on March 16, 1865. He was in the Harpen Hospital in Detroit in September, 1865 and was discharged on September 24, 1865. He died in Fremont on October 12, 1915.

Walter Dickinson passed away at his home in this city Tuesday, September 18, after an illness covering a period of 3 1/2 years. He was born October 11, 1844, at Litchfield, Conn., and moved to Michigan in 1864. He was married to Angelin e Kelley November 16, 1873, and to this union two children were born, only one of whom, Charles Dickinson, is now living.

Mr. Dickinson was a veteran of the Civil War and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. He enlisted in Company K 41st Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, August 27, 1861, and was honorably discharged from a hospital in Nashville, Tenn.

Mr. Dickinson is survived by his wife and son, also 7 brothers: Charles and Phillip Dickinson of Huber; Elias, George, Frank, John and William, all of Fremont and 4 sisters: Mrs. Pheobe Bruce of Engadine, Michigan; Mrs. Ida Doyle of Gra nd Rapids; Mrs. George Miller of Fremont; and Mrs. Alice Stout of lonia.

The funeral services were held from the home Friday, September 21, conducted by Rev. H.W. Ellinger, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Interment in Maple Grove Cemetery, Fremont.

R. B. Ruggles, the last of the Civil War veterans of the Holton district, died Friday at his home on the county line, southwest of Fremont. He was 95 years of age.

Mr. Ruggles was born in Connecticut and was married in 1865 to Miss Velona Howard who died in 1910. Mr. and Mrs. Ruggles settled in this section 53 years ago and have lived on the same farm during that entire period. It was necessary fo r them to clear the land before they could proceed to farming operations.

Mr. Ruggles served in Company B, Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, in the Civil War and saw active fighting in a number of important engagements.

Five sons - Fred and Albert at home, Henry of Detroit, Clyde of Grant, and Glen of Flint; three daughters - Mrs. Charles Sherman living across the road from her father's farm, Mrs. Millie Bailey of Petoskey, and Mrs. Helen Badeau x of Cedar Creek; 25 grandchildren and 47 great grandchildren survive.

Funeral services were held at the home at 1:30 p.m. Monday and at the Holton M. E. Church at 2:30. Burial took place in Holton.

James Callender passed away at his home in Newaygo on Friday evening, July 20, at the age of 73 years and 20 days after an illness.

Mr. Callender was born in Ohio, August 4, 1844. February 13, 1864 he married Rachel Rhodes and to this union there were six children born. In the year 1870, he and his wife came to Newaygo, living here 47 years.

At the age of 18 years, he enlisted in Co. C, 38th Regiment Ohio Veteran Volunteers at Bryan, Ohio, serving from 1861 until 1863, when he re-enlisted and served until the close of the war in 1865.

On coming to Newaygo, he lost an arm in a planing mill and has since filled different positions - for many years he was night watchman and tended the lighting of the street lamps, also was janitor for 10 years at the school house.

Mr. Callender leaves his widow and six children, 11 grandchildren, three great grandchildren, two brothers, two sisters, and many friends to mourn his loss.

Funeral services were held at the home at 2:00 Tuesday afternoon conducted by Rev. G. K. Fairbank of Cedar Springs, a former pastor of the M. E. Church of this village and the interment was made in the Newaygo Cemetery.

Within several days of each other, the Civil War called 2 brothers and 1 brother-in-law.

On August 21, 1862, Hiram Cook served in the Civil War as a private in Company I, 150th Regiment, Pennsylvania. His captain was Sigler.

He was present for roll call through May and June, 1863. Missing since the battle at Gettysbury, July 1, 1863, he was believed to be a prisoner.

Hiram Cook was confined at Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia on July 25, 1863. He was then transferred to Andersonville, Georgia on March 19, 1864. While at Andersonville Prison, his gun shot wound to the elbow was cared for.

Andersonvilli Prison

When able to travel again, he was taken to Florence and imprisoned again. While here for 17 months and 15 days, he contracted and suffered from diarrhea and kidney disease as the result from poor food and water conditions.

April 28, 1865, he was exchanged with other prisoners and released from the war.

Hiram Cook moved his new wife to Big Prairie, Michigan and raised five sons and one daughter. Hiram died February 8, 1918 and was buried at Big Prairie. James Cook, Millie Thompson, and Archie Cook were the only three children to stay i n Michigan.

Moses Cook enlisted in Com pany 1, 150th Regiment, Pennsylvania as a private under Captain J.W. Sigler on August 16, 1862. He received awards for a sharp shooter. While serving in the Civil War for three years, he became totally deafene d in the right ear and slightly deafened in the left ear by artillery, at Gettysburg.

He was discharged on June 23, 1865, at Elmira, New York. At the age of 31, he married Jennie Scott from Caledonia, New York and moved to Titioute, Pennsylvania. He became a stone mason and raised one son, Herman and one daughter, Coral He died at the age of 76 and was buried in Titioute, Pennsylvania.

On July 30, 1861 at the age of 20 years old, the Civil War gave a call to young Henry C. Gilles of Centerville, Pennsylvania.

Henry C. Gilles enlisted at Titesvile, Pennsylvania as a private in Company A, 83rd Regiment of Pennsylvania, Infantry.

A 5'7 1/2", blue eyed, dark haired young man left his wife Mary (Cook) Gilles home with the farm to be cared for.

He was reported missing in action several times. On September 20, 1864 he was mustured out as a private.

Henry Gilles died December 26, 1915 at the age of 71 years.

On October 16, 1918 Mary applied for a pension. She had to have three different persons send in forms stating they knew her and Henry Gilles and that they were married.

She finally received a pension amounting to $12.00 a month.

By Brenda Wever

Hesperia, March 28 (Special)

Harmon B. Smith, 92 years old, one of Hesperia's remaining two Civil War veterans died today at 1:30 a.m. at his home. He had been a resident of Oceana and Newaygo Counties most of his life and was an honorary member of the Hesperia VFW Post.

Mr. Smith was born April 16, 1S46. He enlisted Feb. 14, 1865 in Grand Rapids and served as a private in Company D, Tenth Regiment of Michigan Cavalry. He was mustered out of the service in Memphis, Tenn. Nov. 11, 1865.

In 1867 Mr. Smith was married to Mary Jane Babcock, who proceeded him in death several years ago. Surviving are six children, Harry and Mrs. Bertha German of Hesperia, Jesse Smith of Muskegon, Myron of Lansing, Mrs. Arvilla Clayp ool of Fremont, Loren of Washington.

Funeral services will be held Thursday at 2 p.m. from the Lambers Funeral Chapel with Rev. C. L. Austin of the Presbyterian Church in charge. Burial will be in East Cemetery where VFW post members will conduct grave services. Members of the post will also act as nail bearers.

Ira was born November 22, 1840 in Adams Township, Senaca Co., Ohio, the son of Joseph and Lydia Poats. The family moved to Algoma Township, Kent Co., Michigan in 1855. On September 4, 1864 he married Nancy Jane Mimer, who was born in Tr umbull Co., Ohio on December 10, 1839. They moved to Newaygo about 1880 and lived there until their deaths. Ira died December 29, 1900, and his wife died October 17, 1916. Both are buried in the Newaygo Cemetery.

Ira enlisted May 13, 1861 at Grand Rapids, Michigan, in Co. C 3rd Michigan Inf., later transferred to Co. I 3rd Michigan Inf. He was promoted to corporal in 1862, and was discharged on June 10, 1864 at Washington, D.C. from the 75th Co. and Battalion Veterans Reserve Corps. Ira was in several battles starting in July 1862, he was in the Advance on Manassas, VA, Occupation of Fairfax Co. Court House, Action at Blackburn's Ford, 1st Battle of Bull Run, Defense of

Washington, Seige of Yorktown, Battle of Fair Oaks-Seven Pines, Richmond, Harrison's Landing, Goveton, 2nd Battle of Bull Run, Chantilly, Defense of Washington, March Up Potomac to Falmouth, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville, Virgini a, where he was seriously wounded in the left hip by a gun shot on the night of May 2, 1863.

Ira was the chaplain and one of the charter members of the Newaygo Grand Army of Republic, Samuel Judd Post #133, which was organized April 26, 1883.

John was born in Oakland Co., Michigan, May 14, 1843, the son of Jacob and Hannah "Simmons" Carlisle. He remained with his parents until he was 19 years old. He began to learn the mason's trade and was soon known and acknowled ged as a skillful workman. In June, 1863, he enlisted in Co. E 21st Michigan Inf., and participated in many hard-fought battles. In one of these numerous engagements he was disabled for duty, and on application, received an honorable discharge and returne d home. Here he soon recuperated, and again enlisted in the defense of his country. Again he met with an accident, and this time it left him a cripple for life. While being transferred from Nashville to Chattanooga, the train was wrecked, and Mr. Carlisle was among the unfortunates. His thigh was so badly crushed he was compelled to have the limb amputated. After a long spell of illness, he sufficiently recuperated to resume again his trade, which he worked at until 1S74, when he became the stage driver b etween Hesperia and Fremont. This position he held until July 1883, and on August 10 of the same year, he was drowned in White River. He was buried in the East Hesperia Cemetery. At the time of his death, he left four children to the care of his beloved w ife, all living, and born as follows: Edith M., September 14, 1871;Charles I., May 1, 1873; Minnie, December 13, 1876; and John, June 3, 1878. John L. Carlisle and Cynthia C. Dake, the daughter of Reuben and Anna Dake, were married on September 25, 1870 in Denver Township, Newaygo Co., Michigan.

Edwin was born in Bradford Co. Penn., on March 17, 1839, the son of Hiram and Sarah "Swain" Haight. When he was 17 years old, he came to Newaygo Co. and located in Big Prairie Township, where he was engaged in lumbering until the s pring of 1861, when he moved to Denver Township and settled on 80 acres of land, which he began to clear and to make a home for himself. He afterward bought 60 more acres in Section 31.

On June 7, 1863, he was married to Miss Esther Ann Dake, who was born in Barry Co., Michigan, the daughter of Benjamin and Clarissa Dake. Edwin enlisted in the 3rd Michigan Inf. Co. B on August 20, 1864. He participated in the battle at Decatur, Ala. and Murfreesboro, Tenn. At the former place, the battle had commenced when he arrived there, his company was ushered off the cars and went immediately into action. Scarcely a day passed that he was not in some engagement. At Cumberland Gap he was taken sick with that terrible complaint, diarrhea, and was sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., where he remained some time, and was finally discharged at Detroit, August 18, 1865. He immediately came home and settled on his farm. Mr. and Mrs. Haight had two children: Ada L., born October 19, 1876, and Adelbert, born May 3, 1870. Mr. Haight was a member of the John Dix Post #9 of Hesperia. He died 1908, and is buried in the West Hesperia Cemeterv.

James T. Battles was born in Virginia September 18, 1830 and died at the Soldier's Home Hospital in Grand Rapids, December 19, 1913 at the age of 74 years, 3 months and 1 day. Delegation from the Samuel Judd Post 133 acted as pall beare rs and he was buried in the Newaygo Cemetery.

Mr. Battles came to Niles, Michigan in 1863. He enlisted in the 102nd U.S. Colored Infantry, serving 1 year, and receiving an honorable discharge. He was married to Sarah Frances Finley August 15, 1866. To this union, 6 children were bo rn, 4 of whom are left to mourn; Thomas A. Battles, Mrs. Eva Brown, Lansing S. Battles, and John Battles. Mrs. James Battles died April 22, 1897.

Mr. Battles came to Newaygo in 1874, making the journey by wagon. He purchased the east l/2 of southwest 1/4 and Lot 4 of Sec. 36, Garfield Township where he resided and farmed for 40 years. He was famous as a truck gardener and was alw ays first to bring home-grown watermelons into the local market. The Newaygo Republican reports, "In 1878, Jim Battles delivered a large splendid melon to E.O. Shaw, editor, at his office. Again, in 1882, the old reliable J. Battles left the first muskmelon of the season, Saturday A.M. Thank you".

Blessed with a kindly disposition and a fund of ready wit, he made friends of all with whom he came in contact. His children went to Newaygo Public Schools and Thomas was said to have graduated with honors.

James T. Battles’ Funeral

John A Brooks was born in Haverhill, N.H., May 14, 1803. He went to Stanstead, Lower Canada. Five children were born to them: Ellen M., John A. (died in infancy), John A. II, Martha A., and Mary A. In 1836, he decided to seek a home in the west and he spent the winter of 1836 and 1837 in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and then decided to go to Grand Rapids, where he was joined by John F. Stearns.

They came to Newaygo on snow shoes, and then not satisfied, they travelled to the Manistee area, and back again the same way. At this time, Northern Michigan territory was a trackless wilderness. The Newaygo District was a part of Kent County until the legislature defined its boundaries in 1840. Mr. Brooks had abundant energy, a strong character and broad visions, planned well and succeeded in his endeavors. They did not stop at Newaygo but continued up river to the junction of the Musk egon and Little Muskegon (Croton). They both established land claims, however, this same day unknown to either party, Louis Bohne and Herman Joachim, adventurers, pre-empted the Brooks and Stearns claims. Their differences were settled amicably and the fo ur formed a partnership and built a dam on the Little Muskegon River to operate a saw mill. The next year, high water took out the dam and shortly thereafter Brooks and Stearns became discouraged and departed, to return later when prospects were better. O n his return to Newaygo, Mr. Brooks decided not to go back to the "Forks", sold his claim to John F. Stearns who had made his home there, built a saw mill and dam. Mr. Stearns carried on a general business and became known as "Stearns Mill".

Peres M. Pickett, 90 year old Civil War veteran and a resident here for almost three-quarters of a century, passed away at his home in this village Monday, following an illness of about two weeks.

Peres M. Pickett was born in New York state, January 30, 1843, and came to Michigan at the age of nine. He resided in Eaton County until he was 16 years of age, when he came to Newaygo, and in the 74 years that have passed since that ti me, he has made his home in and near this village.

Only 18 years of age at the outbreak of the Civil War, Mr. Pickett was one of the first to offer his services to the Northern cause, enlisting in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry. Following a year of service, he was wounded and later discharged . Upon recovery from his wounds, Mr. Pickett again enlisted and this time served three years, or until the close of the war.

In 1865, following his return to civil life, Mr. Pickett was married to Ellan Platt, who passed away January 7, 1915. Later, Mr. Pickett was united in marriage to Hilinda Shineldecker, who survives him, together with one daughter, Mrs. George Burns of Grand Rapids and Roy of Newaygo.

For many years following the war, Mr. Pickett worked as a stone mason and carpenter and many buildings in this section were erected under his direction. Later, he conducted a farm in Brooks Township, but for many years past he had resid ed in the village.

He was the last surviving member of Samuel Judd Post, G.A.R. of this place, the colors of which organization were given into his care some years ago. As a final tribute, the post flag was used to drape the casket of this grand old warri or and returned to his family.

Funeral services were held in the Congregational Church yesterday afternoon, Rev. Frederick Pinch officiating, and burial was in Newaygo Cemetery.

Farmer - Bridgeton Township, Section 5, was born in Bavaria, Germany, December 5, 1839. His parents, Joseph and Elizabeth (Steiner) Zerlaut, were also born in Bavaria. In 1853, he accompanied his mother (father now deceased) to America. Located at Hopeville, Rhode Island, later to Centerville, Rhode Island and in 1856 to Wauregan Mills, Connecticut, where he remained for two years, working in a woolen factory. In 1858, he came to Muskegon, worked in a sawmill, and at length came with an uncle to Newaygo County in quest of land whereon to establish homes. He located 120 acres in Bridgeton Township and in 1861, brought his mother and remaining members of the family to his place in Bridgeton, where they established a home.

Mr. Zerlaut enlisted in September 27, 1862 in the 6th Michigan Cavalry, Co. H. The regiment was attached to the Army of the Potomac, under Sheridan, and Mr. Zerlaut was in all the actions in which that division of the army participated, excepting those of the Pennsylvania campaign. He was at Buckland Mills, Virginia, October 19, 1863, where he received a bullet wound just above the left knee, the shot passing upwards and coming out at the hip joint. It was at this time, while hospitaliz ed, that President Lincoln visited the hospital and shook Mr. Zerlaut's hand, (as other soldiers'), giving them encouragement. He returned to service and escaped all other mishaps of war and received an honorable discharge December 5, 1865.

Mr. Zerlaut married on February 17, 1866 to Anna Bing (born in Bavaria, Germany, having migrated to the U.S.A. and then Muskegon). The children of Mr. & Mrs. Zerlaut, 10 in number, were born as follows: Henry, May 1, 1867; Joseph, D ecember 16, 1868; George, June 20, 1872; Frank J., May 19, 1874; Anna, March 28, 1877; Fanny, August 25, 1880; Martin, November 5, 1882; Herman, February 14, 1885. Both a son, Frank, October 18, 1870, and a daughter, Elizabeth, May 9, 1876, died the same year as their birth.

"Mr. Zerlaut has made the record of a successful and progressive farmer on his land, and has placed 65 acres under advanced improvements. He is a Republican in politics and has held the position of School Inspector and Drain Commissione r.''

This information was taken from "Zerlaut Family History" ("Roots" pursued and investigated and compiled by Walter Zerlaut, grandson).

Henry Zerlaut, brother to Joseph was born March 11, 1843 in Bavaria, 6ermany. He came from Connecticut and Massachusetts to Muskegon, where he did barbering until the large fire in 1874 destroyed his business, thence moving to Bridgeton . He married in 1865. In March of 1865, he enlisted but was discharged three months later without having seen any actual military service, as the war was ended. Henry later served as Director of School and was elected Justice of the Peace.

George Edward Taylor was born in Quincy, Branch County, March 22, 1844, the eldest son of Hollis and Hannah Taylor, whose ancestors came to this country in the seventeenth century. His parents moved to Kent County in 1857, purchasing fa rm land a few miles east of Grand Rapids. Mr. Taylor helped on the farm until enlisting in the Union Army in the fall of 1861, but not being of age, his parents brought him back home. He tried a second time with the same results. Finally, in August of 186 2, he enlisted in the 21st Michigan Infantry, enrolling in Co. B under James Cavanaugh. He fought in numerous engagements, was captured at Stone River and served a short sentence at Libby Prison, after which he was parolled. He suffered a severe sun strok e from a forced march in the fall of 1862, affecting his eyesight, and eventually resulting in total blindness.

After being mustered out of service in June, 1865, Mr. Taylor returned to Grand Rapids to complete his education. He taught school around Kent County and Muskegon. In November, 1874, he came to Newaygo and taught seven terms in the Unio n School.

In 1878, Mr. Taylor ran for office of register of deeds, defeating Wellington Persons, becoming the second register of deeds in Newaygo County. Mr. Taylor set up an abstractor's business and began to compile a complete new set of abstra cts of the county. After the fire of 1883, he built an office just north of the Courtright Hotel, which also contained the post office. Later, he added a stationery and book store. The upper floor was used for meetings, he being a member of the Odd Fellow s and G.A.R.

Mr. Taylor's eyesight failing, he sought the help of a younger brother, Walter. Walter Taylor studied law from books of a local attorney, becoming an expert witness in the numerous litigations over timber lands. Later, he moved to Kalam azoo, becoming an attorney, state representative and mayor of that city for two terms.

George Taylor served as register of deeds for six years but continued his abstract business. Upon returning, he sold the business to F.W. Riblet who later moved to White Cloud when that city replaced Newaygo as the county seat.

Mr. Taylor bought 80 acres from Ryerson Hills on the south end of Pickerel Lake, where he built a retirement cottage and planted fruit trees on the higher land. He owned numerous properties in Newaygo County, one in partnership with a l ocal lumber man.

Mr. Taylor died April 6, 1909, and was buried in the Newaygo Cemetery. He was survived by one daughter, Clara.

By Wm. Taylor

Peter H. Robinson was born February 19, 1839 to William and Mary Robinson at Manchester, England and immigrated to the United States in 1852. He settled in the Cleveland, Ohio area.

President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers. Two days after, the first shots were fired at Ft. Sumner, April 12, 1861, and Mr. Robinson volunteered 10 days later at Cleveland, Ohio. He was assigned to Company D, 7th Ohio Infantry. He reportedly was in the first Battle of Bull Run in Virginia on July 21, 1861.

After being honorably discharged at Painsville, Ohio in Lake County, he met and married the former Marcia Curtice, May 25, 1863, and the same year, Mr. & Mrs. Robinson came to Newaygo, and with the exception of a few months spent in the Fremont area, spent the rest of their lives in Newaygo.

Seven children were born to Mr. & Mrs. Robinson: the late Mrs. Reno Preston, of Fremont; Frank Robinson, of Newaygo; Mrs. Ada Dempster, of Canada; Mrs. Anna Herrington, of Grand Rapids; the late Mrs. John Bailey of Newaygo; and two children who died in infancy. Two of Mrs. Robinson's grandsons live in the Newaygo area today: Max and Norman Bailey.

In the winter of 1870, Mr. Robinson was in the woods near the village of Newaygo, along with one Arron S. Skinner. He climbed on top of a large log and jumped off, alighting upon a small tree that was bent over and concealed by snow. Wh en his feet slipped and spread apart, he suffered a severe hernia on his left side. By 1898, he was barely able to support his family because of his injury and applied for a disability pension authorized for Civil War veterans. Eventually he was awarded $ 6 a month disability pension, which he was receiving at the time of his death. He suffered a fatal heart attack while working at the old water works on Brooks Creek in Newaygo and died March 5, 1904, and was buried in the Newaygo Cemetery.

By Max Bailey

A typical army blacksmith scene. Union army blacksmiths horseshoe nearly 500 new horses & mules daily

After many weeks of confining illness, our old pioneer friend, Chas. P. Utley passed to his rest the morning of May Z6, just as the light of day was appearing in the east.

He was a Michigan product, born in Livingston County, August 7, 1837 - the same year Michigan was admitted into the Union as a state.

In 1849, he moved to Newaygo County, settled in Big Prairie Township, where he lived until his enlistment in the Civil War in 1862 and serving until its close as a private in Co. A, 6 Regiment, Michigan Cavalry. At the close of the war he returned to Big Prairie and shortly afterward came to Hesperia and located the land from which he owned until his death.

During those early days of rigorous combat for a livelihood, he followed various occupations. He operated the first threshing machine in this vicinity - a cumbersome horse-power affair - but the best the times then afforded, hauling it many miles between jobs, over corduroy roads to thresh the few bushels of grain for the scattered farmers. He often was employed as a timber inspector for the firms doing the lumbering business in this vicinity and sometimes did lumbering business on his own account. He conducted a hotel and engaged in various occupations and finally, some 25 years ago, bought out a drug store which business he conducted for the remainder of his life.

Being a bred pioneer, the stamp of that arduous life was firmly fixed upon him, and yet with all that, there was a tenderness and simplicity of heart that made him a friend with the children. It was often remarked show fond 'Clark' is o f children!" He was a doer of things and much is left as a memorial of his energy. He hated a sham, a fraud and a hypocrite.

A widow and five children, three sons and two daughters, are left to mourn his departure.

He was laid to rest in Hesperia East Cemetery, May 31 and was followed to his resting place by a long cortege of friends. Rev. James G. Young, officiating.

James L. Harriger was the last remaining veteran living in White Cloud when he died on December 9, 1935. He was 88 years old when he died at his daughter's home, Mrs. Marie Hall, in Wilcox Township.

Mr. Harriger was a resident of White Cloud for 45 years during which he built many farm homes and barns in following his trade as a carpenter. He was born in Reedsburg, Pennsylvania on January 9, 1847. He enlisted in 1864 and after serv ing four months at the front, he came to Vicksburg, later moving to White Cloud.

Always featured in the annual 4th of July celebration, Mr. Harriger was an honorary member of the Sgt. Bowman Post of the Veterans of Foreign Wars and a member of the G.A.R. Post which was discontinued several years ago when death thinn ed the ranks of the veterans. He was married to Annette Moyer of Mendon in September, 1872. Mrs. Harriger died in 1895.

Julius F. Castle, a resident of Fremont and vicinity since 1865, passed away at the soldiers' home in Grand Rapids in 1922, after a short illness. He was 80 years old. Mr. Castle was one of the few remaining of the early pioneers of thi s community who settled here in the '60's, coming from Reading, Michigan. Mr. Castle was born there on April 8, 1842, the son of Mr. & Mrs. Giles Castle. He spent his boyhood in the southern part of the state.

He enlisted at Reading in Company I, 11th Michigan Cavalry and served from November 10, 1863 until June 5, 1865. He was discharged at Lexington, Kentucky. He went to the Michigan Soldiers' Home on August 8, 1921. For many years he was a n active member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. Castle was married in Reading, July 26, 1863 to Laura Palmer who died January 23, 1920.

Stephen Decatur Thompson was born December 27, 1839 in Madison County, Indiana. His parents, Leonard and Amy Thompson, moved to Grand Rapids in 1845 and 4 years later his father joined the 49'ers and went to the gold fields, where he di ed of cholera in the Rocky Mountains. His mother died about the same time, leaving several orphaned children.

At the age of 10, Stephen went to live with the George Jenny family. In 1852, Mr. Jenny came to Newaygo looking for work. He obtained employment with John A. Brooks who was constructing a saw mill at the mouth of Brooks Creek, then retu rned to Grand Rapids to bring his family to their new home. Stephen Thompson accompanied the family and drove the family cow all the way, taking 2 days.

Steve, being a husky lad for his-age, was soon able to assist in the construction of the Brooks Mill. Later, he worked on the Big Red Mill.

In 1861, Stephen D. Thompson answered the call of his country and enlisted in the Union Army on May 13, 1861, served through 6 battles, and, injured at the second battle of Bull Run, was discharged December 30, 1862.

Returning to Newaygo, he was soon engaged in construction work. In 1866, he entered partnership with W.W. Dickinson to manufacture builder's lime. A kiln was built about 1 1/2 miles north of Newaygo on Pennoyer Creek. The material burne d was marl and obtained from a deposit close by. The diggings are still visible.

On August 30, 1866, he was united in marriage to Adelia L. Bennett. Four children were born to this marriage: Louis I., June 2, 1867; Maud A., March 17, 1869; William G., August 16, 1872. The latter born in Big Rapids, where the family had moved to take up restaurant business, and finding the change unsuitable, returned to Newaygo in 1874. Howard S. Thompson, the fourth child, was born in Newaygo in 1877.

On his return to Newaygo in 1874, S.D. Thompson joined the firm of Simmons, Bennett & Company, as a silent partner and became sole owner in 1877. The business prospered and in 1898, he turned the management over to his sons, Lou and Will, to devote time to his wood product business.

In 1900, a new era for business started. The Newaygo Portland Cement Company became a reality and brought new faces and prosperity to the village, and, also to meet a growing demand for groceries from summer residents, the Thompsons ini tiated delivery service to Hess Lake and the lakes north of Newaygo during the summer months.

James Barton, was born in May, 1846, in Oakland County. His parents came to Newaygo County when James was four years old, settling in Big Prairie Township where the father bought 600 acres of pine and farming land.

James was only 15 years old when the war broke out and he had a great desire to enter his country's service. It was not until 1864, however, that he was permitted to enlist, being assigned to Battery M, 1st Michigan Light Artillery.

After the war, he returned to Newaygo County and engaged in lumbering and other pursuits. He was married in 1874 to Barbara Dingman, whose father, Jarret Dingman, was a pioneer at Otis, in this county. In 1878, his father sold the Big P rairie property and bought a farm in Garfield Township, three miles from Fremont. James eventually became the owner of this farm and operated it for 13 years, maintaining his residence in town. Later, in partnership with his son Melvin, he operated a shoe and harness repair shop here, from which he retired a year ago.

Shinar Preston of Fremont, died at his home at 124 E. Elm Street, in 1932. Mr. Preston was the son of William and Margaret Preston and was born in Ohio, August 15, 1839. They remained in Ohio until his father's death and when he was 11 years old, he came to Michigan with his mother. For a time, they lived near Big Prairie and Croton, Newaygo County. Then, they came to Dayton Township to make their home.

On March 12, 1862, he enlisted in the 3rd Michigan Infantry and served three years, taking part in many important battles. Among them were those of Gettysburg, the Battle of the Wilderness, Williamsburg (Virginia), Mine Run, Locust Grov e and the siege of Yorktown. He was honorably discharged at Elmira, N.Y. in March of 1865, and at once returned to Newaygo County where his mother was living.

He was married in Dayton Township, March 17, 1872 to Eugenia, daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Frederick Dickison. Her parents came to Michigan in 1859. To Mr. & Mrs. Preston, ten children were born. Mrs. Preston passed away in 1914. In 1 915, Mr. Preston married Mrs. Hannah Brooks, who died in 1929.

Lt. Wallace W. Dickinson, a former resident of this county, and for 4 years county treasurer, died at his home in Grand Rapids on Thursday morning, June 10. Nearly the last request made by Mr. Dickinson was that his remains should be la id in the Newaygo Cemetery and the brethren of Newaygo Masonic Lodge of which he had long been a member should have charge of the services. When Mr. Dickinson was in Newaygo last fall attending the reunion, his friends felt that he had not long to stay an d his old comrade, Lucius Gates, requested of Mrs. Dickinson to let him know of the death in order that the G.A.R. might attend his funeral in a body. Mr. Dickinson also requested that notice of his death be sent to John H. Simmons of this village who was county clerk at the time. Mr. Dickinson was county treasurer, a brother Mason and a life long friend Mr. Simmons, was notified of the requests and under his direction arrangements were made for the funeral and the family of the deceased are profoundly gr ateful to him and the citizens of Newaygo, the Masons and the G.A.R. for the tributes of respect and esteem paid his remains by his old friends, his brethren and comrades.

Lt. Dickinson was born in Trumball County, Ohio in 1831. A portion of his childhood days were spent in Indiana. He was educated in Hiram, Ohio and was a classmate of James A. Garfield. He came to this county in 1855 and settled near Cro ton. He was a pronounced anti-slavery man and at the first call to arms after the breaking out of the rebellion he enlisted in the Third Michigan Infantry, being, if we are correctly informed, the first man in the county to enter the service. After the ex piration of his term of service he returned to Newaygo County and engaged actively in recruiting for the 10th Michigan Cavalry, being afterwards appointed to a Lieutenancy in the regiment. Judge Woodward, Lucius Gates and others who still reside here were members of this company. At the close of, the war he again returned to Newaygo and in 1868 was elected county treasurer which office he held for 4 years. At the expiration of his term of office, he engaged in lumbering and removed to Ludington to be nearer the scene of operations. After closing out his lumbering interests he removed to Grand Rapids which was his home until his death. About 1870 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Garrison of Eastmanville who survives him. Two children, a son and daug hter came to them, the son is still living, the daughter having passed over a few years ago.

For nearly 29 years, the writer enjoyed the friendship of Wallace W. Dickinson and his pure-hearted, unselfish and noble chararacter impressed itself upon him at the beginning of that acquaintance. Guileless himself, he believed all men the same and on that account, he was sometimes imposed upon, but a man never lived that knew of a wrong thing intentionally done by him. Single-hearted and true to those he believed to be his friends, loyal to his country and his family, he leaves behind him that of which any man might be proud, the record of a pure and blameless life.

Old Civil War soldiers in about their last parade at White Cfloud, about 1915. Geroge Martin (Harold’s grandfather), Frak doty (long associated with the post office), Rufus Hathely, Nathan Lovell (not a soldier), and Ben Cnadee. Picture taken on Main Street.

Levi Wantz in his Civil War Uniform about 1862

John Peter Wants and Susannah had several children but what happened to them or their names are not known, except their son Levi B. He was born in 1830 in Preble County, Ohio. About 1846, Susannah died and John P. married a widow of Abr aham Argerbright named Delilah. She was the daughter of John and Christina (Moyer) Eaton. She had 5 children of her own named: Jackson, Elizabeth, Soleman, Dermida, and Abraham.

On the 20th day of April, 1853, Levi B. Wants married his own step-sister, Elizabeth Argerbright, in White County, Indiana. They had seven children: Thomas Benton, born March, 1854; Mary Catherine, born April, 1856; Frederick, born June , 1858; John Silvenester, born April, 1860; Margaret Jane, born June, 1861; Sarah Augusta, born November, 1866; and May, born April, 1869.

On the 5th of October, 1861, Levi enlisted at Liberty Mills, Indiana as a private in the infantry in Co. B, 47th Regiment, Indiana Volunteers. Levi was ordered to Camp Sullivan, Indianapolis when his training and his regiment organizati on was complete on the 13th of December, 1861. The regiment was assigned to the brigade of Gen. Buell's Army, commanded by Gen. Woods. The regiment remained on duty at Bordstowns until the 31st, when it moved to camp Wickliffe, where they were engaged in camp duty.

On the 14th of February, 1862 the command left this point under orders to make a forced march to West Point at the mouth of Salt River! and there to embark on transports for Commerce, Missouri. The roads were in a frightful condition an d the weather was very severe, but the prospect of active service nerved every man to do his duty, and thus stimulated, the regiment made the march of 46 miles in three days, and went on-board a steamer that was waiting to transport them to a place of the ir destination. Everyone being glad to accept some shelter, however slight, from the storm of rain that was falling down in torrents. Arriving at Commerce on the 24th of February, they were assigned to Gen. Pope's army and marched at once to New Madrid, w here they engaged the enemy and was the first regiment to enter Fort Thompson.

Thence, Levi moved with the regiment to Riddles Point and participated in the engagement of that place between the shore batteries and rebel gunboats. Leaving there, Levi moved to Tiptonville, Tennessee where he remained for nearly 2 mo nths. After the capture of Fort Pillow, the regiment was transported to Memphis, reaching that place on the 30th of June. On the 11th of August, Levi was in a skirmish with the enemy at Brown's Plantation, Mississippi. Later, moving to Helena, Arkansas wh ere his stepbrother, Abraham Argerbrite died on September 1, 1862, from wounds.

Levi remained there until March, 1863, when he took part in Gen. Quinby's expedition, his regiment joining Grant's army and moving with it to the rear of Vicksburg, engaging in the battles and skirmishes of the campaign on the 16th of M ay. Levi was in the battle of Champion Hills, subsequently going into the trenches at Vicksburg, near the enemy's works. The 47th remained with them until the surrender on the 4th of July, being almost constantly engaged in the siege. After this, Levi mar ched with his regiment to Jackson with Sherman's expedition and took part in the engagement at that place.

Returning to Vicksburg, Levi took transports for New Orleans in August. From there he traveled to Berwick Bay. While in this portion of Louisiana, Levi participated in Bank's expedition through Teche County, engaging with the enemy at G rand Coteau. He then moved to New Sberia and while there in December, 1863 his enlistment was up and the next day he re-enlisted. Later in the spring of 1864, he went with Bank's army up the Red River, engaging in the marches, battles and retreats of an u nfortunate campaign. On the 28th of July, he was engaged with the enemy at Atchafalaya Bayou, Louisiana. Later, he was stationed at Morganza. In February, 1865, Levi was transported to Dauphin Island, Alabama, near Mobile, where he took part in Canby's ca mpaign against that City.

After the fall of Mobile he moved to Shreveport, Louisiana and was with Gen. Herron, to receive the surrender of Gen. Price. Levi remained there until the 23rd of October, 1865 and was mustered out of service there, on the 2nd of No vember, 1865 with his regiment.

After the war, Levi returned to his family in Indiana, moving to Wabash County, Indiana, then into Buther County, Kansas. About 1889, Levi and his wife, Elizabeth, moved to White Cloud. There he was engaged in the livery works and in th e feed store.

On March 9, 191R, Levi died of a vain conflict with cancer of the stomach, combined with liver trouble of long standing. About five years later on February 8, 1923, Elizabeth died at the home of her son, T.B. Wantz of paralysis, with wh ich she was stricken three weeks before, causing her to fall and crack a hip bone. She also was interred in Prospect Hill Cemetery in White Cloud.

Of Levi and Elizabeth's children, Frederick, John and Sarah all died young; Margaret married John Walker; Mary married Charles Shontz; and May married George Oats. They lived around White Cloud and are buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery i n White Cloud.

Hesperia, February 3, (Special). Still in good health for a man of his years, James McConnell, only remaining charter member of John A. Dix Post of the G.A.R., celebrated his 94th birthday here, January 25.

Mr. McConnell was born January 25, 1843 in Porter, N.Y. The McConnell family moved to Michigan when he was 3 years old, and he lived in Hillsdale County until he volunteered for service in the Union Army in 1863.

The aged veteran was assigned to the First Michigan Sharpshooters and saw service in the Wilderness, Colk Creek, Spottsylvania, Fairfax, Cold Harbor and other battles which marked the final stand of the Confederate Army. He was among th e troops who marched in the review before Abraham Lincoln and Gen. U.S. Grant after Gen. Lee surrendered to the Union forces. He was discharged at Jackson in 1865.

Mr. McConnell came to Hesperia in 1866. He spent three years in lumber camps and then lived in Homer where he was a railroad employee for thirteen years. He returned to Hesperia in 882 and has lived here since 1877.

When Dix Post of the G.A.R. was organized here in 1879, Mr. McConnell was one of 75 members.

Sylvester Sprague was born the 7th of March, 1840 at Huntington, Chittenden County, Vermont, and married Pruda Ann Taft at Waterbury, Washington County, Vermont on the 31st of July in 1865. He served in the Civil War as a private in Com pany A, 1st Vermont Cavalry and enlisted at Huntington, Vermont on the 16th of August, 1862, under the command of H.B. Mitchell. He was discharged at Battleboro, Vermont, the 13th of May, 1865.

The 1st Vermont Cavalry, during three years at the front, participated in 75 battles and skirmishes and achieved a reputation as one of the best fighting regiments in the army. They stood 5th in the list of cavalry organizations, suffer ing the greatest loss in killed and mortally wounded. Some of its more well known battles were at Shenandoah Valley, Bull Run, Stoney Creek, and with Gen. Sheridan in Richmond, and Gen. Custer at Cedar Creek, and Shermants famous march · from Atlanta to t he sea."

Sylvester Sprague and his wife came to Newaygo in 1865, with their six children: Horace, Lottie, Florence, Tina, Solomon, and Marv. His son Horace, operated a newsstand in Newaygo for many years, and when he died in 1932, his wife Myrtl e carried on his business. Sylvester Sprague died in Newaygo, May 6, 1914.

Samuel Train was 29 years old when he enlisted as a soldier for the Union Army in 1862. He left from his home in Hinkley, Ohio, leaving his wife, Lurana and two small sons, Willey and John.

He was enrolled with the 5th Regiment Ohio Sharpshooters Co. A, under Gen. Rosecrans and later, Gen. Thomas.

Being skilled with the rifle, he was often detailed for special service. He was in the Battle of Chickahominy, among other engagements.

As the war was ending, Samuel Train contracted and died of smallpox. His death occured on May 15, 1865. He was buried in the 2nd Army Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee.

His wife Lurana and children, along with her brother Laffayette Allen, himself a Civil War veteran, moved to Michigan. They each took out land claims in Grant Township, Newaygo County in the fall of 1865. They were early pioneers.

Although Samuel Train never saw the state of Michigan or Newaygo County, he did leave his name on the "Train School" of Section 27 of Grant Township.

Samuel Train was the great great grandfather of Barbara Train Stroven.

HENRY and DAVID

In the spring of 1864, 3 young men from Fremont went to Grand Rapids to look for employment. They were Henry and David Kimball and Orson David. Not finding work, they decided to enlist in the army. In a few days they were sent to St . Johns for training and then were assigned to Company D, 27th Regiment Michigan Volunteer Infantry.

The 27th Regiment took part in several of the hardest fought battles of the Civil War beginning with Vicksburg and ended with the capture of Petersburg, Virginia, April 3, 1865.

It has often been said that there were more casualties in the Civil War than the combined casualties of all the wars since. Some idea of the losses sustained by the 27th Regiment hen be gained from the following letter written by Orson David dated at Petersburg, Virgina, August 8, 1864 and addressed to: "Dear Brother and Sister," which reads as follows:

Orson David never made it home. He was captured at the Battle of Weldon Railroad and confined to Andersonville Prison and later transferred to Wilmington Prison at Wilmington, North Carolina.

General Sherman reached Wilmington with its fort and prison in January, 1865. The records of the 27th Regiment show that Orson died March 3, 1865 and is buried in the National Cemetery at Wilmington.

Henry G. Babcock was born in Allegany County, N.Y. on March 31, 1840, and died at the home of his son, Cyrus Babcock here, yesterday at 9:30 in the morning following an illness of six months of hardening of the arteries.

From New York, Mr. Babcock moved to Wisconsin where he was married to Miss Tillie Dillings in 1865, who died in 1914. In the same year, he joined the Wisconsin Cavalry.

After the war, he came to Denver Township, this county, where he resided several years. From there he moved to Alleyton, from where he went to the soldiers' home in Grand Rapids. Here he stayed for six years. In 1917, he came here to li ve with his son Cyrus and family. With his death, goes one more Civil War veteran of whom only two still live in White Cloud.

He leaves seven children: Mrs. Altha Kinska, Mrs. Addis Williams, Mrs. Alfa Monks and Dea Babcock of Flint; Mrs. Minnie Hoffman and William Babcock of Grand Rapids; and Cyrus E. Babcock of White Cloud. One child preceded him in death, M ertle, who died in Denver 'I'ownship.

Funeral services will be held tomorrow afternoon at 2:00 at the Soldiers' Home Chapel in Grand Rapids

John H. Morey was born May 14, 1837 in Perry, Wyoming C ounty, N.Y. He enlisted in August, 1861 and was discharged in December, 1862 after participating in the Battle of Shiloh.

In May, 1863, he was married to Lucinda Miller, and reenlisted in November of the same year and with his regiment, went to Chattanooga. During his second term of service, he took part in the two battles of Buzzard's Roost, February, 186 4 and May of the same year, and was in all the battles preceding the siege of Atlanta and took part in the last battles of Jonesboro and Atlanta. His regiment then followed Gen. Hood's army to Alabama, after which it returned to Atlanta and then on the fa mous march to the sea. For one month, he was in the hospital at Savannah, joining his regiment in March. When he joined his regiment at Goldsborough, N.C. after the surrender of Lee and Johnson, the regiment marched to Richmond and Washington and particip ated in the grand review. He was discharged soon afterward and reached home August 5, 865.

He came to Newaygo in 1885, his wife having died in the meantime, married Miss Lottie Sprague September 23, 1888 with whom he lived happily until his death. He was first stricken with paralysis February 13, 1902 and while never fully re covering from the shock, was able to be up and about most of the time. On April 29, he was again stricken and May 1, 1903 he peacefully passed beyond. His funeral was held at the M.E. Church on Sunday last, the services being conducted by Rev. L.W. Calkin s of Sparta.

Mr. Morey had many friends and no enemies. He was the possessor of a disposition which was worth far more than money or station. He was absolutely content with his lot in life and no one ever heard him complain. The happiness of Mr. Mor ey and his good wife was a frequent subject of comment and to Mrs. Morey, who, in the loss of her husband, has sustained an irreparable loss, the heartfelt sympathy of a wide circle of friends is extended.

JOHN D. CHAMPION

James D. Champion died at 11:00 Saturday morning, after an illness of more than a year from chronic neptritis. About 10 months ago, he was stricken with paralysis from which he never recovered, and which undoubtedly hastened his dea th.

James DeLeal Champion was born November 30, 1847. He came with his parents to Michigan in April, 1854, going to an unimproved farm in Casnovia Township across the road from the "Champion School House." John T. Champion, the father, buil t the first school house on that site.

In the spring of 1864, Mr. Champion enlisted to go to the front, being only 16. He had to go as a substitute for a Mr. Merritt, a drafted man, who gave the boy 40 acres of land to take his place as a soldier. Jim, as he is best known he re, served until the end of the war coming home to the farm in August, 1865.

After this, he worked at all sorts of things, and finally settled down to sawmill work, until he had learned nearly every part of the business. In 1877, Jim with his brother-in-law J.H. Broome, bought the sawmill in Casnovia and built t he flour mill.

In 1879, Broome bought Jim out and the latter moved to Morley. From there he went to Mecosta, and finally going to White Cloud about 1887.

Since living here, he has been engaged in business, first with M.D. Hayward in a general store, then on the farm about 5 miles out of town, and later as general manager of Rosenberg's Store.

His health had been poor for a long time, and now for 15 months, he had been confined to his own yard and the house.

Mr. Champion was twice married. The first wife, to whom he was married in 1870, was Sarah C. Gilbert of Casnovia. Mrs. Champion died in January, 1910. In October of that year, he married Mrs. Martha Twiss of Casnovia, who has been a mos t devoted nurse and companion.

Besides his wife, he is survived by two sisters: Mrs. Alice Broome, and Mrs. Ellen Shattuck of Grand Rapids, and one half sister, Mrs. Ada-A-Rae of Washington.

The funeral was held Tuesday afternoon from the M.E. Church, Rev. W. Earle officiating. The body was interred in Prospect Hill Cemetery, the ceremony being taken in charge by Pilgrim Commandry, K.T., of Big Rapids, and was buried with k nightly honors.

Mr. Champion was a mason of high degree, being a member of the local order, Arcada Lodge, F. & A.M., was a member of the Big Rapids Chapter Royal Arch Masons, and Pilgrim Commandry, K.T.

The Big Rapids delegation was composed of Charlie Gay, Ed Mathers, Frank Hardy, S.G. Webster, John Dalziel, George Fairmont, Ed Ketchum, Roy Buck, Dr. F. C. Terrill, C.D. Carpenter, Thomas Caughlin, Walter Hardy, N.D. Matheson, F.H. Iri ng, J.C. Jensen and M.E. Darrell.

Out of town relatives who attended the funeral were: Mrs. Alice Broome, Walton Champion, Mr. & Mrs. W.W. Smith, and James Eastman of Grand Rapids, Mrs. Sarah Murray and Willard Post of Bailey, Mrs. Mary Austin of Stanwood, Royal Twi ss of Casnovia and Mrs. \1I.E. Hawkins of Reed City.

Published in White Cloud Eagle

April 18, 1912

Asa G. Phelps was born in Yates County, New York, April 27, 1822 and died at his home in Brooks Township, July 18, 1906. He was married to Maryette Jones, October 1843 who passed to the beyond June 15, 1904.

He was a veteran soldier, having enlisted in Co. K. 15th Regiment, N.Y. Volunteers and served 1 year. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Phelps, of whom 2 sons and 4 daughters are living. Deceased was a member of Carter Grange and Samuel Judd Post, G.A.R. of this village. His age and regular attendance at Post meetings endeared him to his comrades, 20 of whom, nearly the full membership, attended his funeral.

Lewis J. Crawford, 89, pioneer resident of Ashland Township and one of Newaygo County's rapidly dwindling group of Civil War veterans, passed away at his home in Grant last Thursday, December 11. Mr. Crawford had been ill for 3 years an d suffered a stroke of paralysis but a few days before his death.

Born in southern Michigan in April 1841, Mr. Crawford was hardly of age when he answered President Lincoln's call for volunteers and enlisted in the Union Army. He served 2 years in Co. B, 27th Michigan Infantry, and took part in Grant' s western campaign and the siege of Vicksburg before being discharged for disability.

Mr. Crawford was married in Mt. Clemens in July, 1864, to Miss Elizabeth Leonardson, and the following year the young couple came to Newaygo County. For about 10 years, they resided in Bridgeton and Sheridan Township, when they came to Ashland, where for about 55 years they have made their home.

Mr. Crawford was the first president of the Grant Canning Co., and had served as highway commissioner, drain commissioner and as a member of the school board. Besides a widow, Mr. Crawford is survived by three sons: Fayette and Jay of G rant, and David J. of Charlotte.

Funeral services were held Sunday afternoon in the Wesley Methodist Church in Grant, formerly known as the Adventist Church, and which Mr. Crawford served as pastor for many years. Services were in charge of Rev. and Mrs. C.M. Courson o f Grandville, old friends of the family, and the body was borne to its resting place in Ashland Cemetery by a group of World War veterans.

Thaddeus L. Waters, one of the earliest settlers in Fremont, died at his home in Gig Harbor, Washington, June 28. The following day, which was his birthday, he would have been 88 years of age.

Mr. Waters was born in New York, June 29, 1835, and spent his boyhood days in Ohio, attending the common schools of that state, and at the age of 18 years came to Michigan with his parents. He taught school the last year he was in Ohio and for 2 years after coming to Michigan.

In the spring of 1855 he came to Fremont, purchased 40 acres of wild land, and at once began to clear it and build a log house. He spent most his time in locating lands, and nearly all of the old settlers were conducted through the vast forests, there being no roads leading to the north and west.

Mr. Waters was married in Fremont, May 27, 1855 to Laura J. Weaver, daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Weaver, and they were the first couple to be married in the settlement. The ceremony took place in the first log house built in Fremon t. This house was built by Daniel Weaver and was used for a hotel, store and post office, and was also used for a school. Mrs. Weaver died in Hesperia, December 22, 1879.

To Mr. & Mrs. Waters, were born 5 sons, 3 of whom are still living. The survivors are Alpha F. Waters of Collburn, Colorado; Albert J. Waters of Berkley, California; and Hiram Waters of Olympia, Washington. Theron D. and Elmer prece ded him in death.

Mr. Waters was a veteran of the Civl War and enlisted August 15, 1862, in Co. G. 2nd Michigan Cavalry, and served nearly 3 years. He was in the battle of Perryville, Kentucky; Thompson's Station, Tennessee; and the battle of Chickamauga .

In the last battle, September 20, 1863, he was taken prisoner and spent 11 months in that terrible prison at Andersonville. He was in the last squad of men to pass out of the prison. He received a bayonet wound in the hip by a rebel gua rd while at Danville.

Mr. Waters was buried at Gig Harbor, June 29. Four old soldiers attended the funeral and held services at the grave. He was buried by the side of an old comrade, Miles Hunt, who was formerly a resident of Fremont.

Mr. Waters is survived by his second wife, a stepdaughter, 3 sons, 13 grandchildren, 12 great grandchildren, 2 sisters residing at Reading, Michigan and a number of other relatives.

Editor's footnote: Thaddeus Waters enlisted on August 15, 1862 at Grand Rapids for 3 years at the age of 27. On September 8, 1862, he Joined the Regt. at Rienzy, Miss. He was discharged on June 16, 1865 at Camp Chase.

Peter Edward Race was born June 1, 1834, in Columbia County, New York, and died at his home in Newaygo, February 8, 1921, aged 86 years, 7 months and 8 days.

When a young man, he moved with his parents from Columbia County to Yates County, New York. He was married to Olive J. Phelps, July 3, 1862 and to this union, 10 children were born. In 1864, he answered his country's call and enlisted a t Potter's Center, N.Y. in Co. K. 15th N.Y. Engineers, and served to the end of the war.

In 1866 he moved to Michigan, living in different places, finally settling in Newaygo, and has lived there about 30 years. Mr. Race has been a member of the G.A.R. about 37 years.

He leaves to mourn his loss, his wife; 3 sons, Ernest, Albert, and Frank, of Newaygo; 3 daughters, Mrs. George Leisgang of Grand Rapids, Mrs. D.S. Edwards and Mrs. George Higgins of Newaygo; 14 grandchildren; 8 great grandchildren; 2 br others, Charles of Holland and Walter of Newport, Washington and a host of friends. Funeral services were held at the residence on Thursday afternoon under the auspices of the G.A.R., Rev. F.G. Wright officiating. Those attending from out of town were Mr. and Mrs. George Leisgang of Grand Rapids, Charles Race of Holland, and James Merrill of Thompsonville. The Civil War veterans attending the funeral were J.H. Edwards, John Thompson, George Rockel, James Merrill, H.D. Woodward, S.B. Gibe, P.L. Pickett and James Eisminger.

Gideon Lancaster succumbs after long illness at the age of 79 years and 10 days. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. l.ancaster, born in Bronson, Michigan, February 22, 1846, and passed away at his home in this city, March 3, 1925.

His parents moved to Ashland Center, Michigan, while he was still a young child. He lived there until he grew to young manhood and at the age of 19, enlisted in the Civil War service and served until the close of the war. He was a membe r of the 26th Michigan Infantry, Co. A, and later transferred to the cavalry.

He was united in marriage to Dora Burnt, July 4, 1873, and to this union, eight children were born, two having passed away in infancy.

Mr. & Mrs. Lancaster lived at Brookside for a number of years but have made Fremont their home for the past ten years.

Besides his wife, he is survived by six children: Warren, of Sitka; Mrs. Liddie Siscoe, of Muskegon Heights; George, of Lake City; Mrs. Olive Hammer, of Grand Rapids; Mrs. Nellie Scott, of Bridgeton; Mrs. Kittie Jenning, of Fremont; one brother, William Lancaster of Bridgeton; fifteen grandchildren and three great grandchildren.

The funeral services will be held this afternoon at 2:00 from the Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. H.W. Ellinger, the pastor, officiating. Interment will be in the Maple Grove Cemetery.

William L. Gilbert was residing in Macon County, Missouri when he enlisted as a private and reported for duty July 23, 1861, in Co. B, 22nd Missouri Volunteer Infantry. He transferred to Co. I, 7th Regiment Missouri Volunteer Cavalry in February, 1862. In late May, 1862, he was serving as a guard for Captain Hawk at Waverly, Missouri, and was involved with scouting in late July, 1862.

On August 16, 1862, in an engagement at Lone Jack, Missouri, he was wounded in the neck. He was struck with a bullet or gunshot in the left side of the neck, the ball coming out between the shoulder blades. He was taken to a hospital at Jefferson City. Reporting from furlough December 8, 1862, he received clothing and camping equipment and was paid $24.61. He then moved to Sedalia, Missouri, where he was discharged January 5, 1863.

William Gilbert was born May 20, 1837, about 40 miles east of Nashville, Tennessee, the second son of Larkin Thomas and Mary (Langston) Gilbert. He was described as 5'10" tall with grey eyes and sandy hair and complexion. On November 18 , 1860, in Macon County, Missouri, he married Minerva Ann Mossbarger. At the time of his enlistment, he was a farmer, but that ability was diminished by onethird after he was wounded during the Civil War.

Having fought for the north, he found himself, to quote an adage, `ias popular as a snake in the grass." When he had collected his final lump sum wage from the government, he realized that certain unscrupulous individuals knew about it. He hid a portion of the money so that when the thieves arrived, he was robbed of only a small part of his pay.

After the war, he lived in Vernon County, Missouri, about three miles east of Montevello, close to Cedar County. Cattle drives of Texas longhorn steers passed through the area as well as infamous people, namely members of the Jesse Jame s gang.

In 1879, the Gilberts left Missouri and traveled by wagon to Chicago, William's wife pregnant with their seventh child. Having obtained passage on an old wood burning boat with wood piled on the decks, they arrived in Frankfort and sett led near Bear Lake in Manistee County, the trip taking approximately three weeks. Two surprises that awaited them were white potatoes and Michigan mosquitoes. Disliking the Bear Lake area, William Gilbert decided to move south, perhaps even to return to M issouri, but when he reached Newaygo County, he established residence near Hesperia.

Most of his children remained in the Newaygo County area throughout their lives. They were: Jacob, Larkin, Emogene (Rossiter), Ida (Mansfield), and Charles, who were born prior to moving to Michigan. Myrta (Hauenstine) and Fred were bor n in Michigan. One son, Arthur, died in Missouri.

As was the custom in Hesperia, the war veterans always marched from town to the East Hesperia Cemetery for Memorial Day services. On May 31, 1915, after completing the march, William Gilbert died at his residence on Michigan Avenue. He was 78 years old. He was buried in the East Hesperia Cemetery.

Written by Carol Oxenham

William Shorter was born at Dyersburg, Tennessee, December 25, 1843 and died at the home of Eugene Howe on August 22, 1921, at the age of 77 years, 7 months and 29 days.

He enlisted in March, 1864 in Co. C., 102 U.S. Colored Infantry and served until the end of the war. He lived at Battle Creek and St. Joseph before coming here, and came to Big Prairie in 1871 where he was employed by the late William B arton for about 5 years when he settled on the place now occupied by the Big Prairie Store.

In 1893, he moved on to Section 10, Big Prairie, and has since lived there most of the time. No known relatives are left, but as he was always a kind man and a good neighbor, he leaves a host of friends to mourn his departure.

The funeral services were held yesterday morning at 10:30, Rev. Joe Payne officiating. The remains were laid to rest in Big Prairie Cemetery.

Lucitls W. Pickett, aged 79 years, died late Saturday night at the home of his son, Lauren W. Pickett, in Ashland. He had failed perceptibly a few weeks prior to his death, and before that, suffered a general breakdown after a partial s troke of paralysis.

Mr. Pickett was born in Onondaga County, N.Y. August 23, 1835. His parents brought him to Eaton County, this state, in 1842, and in 1853, he cast his lot in Casnovia, where he engaged in farming. His marriage occurred January 1, 1860, t he bride being Miss Maria S. Walkley of Casnovia. The young man enlisted in the Union Army, August 12, 18fi1, going out with the 2nd Michigan Cavalry, Company E, directly to the front and joining the Army of the Cumberland. While doing patrol duty near Fr anklin, Tennessee, Mr. Pickett was wounded in the right arm. This led to his losing his whole arm and necessitated his return home. He received an honorable discharge Augtlst 9, 1862. In 1871 he established himself and family on 160 acres of land in Neway go County, and eventually called this village his home and lived here a number of years, a good citizen, neighbor rind family man.

The widow survives Mr. Pickett, and he leaves two daughters: Mrs. Myron Thomas of Casnovia; and Mrs. Bert Cope of Fort Wayne, Indiana; also one son, Lauren W. Pickett of Ashland. Lafayette Pickett and Peres Pickett of Casnovia and Neway go Lakes, respectively, are brothers of the deceased. Three widowed sisters: Mrs. Celesta Woodward of Grand Rapids; Mrs. Mary F. Leach of Muskegon; and Mrs. Celia Winn of Eaton Rapids, survive their brother, Mrs. Win being 84 years of age.

Mr. Pickett was a member of the Odd Fellow lodge and of the Grange. The funeral services were nevertheless simply conducted by the pastor in the North Casnovia Church, two miles from Bailey, the funeral being held at 2:30 Tuesday aftern oon.

Those from Newaygo attending the funeral were Peres M. Pickett, Mr. & Mrs. George Burns, Mr. &. Mrs. Ed Pickett, Mr. &. Mrs. Roy Pickett, Mrs. M.M. Mclutyre, Mrs. J.W. Maynard, S.D. Bonner, Joseph Butler, and D.D. Joslin .

Lucius Pickett - Enlisted at Grand Rapids for three years at the age of 24. Peres Pickett- Enlisted in Co. D, 1st Michigan Infantry on July 15, 1862, for three years at the age of 18. On February 7, 1862, he was discharged for di sability. On August 12, 1862, he re-enlisted at Grand Rapids for three years, and on June 21, 1865, he was discharged

Alden H. Westgate, farmer, Section 19, Big Prairie Township was born in Middleboro, Massachusetts, February 9, 1823. He was the son of Obed and Hannah (Hall) Westgate, both of whom were natives of Massachusetts. Alden's paternal gra ndparents were Jonathon and Hannah (Gammons) Westgate and his maternal grandparents were Luke and Elizabeth (Westgate) Hall.

As a young man, Alden was struck by wanderlust and shipped as a sailor on a whaling vessel going out of New Bedford. While in that service, he doubled the horn four times and also visited most of the islands of the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea.

On January 31, 1847, Alden married Phebe N. Pratt of South Middleboro, Massachusetts. She was the daughter of Arvin N. and Icy B. (Nye) Pratt. From this marriage, they were blessed with seven children, the first two having been born in Massachusetts and the rest born in Big Prairie, Newaygo County, where they settled in 1852. The names of the children were Alden Franklin, Oscar F., Edgar Warren, Morena, Arvin, Lillian and Charles E.

After becoming a widower, Alden married again on June 13, 1867 to Mary E. Seeley, daughter of Alexander Munson and Harriet E. (Moon) Seeley who settled in Big Prairie by 1854. From this marriage, two children were born who lived to matu rity. Their names were Alexander Obed and George Wesley (see picture).

Alden Westgate was a veteran of the Civil War. He served as a private in Battery A in the First Regiment of Michigan Light Artillery, commanded by Captain Wilbur. Due to hardships and exposure suffered at Chattanooga, Tennessee in June of 1865, his left leg became diseased making it necessary for him to walk with the aid of a cane for the rest of his life. He also suffered with dysentery, an affliction common to veterans of the Civil War.

Alden died in Big Prairie, April 19, 1906. He was buried in the Big Prairie Cemetery on the 22nd following services at the Union Church which was crowded to the doors with friends, neighbors and family all anxious to pay their last resp ects.

During a lifetime spanning 93 years Fred Nay, pioneer farmer and Civil War veteran, distinguished himself in an unusual manner. He was "first" in many things - and also "last."

Nay was the first rural mail carrier around Fremont, owned the first thrashing machine locally, and was the first engineer of the first electric light plant in Fremont. He was the last survivor of the Civil War in this area, and the las t commander of the local GAR post.

Nay was born in Vermont in 1847, moved to Middlebury, Indiana, where at the age of 17 he enlisted in the 152nd Indiana Regiment serving in the Civil War. Three years after his discharge, in 1868, he came to Fremont, married Miss Harriet Smithers, and settled on a farm in Dayton Township.

It was during the next 20 years, before he moved into town in 1887 that Nay owned and operated the first thrashing machine in this locality. It was a horse powered affair, the horse walking around the machine, turning gears which drove the thrashing mechanism. Later he purchased a steam driven thrasher.

When Fremont's first electric light generating plant was built, during the 1890's, Nay took over duties as stationary engineer. The plant operated in conjunction with the flour mill, the one still at North Merchant and the railroad trac ks, whose steam power plant Nay also supervised.

In 1901 Nay was appointed the first rural mail carrier operating out of Fremont. In fact, he was one of the first two men in the United States to inaugurate this service, the Rural Free Delivery, as it came to be called. It was an exper imental venture by the Post Office Department in Washington. The other mailman started at Niles, Michigan, at the same time.

It was an arduous job, six days a week, and often Nay wouldn't get home at night till ten or eleven o'clock. He made the rounds of the rural roads for three years at a salary of $500 a year, with no extra money for expenses. He h ad to furnish buggy and team and feed.

Nay was treasurer of Dayton Township for a number of years.

As a charter member of the local Henry Dobson Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and a lifelong member, Nay was actively interested in veteran affairs, being especially zealous in caring for veteran graves in area cemeteries, and decorating them for Memorial Day rites.

For several years before his death in 1940, Nay was the lone survivor of the Civil War in this community. As the last commander of the local GAR post, it was his sad duty to "close the books" on this organization which for 60 yea rs had knit together the "Boys in Blue," and to send the post records to Lansing for safekeeping.

Fred Nay died April 5, 1940, and was buried in Maple Grove Cemetery.

Of the six children born to Mr. and Mrs. Nay, two survive: Mrs. Cassie Vandenbeldt of this city, and Mrs. Nellie Jacokes of Grand Rapids.

John T. Thompson was born in Bainbridge, N.Y., July 27,1834 and died March 13,1923, aged 88 years, 7 months and 16 days.

Mr. Thompson was married to Miss Sarah Morenus in 1855 and came to Michigan in 1856. His wife died in 1860 leaving an infant daughter.

He was a veteran of the Civil War, having enlisted in Co. H. Michigan Engineers and served until discharged for disability.

In 1874 he was married to Mrs. Ann Groyer, who still survives. Besides the widow he leaves one daughter, Mrs. C. H. McGregor, four brothers, Henry, Edwin, Curtis and James, two sisters, Mrs. Emma Hillman and Mrs. Kate Main, and several grandchildren.

The funeral services were held at the Baptist Church Saturday afternoon at 1:30, Rev. C. S. Minot officiating, speaking from John 5:29. Mrs. Minot sang, "Does Jesus Care," and "Hiding in Thee."

The few remaining Civil War veterans were present and accompanied the body of their comrade to the grave, where they performed the customary rites in the presence of the immediate relatives and friends.

Mark Barton was born in Cook County, Illinois, August 14,1844, and died in White Cloud September 10, 1925, aged 81 years and 25 days.

He was the son of Judge James and Reliance Barton, who moved to Big Prairie when Mark was five years old. He spent his time on the farm and in the lumber woods. December 16, 1864 he was married to Martha Krusin and the following March h e enlisted in Co. F Fifteenth Michigan Infantry and was discharged September 9, 1865, and returned to Big Prairie.

They settled on a farm where they made their home until 1906, when they sold out and bought a farm in Croton Township, where they were living when they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary.

One child, Albert, was born May 8, 1868. He went to California just before the great earthquake in San Francisco.

In 1915 they sold their farm in Croton and located in Howard City where Mrs. Barton's health failed and on Christmas 1917 she passed to her reward. Later he sold the home in Howard City and located in White Cloud. On June 12, 1819 he wa s married to Mrs. Ida Cram of Hesperia, who survives him and who has endeared herself to all by her faithful and conscientious care of him through extreme age and trying sickness.

Of the three brothers and three sisters, only George Barton of Big Prairie, the youngest of the family, remains.

The funeral service conducted by Rev. D. Truman, was held last Sunday afternoon at the Union Church in Big Prairie and burial was in the adjacent cemetery.

He was born February 19, 1838, in Davenport, Delaware County, N.Y., one of ten boys and two girls, children of John and Belinda (Fuller) Douglass. His grandfather, James Douglass, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. His father died in 1853, and young Joseph came to Michigan with his mother and younger brothers, settling south of Fremont in Newaygo County. On August 11, 1862, he enlisted in Co. A, 6th Michigan Cavalry, at Grand Rapids. He was mustered August 28. He was with Custer ne ar Gettysburg in 1863, and was taken prisoner at Trevillian Station, Virgina, June 11, 1864, and confined to Andersonville and Miller Prisons in Georgia. He was paroled in February, 1865. (Military record says, "Released in January, 1865.") He was dischar ged at Camp Chase, Ohio, June 29, 1865.

A letter, written to Martha Matilda Nellis, during his military career, dated April 27, 1863, has been preserved by his descendants:

In 1877, Joseph and his family went to Harlan County, Iowa, where in 1879, William A. was born. They returned to Newaygo County in 1884, and made their home at Bridgeton, on the Muskegon River. Joseph engaged in farming during most of h is adult life. During the late '80's, he spent winters near Luther, Michigan, working in the lumbering industry. He died at his home in Bridgeton on February 15, 1891. Both he and his wife, who died in 1894, are buried in Ashland Cemetery, west of Grant.< /P>

Joseph - had two other brothers in the service: Franklin, who enlisted September 1, 1864 in Co. A, 21 st Michigan Infantry (no further record), and another we have not been able to identify. A 5th brother, William, was drafted by t refused to go.

CHARLES

Hesperia, Jan. 22 - (Special) Charles Robbins, 89 years old, Civil War veteran and one of the first residents of Hesperia, died at his home here Saturday.

Mr. Robbins, who had been extremely active until recently, was fond of recalling the huge forests which covered this region when he first arrived, shortly after the Civil War. He aided in land clearing and wood cutting and watched the s teady growth of the community from lumbering to agricultural pursuits.

He was born April 19, 1844, on a mountain farm in Pennsylvania. His father, Joseph Josia Robbins, was a veteran of the Mexican War. The father was a strict disciplinarian and Charles ran away from home when he was 13, working as a cabin boy on a canal packetboat for $5 a month.

When the Civil War broke out, both father and son enlisted but the father, because of his age, was not permitted to serve through the entire conflict. Charles enlisted in April, 1861, shortly after Fort Sumter was taken by the Confedera tes, volunteering in Co. I of the 1st Pennsylvania Rifles, a regiment of sharpshooters known as the "Bucktails." Charles carried his old squirrel rifle into action with him until breechloaders were issued the company later.

Mr. Robbins took part in the fights at Romney Creek and at Piedmont in Virginia, where a bullet clipped off the top of his ear. The Bucktails were constantly used as skirmishers and were always on the move, taking part in many brush es with guerrillas. In one battle, at Dranesville, Mr. Robbins found himself stationed as a sharpshooter at the home of an uncle of his mother.

He was slashed in the hand at Catlett's Station when rebels surprised the Union camp. He escaped unscathed through hard fighting at Antietam but went to the hospital a few days later with smallpox. On return to service, he took part in the battle of Fredericksburg and was in the group cut off in the railroad gap. He tried to escape to the opposite side of the valley but fell into a walled up- canal which he was unable to clear with a jump. Federal gunboats in the river prevented the Con federates from capturing him and he escaped.

He took part in the repulse of the terrific Confederate charge which climaxed the battle of Gettysburg. In pursuing the fleeing enemy he was struck by a bullet which went through his diary and a tintype and lodged against a rib. He reca lled crouching down behind a pile of rubbish and believed a shell must have exploded at that instant for when he woke, he was in a hospital five miles away with his left leg broken.

He saw the siege of Petersburg in 1864, following seven months in the hospital. In 1865 he was mustered out of the service.

He went back to Pennsylvania following his discharge and there married Miss Viola Peck. They came to Michigan, landing at Pentwater and coming overland through Randall's Corners, south of Hart, to Hesperia, where an aunt lived near Martin's Lake in Newaygo County.

Only one family lived at Hesperia then, the Hoskins, and they soon moved away. Mr. Robbins helped build the first log store here, owned by Dr. Dayton and Champlin, on the north side of the river. Later "Uncle" Daniel Weaver built the st ore owned by Mr. Wright.

After working for a time in Hesperia, Mr. Robbins moved west in 1872 but later returned to Hesperia to live. Mrs. Robbins died in 1918. In 1921 Mr. Robbins married the widow of his brother, Mrs. Frank Robbins, who survives him. Two sons , Bert and Edd of St. Petersburg, FL, also survive, and a daughter, Mrs. Lincoln Drake of Fremont.

The funeral will be held Tuesday at 2 p.m. from the home with Rev. William Paulson of the Hesperia M. E. Church in charge. Burial will be in East Cemetery.

Death of Mr. Robbins leaves only three Civil War veterans surviving here: James McConnell 93, Hiram Smith 90, and Henrv Waterman 87.

Reuben Wilson was born in Madison County, New York on August 1, 1834. Shortly after that the family moved to Ohio and when the Civil War started he volunteered in the infantry. He served in the 29th Ohio Infantry, Company 1. Most of his time he served as a male nurse in a hospital near Indianapolis, Indiana.

When the war was over he moved with his parents to Michigan where he married Ann Bradley in Newaygo County. They lived in Grand Rapids, Muskegon and then after Ann's death he came back to Bridgeton, in Newaygo County, where he li ved until his death on April 17, 1910. At that time he was receiving a pension of $6.00 per month because of injuries to his legs while in service.

Reuben and Ann had fourteen children and one of them, Albert, was my grandfather. He is buried on lot 329, at Ashland Center Cemetery.

By Carmen Carter

The Wolverine State was the place of nativity for Harvey K. Seeley, as he was born in Otisco Township, Ionia County, Michigan in the year of 1846. He was the fourth in order of birth of the five children born to Alexander Munson and Harriet E. (Moon) Seeley. The father of our subject was born in Franklin County, Vermont on the 29th of January, 1815 and remained there until he became seventeen years of age. At that time, he moved with his parents to Parma, Monroe County, New Y ork. Alexander Seeley had a true pioneer spirit, however, and as soon as he reached the legal age he struck out for the territory of Michigan and settled in Jackson County where he resided for two years. He was moved again by his pioneer spirit and purcha sed 160 acres in Otisco, Louisa County, Michigan. He was among the very first to settle there and the land was only accessible by river or Indian trail. He pitched his tent upon a creek near where Smyrna now stands. The creek was named Seeley Creek by lat er neighbors who remembered this young hunter camped upon the creek while pursuing the chase in the bordering forests. Alexander married Harriet Moon in Jackson County on the 31st of August, 1836. They made their home in Otisco, lonia County until 1854 wh en they sold their property and again settled on 160 acres of land in its natural state in Big Prairie, Newaygo County, Michigan. Here they put down their roots and remained for the rest of their lives. Alexander farmed 80 acres of his land and also was J ustice of the Peace of Big Prairie Township for over 20 years. The children born to them were Almeron S. who married Marena V. Pratt, Mary E. who married Alden H. Westgate, Truman C., Harvey K., and Clarrissa E., who married Charles Welch.

Harvey K. Seeley, the subject of our sketch, was a dark haired, dark eyed youth of sixteen when he felt compelled to answer the call to arms. He enrolled in Grand Rapids on the 1st of October, 1862 and was mustered in by the 11th of Oct ober. He enlisted in Company B, Sixth Michigan Cavalry, with which he continued in active service until capture and death mustered him out. Our subject participated in many of the important battles which contributed toward the victory of the Union. He was ever found at the post of duty except for the time between the 10th of October and the 9th of November, 1863 which found him in the Cavalry Corps Hospital recovering from illness and exposure. Despite the many hardships which he suffered, the tone of his letters to his mother was always optimistic.

He fought his last battle at Trevilian Station, Virginia where his Regiment was in action for three days in June of 1864. On the 7th, Sheridan was sent with about 8,000 cavalrymen to injure Lee's lines of supply by breaking up the Virgi nia Central Railroad and the James River Canal and also, to draw off the Southern Cavalry during Grant's movement forward following his unsuccessful attempt to take the Confederates at Cold Harbor by direct assault. By June 11th, Sheridan's command was in the vicinity of Trevilian Station where the enemy commanded by Hampton was encountered. Meanwhile Gregg attacked Fitzhugh Lee, causing the entire opposing cavalry to retreat. At the same time, Custer took a wooded road around the right of Hampton and end eavored to reach Trevilian Station where he captured Confederate wagons, caissons and horses. After three days of fighting and doing great damage to the railroad, Sheridan's forces withdrew and rejoined General Grant. The price paid for this Union victory was 102 dead, 470 wounded and 435 missing in action. Our subject was one of the 435 soldiers listed as missing in action.

Harvey K. Seeley was captured on the 11th of June, 1864 at Trevilian Station. He was confined at Richmond, Virginia on the 20th and sent to Andersonville, Georgia on the 22nd. Much has been written about the horrors of this rebel prison so it will not surprise the reader to learn that this young soldier, eighteen years old, died of starvation on the 15th of November, 1864, a prisoner of war.

Oliver Buckingham, Fremont's last Civil War veteran who served with Sherman on his march to Atlanta and saw the surrender of General Robert E. Lee to General Grant, died yesterday at the home of his grandson, Marvin Van Buskirk, 101 Mon trose Street, Grand Rapids. He was the last member of Henry Dobson G.A.R. Post here.

When Mister Buckingham was born on April 23, 1847, his father was serving in the Mexican war then existing. His father died when he was four years old, his mother passing away 11 years later and Mister Buckingham was left to shift f or himself at the age of 15. He went to the Pennsylvania oil fields at the age of 17 and enlisted in Company E, Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry. During the war service, he served under Generals Sherman and Grant. He fought in the Battle of the Wilderness and h eard the conversation between General Lee and Grant at Appomattox which virtually ended the war.

After his discharge at Richmond, he enlisted in the Navy at Brooklyn and after a year sailed on the U.S.S. Delaware on a world cruise and upon his return was given his discharge. He came to Michigan in 1870 and settled in Grand Rapids w here he lived for 27 years and was employed in the Grand Rapids Wagon Works. In 1897 he came to Fremont where he had resided since.

In 1884 Mister Buckingham married Miss Margaret Burroughs who died shortly afterwards. In 1897, he married Miss Mary Washburn. Surviving is a daughter, Mrs. Ruth Van Buskirk of Grand Rapids; a son, Julius of Detroit; a step-daughter, Mr s. Blanch Giles of Florida and the grandson at whose home he died.

Funeral services will be held at the Van Strien Chapel in Grand Rapids at 3:30 Friday with interment in Fairplains Cemetery.

Petosky, April 16 - William R. Montgomery, prominent member of the G.A.R., and for many years justice of the peace in Petoskey, died unexpectedly at his home here Friday. He was 78 years old and had been a resident of Petoskey since 1901.

Mr. Montgomery was a life member of Newaygo Lodge No. 131, F.&A.M., at Newaygo, where he grew to manhood.

He was born at Hamilton Ont., and came to Michigan at the age of 12. He left school to enlist in Company A, 10th Michigan Cavalry in the Civil War. He was discharged at Knoxville, Tenn., June 2, 1865.

Oct. 5, 1884, he married Mrs. Ella J. Hersey at Big Rapids and in 1901 they moved to Petoskey from Ashland, Wisconsin. For years Mr. Montgomery was engaged in the paper hanging, decorating and sign painting business.

He served as justice of the peace until last year, when ill health forced him to resign.

Besides the widow, he is survived by two sons, Fred W. Montgomery of Cedar Springs, lowa and Gilbert H. Montgomery of Battle Creek, and two daughters, Miss Ethel M. Montgomery of Detroit and Mrs. Charles R. Bledsoe of Petoskey.

Funeral services will be held Tuesday afternoon.

It is with some regret, that we try to piece together the life of a dedicated Union soldier after so many years. We wish fervently that we could ask countless questions of our parents and beyond.

In the family strong-box lay the small pack of letters handed down through the generations. James Baker writing home, often in lonely times, telling us today that he was an intelligent and observing soldier.

For the first time this year of 1983, we took on the project of carefully reading and analyzing the 18 letters that he had sent home. They covered a period of one year, from September 6, 1861 to September 10, 1862. We plot on a map the camps, the towns, and the battles that he tells about. We can deduct that his military activities took place in eastern Tennessee, and rang ed from Sommerset, Kentucky to Florence, Alabama. His letters were mailed to his father, Nathan Baker, LaGrange, Lo rain County, Ohio.

He tells of how proud he was to be in Capt. Standart's battery of artillery, under Lt. Syphers. He mentions their newly acquired equipment, six each of brass rifled cannons, with six ammunition wagons and one blacksmith wagon. He writes of serving under Generals Thomas, McCook and Negley.

He was actively involved in the Battle of Mill Spring. A copy of his letter pertaining to this battle is reproduced in this publication along with a photo of the personal scissors of Confederate General F.K. Zollicoffer who was killed i n the battle. The scissors were sent home and have been saved with the letters.

General Felix K. Zollicoffer Brigadier-General Mill Springs, January 19, 1862

He expressed regret in missing some of the battles. This quote is from his letter from Columbia, Tennessee of April Z4, 1862. "General Negley's brigade was left here as a guard and that is the reason we were not in that bloody fight and share (sic) the honors of the glorious victory at at Pittsburg Landing (Shiloh)."

His letters end September 10, 1862 from a convalescent camp at Nashville, with this quote, "I was sick for a month, getting better now. Expect to join the battery soon. They may have gone to Kentucky."

From what we understand, he was never heard from again. We can deduct that he was killed in a major battle, or in a small scirmish, and there were many. He would have been accounted for if he was sent north into Kentucky. Then he wo uld have been aligned perfectly for Perryville and the Battle of Chaplin Hills, October 8, 1862. There, an enemy force of at least 55,000 was engaged, leaving thousands dead and missing on both sides.

James Baker's legacy to us is a small pair of scissors, a handful of letters, and a strong desire to travel to Perryville, Kentucky.

Some of James Baker's family moved to Newaygo County after the war. His little brother and sister, Dolph and Sarah Baker, became at one time, the oldest living twins in Michigan. Dolph Baker was well known in the northern mills as a saw -fitter, and Sarah Baker Train was my wife Barbara's great grandmother.

See letter from James Baker following.

Written by Harley and Barbara Stroven.

Scissors sent with letter

LETTER WRITTEN BY

JAMES BAKER TO

HIS FATHER

We got up the next morning (Sunday the 13th) tired and sore. The rain was still coming down in torrents. Just as we were getting ready for breakfast, the report of musketry was heard and the next was the long roll from the 10th I nd. and then the order, "Drivers, hitch up cannoneers to your post. " The 10th Ind. were the first on the field and we were next We had had three batteries and about 8,000 infantry. There was a continued rattle of musketry and the boom of artilery for thr ee hours. The fight was in the woods and artilery could not do much. After the fight had continued about two hours, the 9 Ohio and the 2nd Minasota advanced into the woods on the right, where the fight was then the hottest The enemy had around Taft Hill and our men were in the gully but old McCook ordered his men to advance on them withfixed bayonet and loaded guns. They charged up the hill against the Mississippi Tigers, who were behind a fence. They shoved their bayonets through the fence when th e devils up and used their legs. Then the old Dutchman gave the order, fire, and the rebels fell like grass before the wind and the victory was ours. Old Col lay dead on the field. We did not believe at first that it was Zolicoffer but letters proved it w as him.

The next morning, the 14th Ohio advanced under cover of our guns and found their camp entirely deserted. We advanced and took possession of their winter quarters on this side of the river and began to shell them on the other, but soon discovered that they were gone. I have heard of soldiers plundering an enemies camp, but now I know what it means. We, the artilery, took the center, the infantry the right and left wings, and in we went like a swarm of hornets, taking everything be fore us. We have annihilated an entire army, captured their camp, 14 pieces of artilery, a considerate amount of amunition, 125 wagons loaded with bagage and about 1500 horses and mules. Their army can never be collected again. They have talked about star ving them out, but when we came to see their hogsheads of sugar and molasses, the bags of flour and meal, the piles of corn and bores of tobacco, we knew they were not starving. We have taken some of the nicest clothing I ever saw, broadcloth coats worth from five to twenty dollars a piece. I got a satin vest worth five dollars, a shirt worth a dollar and a half, and a silverhandled stiletto, besides a number of other things. The amount number of killed and wounded I have not ascertained.

Nelson E. Root, of New England ancestry, was born the 25th of October, 1837 in Trumbull County, Ohio. His father was a physician, as was his father before him. Our subject settled in Berrien County, Michigan at a young age where he married Catherine Peck on the 31st of December, 1857. Out of the four children born to them, three of them lived to maturity, the youngest born in Newaygo County but a month and a half before the death of his father.

Nelson Root enlisted on the 13th of July, 1863, at Brooks, Newaygo County, Michigan as a member of Co. A, 1oth Michigan Volunteer Cavalry under Capt. John H. Standish. He was mustered into the service as a private on the 8th of Septembe r, 1863 at Grand Rapids, Michigan. The regiment left its rendezvous on the 1st of December in command of Col. Thaddeus Foote, under orders to proceed to the field in Kentucky.

January found our subject in the hospital at Camp Nelson, Kentucky, where it was reported that soldiers were freezing due to lack of wood for the stoves. His brother, Dr. Anson L. Root, went south to care for him but found on his arriva l that he had died nine days previously. The death of our subject occured on the 1st of March, 1M64, of typhoid fever, just one of the many young men who gave his life for his country.

John M. Lewis, who has been a resident of Fremont for the past fourteen years, passed away at his suburban home north of the city Tuesday morning after a few days illness. He would have been 73 years old the 6th of November.

Mr. Lewis was born in Johnson County, Indiana, November 6, 1845, the son of Andrew and Elizabeth Lewis. Later he went to Illinois and was educated in the high school at Urbana.

He was a veteran of the Civil War, a member of Co. I, 26 IL Vol. Inf., serving 19 months. He was with Gen. Sherman on his triumphant march to the sea.

Mr. Lewis married Miss Fannie Rice in 1873 and to them were born three sons: Lynn, who died in infancy, Ralph R. Lewis, now in the service of his country in France, and Stanley M. Lewis of Detroit. Mrs. Lewis also survives.

Mr. and Mrs. Lewis came to Fremont from Urbana 14 years ago and have won a wide circle of friends during their residence here. Shortly after coming to this city Mr. Lewis became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

A brief service was held at the home yesterday afternoon at four o'clock, Rev. J. Wesley Esveld, pastor of the M.E. Church, officiating. The body will be taken to Urbana for interment.

Taps were sounded for another of Newaygo's few remaining Civil War veterans Wednesday of last week, February 1, when death came to James Eisminger, following an Illness of approximately three years.

James Eisminger was born December 24, 1841, in Green County, Pennsylvania, in which state most of his life was spent. He wore the Union blue throughout the Civil War, at the close of which he returned to his home state, where he was mar ried July 7, 1888, to Miss Emma Zimmerman. Mr. and Mrs. Eisminger came to Newaygo in April, 1912, and this village has since been their home. Besides the aged widow, Mr. Eisminger is survived by one daughter, Mrs. Mary Beeler of Amarillo, Texas.

Kindly and courteous always, never complaining of the suffering which was his lot for several years previous to his passing, Mr. Eisminger had many friends who will miss his presence here.

Funeral services, conducted by Rev. James Leitch and under the auspices of the American Legion, were held Friday. Local members of the post acted as pall bearers and a squad composed of Fremont members fired a volley at the grave. Buria l was in Newav~o Cemeterv.

Edwin O. Shaw, for 44 years publisher of this paper, The Newaygo Republican, died at his home in this village at 10:30 p.m. Saturday evening, January 4, having been confined to his bed for some six weeks from a complication of di seases. The funeral was held in the opera house at 11:00 yesterday, with Masonic rites, and the remains were laid to rest in the Newaygo Cemetery.

Edwin O. Shaw was born in Edwardsburg, Cass County, Michigan, July 21, 1846, where he received his elementary education in the common schools of that village, and at the age of 13 years he began to learn the printer's trade. In July, 18 67, he established the Montcalm Herald, at Stanton. Fourteen months later he sold his plant in Stanton and came to Newaygo, purchasing The Republican of E.L. Gray. James H. Maze was the follllder of the paper, establishing it in 1856, and the paper has be en published, once a week, during all the succeeding years, up to and including the present issue.

Mr. Shaw, with the exception of two terms, four years each, was postmaster of Newaygo village since 1871, until the present incumbent was appointed, some two and a half years ago. He has filled many positions of trust, having been Presi dent of the village, Supervisor of Garfield Township, Justice of the Peace several terms, County Superintendent of the Poor, President of the School Board, Chairman of the Newaygo County Republican Committee, a member of the State Central Committee from t he 9th Congressional District, and a member of the Michigan Constitutional Convention; he had also been delegate to many County, State and National Conventiolls.

In 1895 Mr. Shaw was elected State Senator from this district, and while in Lansing, he was the author of two bills of imporlance; being the one to introduce the ·`anti-fusion" act, also the bill for the establishment of the State Norma l School at Mt. Pleasant. He had since served as a member of the Board of Control, Michigan Soldiers' Home, was Justice of the Peace, Garfield Township, at the time of his death, also president of the school board, and had, in November, been elected Circu it Court Commissioner.

Mr. Shaw had long been a member of the Masonic and I.O.O.F. lodges and was also a member of the local G.A.R., having served in the Civil War as a private and corporal in Co. H. 30th Mich. Volunteer Infantry, also in an Indiana Regiment. He was, without a doubt, the most public spirited citizen that Newaygo has ever known, ever being ready and willing to enter any and every project for the benefit of the little village which so long had been his home. His strong fights for Newaygo are to o well known to require lengthy comment at this time. He was a staunch Republican all of his life and played a prominent part in the politics of Newaygo County and the state, and enjoyed a statewide acquaintance.

Mr. Shaw was, earlier in his life, an active and energetic man, both mentally and physically, giving liberally of his time and labor for the up building of Newaygo, but during the last few years he had been gradually failing, as those w ho were nearest to him well knew.

Having lived according to the light he had - and who shall judge that light but a just God, before whom we must all pass we bid farewell to him who has been so prominent in the affairs of our village. However, no good action and no good example die. He who performs the action or acts the example dies and molders away so far as his physical frame is concerned, but the good he does lives on to enrich humanity from one generation to another. Therefore, here on earth, to say nothing of the beyond, such a man gains immortality.

Because of the large congregation of sympathizing friends, it was deemed advisable to hold the funeral services in the opera house. Services were conducted by Rev. C. VanCamp, of the M. E. Church, after which the Knights Templar of Big Rapids took charge and the grand and beautiful ritual of that order was decidedly impressive. Owing to the inclemency of the weather, the usual service at the grave was conducted in the opera house, after which the remains were tenderly conveyed to their last resting place in the Newaygo Cemetery.

The profusion of beautiful and fragrant flowers and the large attendance of lodge brothers, relatives and friends bore evidence of the esteem to which Mr. Shaw was held.

The immediate relatives who survive are the widow, a brother, Charles D. of New York City, another brother, William A. Of Grand Rapids, and a sister, Mrs. Clara J. Haney of Mishawaka, Indiana.

Hesperia, Sept: 7 - (Special) -Henry Edward Waterman, 87 years old, Civil War veteran who also saw two years' service in Montana and Wyoming guarding the wagon trains of immigrants in their historic trek to the Pacific Northwest, di ed at his home here yesterday following illness of several months.

A native of New York State, Mr. Waterman came to Michigan with his parents in the spring of 1869, following his discharge from the army, and he was one of the oldest settlers in this community. He knew the work of the pioneer lumbermen, having served several months rafting logs on the Muskegon River near Newaygo. He had made his home in Hesperia since 1869, with exception of three years when he lived in Kendalville, IN, in the '70s. He found Michigan more to his liking and returned.

The funeral will be held at 2 p.m. Sunday at the Presbyterian Church, with Rev. John Chase, the pastor in charge. Burial will be in Hesperia.

Mr. Waterman is survived by five sons, Ray of Edgecomb, WA, Mose of Arlington, WA, Levi of Tampa, FL, Lafe of Hudsonville and Leslie of Hesperia; 11 grandchildren; and one sister, Mrs. Celia Clark of Grand Rapids. His wife died three ye ars ago.

Mr. Waterman was born in March of 1848, in Brownville Township, Jefferson County, in western New York, not far from the Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence River, which he had visited several times. His father, Joseph Waterman, was a f armer who served in the New York State Militia as a drummer.

His ancestors had been in this country from the time of its founding and one of them, Lieut. John Waterman, served under George Washington and has a handsome ???? erected to his memory in Valley Forge. Mr. Waterman's mother's father was a soldier in the War of 1812.

Mr. Waterman enlisted in Company C, 186th New York Volunteer Infantry Aug. 29, 1864, when he was 16 years old, but was transferred to Company I of the same regiment in time to take part in the battle of Hatcher's Run. His company covere d the retreat of the Union forces as they were driven from the battlefield by the Confederates.

Mr. Waterman was married to Miss Arina Fike, of Sturgis, in 1871, whose acquaintance he had made while she was visiting in Hesperia. They had six children, of whom four are living. After the death of his first wife, he married Mrs. Anna Stacia Daly of Hesperia, with whom he had lived about 45 years previous to her death. Leslie Waterman, who had taken care of his father in his declining years, is a son by the second marriage.

The veteran was a member of John A. Dix Post No. 9, of the G.A.R., of which only one member now survives. He was also an honorary member of Sergeant Bowman Post 2053 of the V.F.W. of White Cloud and a member of the Presbyterian Church.< /P>

During the first winter, Mr. Waterman took part in two raids behind the rebel lines for the purpose of tearing up the railroad to Petersburg, VA. Our ing fighting when the union army took Petersburg, Mr. Waterman was wounded above the r ight eye by buckshot which affected his vision in later life. In his old age, a cataract obscured the vision in the other eye, and he could barely see to get about his home and walk to the business district.

At the close of the war, he was present for the grand review of the army of the Potomac with Sherman's army at Washington. Mr. Waterman re-enlisted in 1867 and served in the Northwest. While there, he saw Sitting Bull, the famous Indian chief, and talked with him once. At the time, the Chief was friendly with the whites, but 10 years later went on the war path and destroyed General Custer's army in the battle of the Little Big Horn.

Following Missive was written to Wm. S. Utley in 1862 following battle in which the writer par ticipated.

We take pleasure in publishing the following letter which will be of interest to the veteran of the war and also the older residents of Dayton. The letter was written by J.F. Doud, who formerly owned the farm now owned by Wm. Leonard. T he Doud School is named after the gentleman who wrote the letter from the battle field in 1862. Mr. Doud died a few years ago in the state of Washington.

The first battle we had was on luridly, the 22nd. We had all the forenoon and they did not even halt us, but marched us to the right flank where we held our position for more than two hours when the rebels broke our line on the left and a regiment, the New Jersey, I think, gave way and retreated in our rear and began to fire among our regiment. We had to stand crop fire from our men and the rebels, our men doing us mere damage than the enemy. This we could not stand, so we fell back whe n General Kearney's brigade made a charge and drove the enemy back. This ended the battle Friday on the right wing. Saturday morning we were formed in a line of battle again and marched once more for the enemy, where our skirmishers soon found some of them up in the trees where they would wait until some of our men would come in sight when they were pretty sure to be killed or wounded badly.

We marched about four miles from Centerville, when we were again formed in a line of battle and soon we were among the gray coats again. We commenced this engagement about 5 p.m. and it lasted until dark through one of the hardes t thunder showers we have had. The men were tired but they did welt They drove the rebels off the field and held possession until 3 a.m. when we left our dead and a good many of the wounded.

Our regiment lost over one hundred men in the three battles we had, nine wounded, three killed and one taken prisoner of our company. Clark Hall was killed, he was the only man of our company who was killed that you knew. The 3rd Regime nt was cut up badly in the fight on Friday. Frank Gooch was wounded in the thigh and Horatio Barnhard of Dayton was killed, the who were in the fight, came out all right except Sgt. Dickinson. I asked some of the boys where he was and they said they had n ot seen him since just before the fight, when they saw him going toward the hospital and they thought the rebels had got him. They said they hoped he had for he was always sick when there was any prospect of a fight. I guess he would do better taking likenesses than he does soldiering.

Oh, Sid, I almost forgot to tell you that Smith Lewis came up to our regiment to see me. He is the same Smith who was in the fight Friday and he said he stood behind a stump and fired five shots and he thought he hit some of them. That is five more than I gave them. Probably he hit more than I did but they were as close as I ever want them to come.

From - John F. Doud, enlisted in Co. F. 8th Michigan Infantry on September 16, 1861 at Prairieville. Mustered out July 30, 1865.

To be the only veteran of the Mexican War in the United States Soldiers' Home, Washington, D.C., is the distinction belonging to William Harman, a fine old gentleman of ninety-one years of age. A man does not live fourscore and ten years, and then some, without having had many rich experiences. Harman has had his, and what is more, he still possesses a vigorous intellect and the ability to relate those experiences.

He was born in the town of Tarbert, County Kerry, Ireland, on January 2, 1831, and came to America when he was about twelve years of age. His father's people were of German extraction while those of his mother were English. This, couple d with his touch of Irish, made him a good candidate for American citizenship.

On October 20, 1847, Harman enlisted for the Mexican War. He was assigned to the Eleventh Infantry and was sent to Governors Island. There he was soon promoted to corporal. Upon being promoted to corporal he called at the commanding off icer's headquarters and advised the colonel that he did not wish to be a corporal. The colonel, very much surprised, wished to know his objections. He told him that if he was made a corporal it would mean that he would have

to stay at Governors Island and help drill recruits, and that he wanted to go to Mexico. The colonel said, "Well, if you feel that way about it, I will send you along next week with a bunch of recruits that are going in the Seventh Infa ntry." So Harman went to Mexico and did his "bit" in helping General Scott to victory.

When the Civil War came, it found Harman a lieutenant on the side of the Union. He tells a very interesting incident that happened during the fighting in Tennessee. Due to the capture of a small force of Confederates by a few Union soldiers under the leadership of Harman, the general appointed him to commend a company of sixty scouts, with headquarters at La Grange. These scouts were picked men and furnished with the best of equipment. The proved very effective in the elimination of guerrilla warfare.

One day when Harman had his company out south of La Grange, he saw a cloud of smoke in the direction of the little village of Ripley. He immediately headed his men toward the town. When they reached the main street, they saw that a whol e business block was on fire. The courthouse was just across the street from the burning block, and had an iron fence around it. Harman commanded his men to tie their horses to the fence and form a line. He called for buckets and put part of his men to wo rk at the courthouse well, passing the buckets along the line to the fire. They soon had the fire under control, when someone shouted, "The rebels are coming."

Immediately the soldiers gave up fire-fighting. Harman saw that they could not escape on their horses, so he ordered his company into the courthouse and locked the doors. He posted his men at the windows. Very soon a Confederate officer approached with a flag of truce. Harman hailed him and asked what he wanted. The demand came to surrender. Harman refused and told the officer that his men were ready to defend themselves.

The officer withdrew and Harman noticed the women of the village draw around him, expostulating and apparently making some very emphatic demands. Very soon the officer again approached with his flag of truce. This time he advised Harman that the women would not let them fight, that they declared the Union scouts had saved the town from destruction, and that he would withdraw his forces from the town for three hours and give the scouts ample time to retreat.

About five years ago Harman wrote to an official in Ripley, and inquired if there were any people living in the town who remembered the incident described. He received a reply to the effect that there were several and that Ripley would be highly pleased to have William Harman return and pay them a visit.

Some years after Harman came to America and was at school in Philadelphia, several of his schoolmates decided to make a trip to New York for the purpose of seeing Barnum's Museum. William went along. There was the mermaid and the big go rilla. William was especially impressed by these two. He felt that the mermaid was a fraud. He did not believe there could be such a creature. As for the gorilla, he kept out of arm's reach of the cage.

However, William was to know more about this particular animal. Greatly interested in the exhibit, he was straggling along behind the crowd, and was the last to start down the steps when he heard his name called, "William!" He turne d around and looked, but could see no one there, so decided that it must have been a trick of the imagination. He again started to leave when clear and strong came the call, "William Harman!" He about faced with a start, and there was a strange sen sation about the roots of his hair when he beheld -a friendly paw protruding from the cage of the gorilla, and that monster began to speak in perfectly human tones.

"William, don't you know me?"

William could not remember having met any person of this description, and if he had stalked through the wilds of Africa, it must have been in his sleep. But the plaintive voice induced him to go nearer. Behold, it was one of his former school fellows in Ireland.

After Harman left the service, he opened up a little store in Kansas. He did very well for a while, but eventually he experienced trouble in obtaining merchandise. One day a man came along with a team of mules and a wagon and offered to trade with Harman. The deal finally resulted in Harman becoming the possessor of the mules and wagon, with enough merchandise to stock the wagon. With this he set out to trade with the Potawatomie Indians. The venture did not prove satisfactory, and he f inally gave it up in disgust.

There was one valley, however, into which he had not gone owing to the dangerous crossing of a river. He finally decided to venture across. He had not gone very far before he came in view of a hut and sitting on a rail fence nearby was a light-haired man with blue eyes. Harman inquired of him what he was doing there, and the man said he was an Indian.

"Well," said Harman, Lyon have not always been an Indian. Where did you come from before you became an Indian?"

"I was born in Ireland," said the sandy-haired one, with a decided Irish brogue.

"In Ireland?" ejaculated William, "and what part of Ireland, may I ask?"

"In County Kerry," was the response.

"County Kerry, and what town?"

"Tarbert," was the answer!

It was his old school fellow.

Here he was out in the wilderness of Kansas, with a fullblooded Indian squaw for a wife, and a bunch of straight-haired, blue-eyed children flocking at his heels.

This was the last that Harman ever saw of his boyhood friend.

Harman describes, as the hardest experience of his life, a night spent in the woods of Tennessee during the Civil War. His regiment was under light marching orders, and they had to ford the Tennessee River. They had no blankets, no tent s, and had to sleep on the cold ground in their wet clothes the whole of the bitter night. They were forbidden to build a fire for fear of attracting the attention of the enemy. This night had an important effect on Harman's future as it resulted in an at tack of rheumatism which afflicted him, more or less, for the remainder of his life. It was finally the cause of the loss of his eyesight.

Since coming to the Soldiers' Home, having experienced the trials of blindness, he has interested himself in the poor blind people of Washington. Harman is not entirely without means himself, and his ingenuity is also a valuable ass et in devising ways and means. One of his injunctions to the writer was: "If you are going to write anything about me, please do not forget to say some good word for the poor blind people of Washington."

He now has a new plan for giving them aid. He is a bit of a musician and author. He wrote a splendid World War song, "The Starry Banner." It was set to music by C. Harold Lowden. The words bristle the patriotism of the old warrior. He h as also written a beautiful tribute entitled, "Mother, Dear." The writer was accorded the privilege of hearing both rendered by the little graphophone in the veterans' room.

Harman has arranged an attractive little pamphlet which gives something of the history of the Soldiers' Home, and includes his song and some of his poems.

Notwithstanding his blindness, Harman does not have to depend upon his friends to keep up his correspondence for him. He is the possessor of a small typewriter, a curious-looking machine, upon which he pounds out his words. It is not th e neatest writing in the world, neither are the words always

correctly spelled, but it is far better than the effort of many a novice with two perfectly good eyes.

Harman is a splendid old man of character and refinement, whose ninety-odd years do not prevent him from feeling that he still has a work to perform.

Hesperia, July 26. John A. Dicks Post of the G.A.R. at Hesperia still has a membership of six veterans, and is more fortunate than many G.A.R. posts in larger communities, for the "boys who wore the blue" are thinning in ranks swiftly.

The roster of the Hesperia post includes W.R. Matthews, Charles Bobbins, Edward Waterman, James McConnell, Charles Radenbough, and Harmon Smith.

William Rippey Matthews, so far as he has been able to discover, is the only survivor of Co. C of the 11th Michigan Infantry, and enjoyed a most interesting series of experiences during the fighting in Tennessee and Georgia. According t o his war record, which he has hanging in a frame, Mr. Matthews took part in the battles of Gallatin, Ft. Riley, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Murfreesboro, Elk River, Davies Cross Roads in Tennessee, Graysville, Buzzards Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw, Rough Station, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta in Georgia.

Some of these were skirmishes and others were major engagements of the war, having an important bearing on the final outcome.

Although Mr. Matthews was born in Branch County in Michigan, January 13, 1843, where his father and mother, Sidney S. Matthews and Susan Grove, had settled in 1839 at Bronson Prairie to which they had come from New York state. Mr. Matth ews was living in Indiana at the time he entered the service. His father had traded the Branch County property for a farm in LaGrange County only three-quarters of a mile across the line, so it was only to be expected that William should sign up with the 11th Michigan Infantry, being recruited at Sturgis.

He enlisted July 15, 1861, but was not mustered into service until August 24, and for three months, his company was detained at White Pigeon because of a smallpox scare. In December, he was sent to Bardstown, Kentucky, where smallpo x again broke out.

Mr. Matthews was in the pest house for 30 days, acting as an intern. He had been ill and was too weak for active service, hence he was vaccinated against smallpox and placed in the ward. The vaccine injected into his arm was taken from a sick soldier who died two days later.

After being discharged from the contagious war, Mr. Matthews rejoined his company, which was sent to Belmont Station to guard the railroad bridge there during the summer. In the fall, they moved to Nashville, where the regiment was brig aded with Miegley's division and held the position until General Rosencrans took charge.

Following the skirmish at Gallatin, August 13, 1862, and another brush with the Confederates at Ft. Riley on September 1, Mr. Matthews served in his first major engagement at the two battles of Stone River on the way to Murfreesboro, wh ich was finally reached after hard fighting. Here they stayed for several weeks, guarding the city from the prowling bands of guerillas which operated between the two armies in search of plunder.

On the outskirts of the town lived a wealthy northern sympathizer on his large farm. One night, the Confederate marauders attacked the place, burned the buildings and shot the farmer. His daughter escaped and reported the event at headq uarters immediately.

The commanding officer, on being assured that she would be able to identify the murderers, advised her to join the refugee camp at the railroad depot as a spy and report to him as soon as she spotted any of the band.

A few days later, on her identification, three men were arrested and among them was the one, she swore at the trial, who had shot her father. He was convicted and sentenced to be hanged with the other two.

To avenge her loss, the girl demanded that she, as executioner, be allowed to spring the trap. This the officer could not allow as it was a military execution. However, she was most determined and threatened to do the deed when the time came for the execution.

To thwart her, the trial of the two accomplices was set at the same time as the execution, but she managed to have the court martial officer postpone the trial. She mounted a horse and spurred to the scaffold. Seeing her coming, the execution squad hurried their prisoner on the scaffold and knocked the block from under him five minutes before the appointed time in direct violation of orders, says Mr. Matthews, who was one of the guards.

One of the two convicts sentenced to death was a consumptive. He was too weak to carry his ball and chain, so Mr. Matthews rendered this service for the poor chap. The two men were hanged simultaneously two weeks later.

Another horrible incident which Mr. Matthews never can forget and seldom speaks of was his serving on a firing squad. The condemned man was a deserter, but he met his fate bravely. There were six men in the execution squad, for whom hal f of the guns were loaded and the remainder were blanks, so no one really knew who killed the deserter.

A much prized souvenir of Murfreesboro to Mr. Matthews is the original muster roll kept by Captain James M. Boswell under Colonel James F. Fagan for Co. K of the 1st Arkansas Regiment of volunteers of the Confederate troops for the peri od of enlistment until January 24, 1862. The document was taken from the Confederate headquarters which were hastily evacuated when the Union forces entered the town.

Davies Cross Roads, Mr. Matthews remembers as a bloody encounter in which Sergeant Lovett of Co. A lost both of his legs from being struck with a cannon ball. He died before the rebels reached his body.

Chickamauga was a terrible battle. Colonel William L. Stoughton and the 11th Michigan were the first to arrive at Snodgras Hill in the center of the battleground and covered the retreat of the Union forces in falling back upon Chattanoo ga where they were besieged for a long time.

The railroad running along the base of Lookout Mountain was useless in bringing provisions to the Northern troops, who were put on reduced rations immediately. For the last three weeks before Fighting Joe Hooker drove the rebels from Lo okout Mountain, Mr. Matthews got pretty hungry because everybody was on quarter rations.

He was on picket duty during the battle and could note the progress of the Union forces. It was a quiet spot and also was the only time during the war when he was able to engage in conversation with a hostile sentry.

Between them was a gully of perpendicular sides 50 feet deep and about the same width across which was impossible to go. Mr. Matthews asked the Johnny if he would sell him some tobacco of which the northern supply was exhausted and offe red him a $10 Confederate script in payment for a plug.

"Judging for the looks of the battle over there, that note won't be any good," answered the other man, so Mr. Matthews offeted a new jackknife in exchange.

The sentry was interested, and Mr. Matthews wrapped the knife in string and tossed it across the chasm. After announcing that he would accept it, the Southerner tossed the tobacco back and it landed on the ledge of the precipice where, balanced only by a twig, it threatened to be lost.

Although there was considerable risk in clinging to the frail bushes, the purchaser resolved to get his tobacco and managed it safely.

After the war, Mr. Matthews wrote the anecdote which was published in the Toledo Blade and later was reprinted by a South Carolina paper. The daughter of the Confederate who had traded the tobacco for the knife, saw it and wrote to Mr. Matthews. Her father had often related the incident, and the family still has the knife, she wrote.

After Lookout Mountain was won, plenty of supplies were available and each man had five days' rations in his haversack issued on the eve of Missionary Ridge. It was two miles from the starting point to the first line of Confederate intr enchments and another mile and a half through two more rebel lines of defense to Bragg's headquarters. Going that distance was one of the hardest pieces of work Mr. Matthews ever did on account of having been without sufficient food for so long, he rememb ers.

His company sustained heavy losses that day, and among them were Sergeant Howard Merrick and Fifer Watts Sherman. Both had premonitions that they would not survive the fight.

Following the battle, the army moved south into Georgia and Mr. Matthews saw plenty of action at Kenesaw Mountain and again at Atlanta. There he was taken sick a month before his term of enlistment was to expire. He was sent back to the hospital at Chattanooga for a three month treatment and arrived at LaGrange again in January.

On Dec. 20, 1868, he married Miss Mary Coon at Burr Oak who died 24 years ago. After moving about to several places, including Nebraska and Kansas, they moved to Ferry, April 3, 1887, where Mr. Matthews started a general store. Two year s later he bought a farm north of Hesperia which he sold 15 years ago. Since then he has lived in the village near his daughter, Mrs. John Mahan, who is his only living child.

Mr. Matthews perfers to keep house all alone, and does his housework methodically. He still has plenty of time left for reading and visiting, and keeps posted on what is happening. The aged veteran is greatly interested in church work a nd for 40 years has been a class leader at the Hesperia Methodist Church, where he is a regular attendant.

He is quite well considering his age, and is mentally alert. In addition to his daughter, there are six grandchildren and four great-grandchildren, in whom he is greatly interested.

John Pittwood was born in England in 1843 and came to this country with his parents in 1849. They settled, first in Genesee County N.Y., later moved to Michigan, settled in Sandstone, Jackson County, later moved to Homer, Calhoun County . Somewhere in between moves, possibly Homer, he enlisted in the Union Army, Co. 24th Michigan Inf. (no date given). He was wounded at Fairfax Station, losing a thumb and later discharged. His travels took him to Hillsdale County where he met Marth a Riblet, sister of S.K. Riblet. Later they became engaged and were married at the home of her parents, Samuel and Dedorah (Woods) Riblet, Litchfield, on Christmas, 1866.

They moved to Newaygo in 1872, John entered the building and contracting business and made a success of it. In 1873 he built a home just east of Masonic Temple, later owned by Dr. Whitehead. In 1885 he bought the Sarah Merritt property, the lot.and residence of W.D. Fuller, Attorney for many years, originally the Brooks home (Hummer). In 1890 John built a cottage at Hess Lake, later sold to M.F. Hatch, later the site of the D.N.R. fishing site.

Editor's footnote: This letter was written by Joseph Douglass of Co. A. 6th Mich. Cav., to friends in Newaygo County. The A. Hunter they write about was Albert Hunter of Co. A, 10th Mich. Cav., from Newaygo County. Albert died January 16, 1863 at Washington, D.C. and is buried in Sterns Prairie Cemetery, Newaygo County.

You must give my best respect to all the forks and my kind love to you.

Editor's footnote: This letter was written by Joseph Douglass of Co. A. 6th Mich. Cav., to friends in Newaygo County. The George he writes about is George Fyckman Nelles of Co. A. 10th Mich. Cav., who was also from Newaygo County. George was born 1843, resided in Croton Twp., died at Fremont on April 21, 1909 and is buried In Oak Grove Cemetery, Newaygo County.

With pleasure I take this oportunity to write you a short letter to letyou know where I am and how I do at this time, also to answer your vary welcome letter dated June 24th. Here we are at Fort Larmie. We arrived here to day noon af ter a march of 700 miles from Fort Leventhworth but we hear that our stay here is going to be short for I believe we start again on a march through the Indian country to morrow. Perhaps we will have some warm work before we get through. It is suposed it w ill take us near two months before we get through with this tramp but all in good time. It may not take us so long to do what is intended we should do. We dont expect to have any battles with the Indians, perhaps a little skirmishing. Probably our march w ill be as easy as any we have yet made. Of course we know but little of what is before us or when we will all turn our faces towards home again. Some times I think all of the new men will be kept up in this country all winter, the Old men as time expires next October. I am in hopes that all of us may get back by that time. My health is very good, I have no reason to complain of my lott only I think the rations are not any to plenty. Still, I could do with half as long as I keep welt Asfor the count ry through which we have already come, the red skins may have it for all me and the Government can do as it has mind too. We have always had plenty of water so far though not so good at times as we could wish. About one mile and a haff from where we are i n Camp, we can see three Indians hanging by the neck. They were hung for misconduct about a month ago and are still hanging as an example to all red skins in these parts. There are several Indian soldiers here among some of the Regiments stationed here wh o make vary good soldiers. I recieved Elizas letter and answered it. I was much pleased with it and hope she will get mine. Now Nancy, you must write pa a letter too and he will answer it. Children I want you all to try and be good Children and when you m a is away, to be careful about fire for if the house should burn up you would have no house. I often think of you aR and wish I could see you. Well, I will come by and by you must remember me to Joseph Douglas and all the neighbours.

Samuel McCune was born May 11, 1842, in Rutland, Vermont, the son of Samuel McCune and Sarah Rutledge McCune. The family moved to Newaygo village around 1851.

According to the record of the 10th Cav. of Mich. of the Civil War, Samuel McCune enlisted in Co. A 10th Cav., August 27,1864 at Grand Rapids, Ml, for one year, at the age of 23. Mustered August 27, 1864. Joined the regiment at Strawber ry Plains, Tenn., Sept.25, 1864. Discharged for disability at Knoxville, Tenn., June 14, 1865.

He married Mary Luella Meade (b.2s, July 1852, N.Y.), December 31, 1869, and was living in Ashland Twp., Newaygo County, 1870 census.

He farmed in Chester Twp., Ottawa County until he retired to Casnovia, Muskegon County, where he died April 16, 1923 and is buried in the Casnovia Cemetery.

They had five children, Luella, Celia, Charlie, Roy and Bell.

Mrs. McCune was on a pension and died April 1, 1947.

I have the painful! duty of informing you that poor Edwin H. Lanback is no more he died at the General Hospital near Farmington on the morning of the 12th. I have not any official information as to his effects and therefore can t ell you nothing more at present.

Although he is dead he will live in the memory of every member of the Company as long as they live, as an example to be followed and lived by as a soldier. There is not a braver man in the army than Edwin H. Lanback was. You will mourn his loss no doubt but I can asure you that the Company will miss him as much as any person can. In Battle his voice was heard cheering on the Comrads near him. Telling some anecdote to cheer them up should the bullets fl y thicker than some like to hear them. The Company in the loss of Corporal E. H. Lanback have lost one of her best officers and one of her bravest men, and the Army has lost as brave a man as was ever underfre. I mourn with you but knowing it is the will of our Heavenly Father who doeth things for the best, I can but say Thy Will Be Done, not mine.

Albert Martin Alton was born in DeKalb County, Indiana, December 27, 1844, and passed away at his home in East Lansing April 16, 1924, at the age of 79 years, three months and 19 days.

On December 1, 1864, he was united in marriage to Mary Odealia Dermott who died at their home in Fremont August 23, 1905. To this union six children were born, namely, Mrs. Anna A. Darling and Dallas D. Alton of Fremont; Gertude E. Mart in of St. Johns, Mich., and Brittie M. Birdsall of Holcomb, N.Y., who survive him. Two sons, Joseph J. and Benjami F., died in infancy.

At the age of 17 years Mr. Alton enlisted in the Civil War service in Fort Wayne, Ind., May 28, 1862, where he joined Co. E of the 55th Vol. Regiment of Indiana for a period of three months, and was discharged August 28, 1862. During th is service his company was pursuing Morgan through Kentucky, ending in the battle of Richmond. On July, 1863, he reenlisted in Indianapolis for a period of eight months, in Co. D, 118 Reg. Indiana Vol. Infantry where he was made corporal and later color c orporal of his company. He was discharged from the service March 3, 1864.

Mr. Alton had been a resident of Newaygo County for about 40 years and was one of the founders of the Church of Christ in this city. He was a man of high ideals and sterling character who found joy in service to others and to the church of which he was a devoted member.

On December 24, 1914, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Emma Clancy of Lexington, Michigan.

Funeral services were held at the home in East Lansing under the auspices of the Lansing G.A.R. of which he was a member. The body was brought here last Thursday and a short service was held at the home of D. D. Alton Friday afternoon c onducted by Rev. Frederick Peggs. Interment was in Maple Grove Cemetery.

On September 9, 1861 a young farmer at the age of 25, 5 feet 7 1/2 inches tall, fair in complexion, who lived in Newaygo County joined the service in Company E, 2nd Regiment, Michigan Cavalry Volunteer at Grand Rapids, Michigan. Wil liam served as a private during the Civil War. He was transferred many times during his service to his country.

The next time his family heard about him, he was hospitalized at St. Louis, Missouri. Around Oct., 1862 his family again heard that he was sick at Nashville, Tenn. Then in Dec., 1863 William H. Millard was transferred to V.R.C.

William received many injuries during his serving for his country. An honorably discharged was given 10/1/1864 at Washington, D.C. at expiration of his three years enlisted term. William lived to be 90 years old.

Philip R. Dickinson

Mr. Dickinson, with two brothers, John and Wallace, came to the area then known as Newfoundland, now Fremont, in the spring of 1855. On March 9, they pre-empted the northeast quarter of section 34, the southeast quarter of section 27, a nd the southeast quarter of section 26, all in the township 13 north, range 14 west, now known as Dayton. The authority for this information is no less than Thad Waters, a "land looker'' end early resident of the above area. The boys were accompanied by a young friend and neighbor from their old neighborhood in DeKalb County, Indiana and its adjoining county, Defiance in Ohio. Mr. Waters did not mention John Dickinson as being in the party, but one of the quarters chosen was the only one to receive a government patent for the parcel, and it was in his name. The other two did not patent their choice, but one of these pieces was patented in the name of Benjamin Alton,' the fourth member of the original group, who was reported to have returned to their former home when Philip and Wallace journeyed on to Fremont from Casnovia, where they had spent the most of the winter with friends. Casnovia at that time consisted of a log house and a log barn. The Dickinsons immediately constructed a log dwelling, spen ding their first night in it without a roof, which was put on the next day.

These three young Dickinsons were sons of Ezra and Cynthia (Phillips) Dickinson, both born in Connecticut. They were raised in the pioneering tradition, Ezra having moved from Connecticut with his brother Elisha in 1819 to Trumball Coun ty, Ohio, where he cleared a farm from the wilderness. He married here November 20,1820. In 1836, the family moved again, to DeKalb County, Indiana. Here the process was repeated, but with three sons to help, a farm was again cleared from the wilderness. Having three children who were deaf-mutes, he again moved in 1842 to Hicksville, Defiance County, Ohio to be near the "deaf and dumb" asylum. They had a total of 12 children, but two died before reaching maturity. Cynthia died here in 1852, and Ezra retur ned to DeKalb County, buying a farm in Wilmington Township. These young men were the vanguard of the Dickinsons who came to Newaygo County, being followed by the rest of Ezea's family, one of his brothers, William, and two sisters, Amanda Stone and Patty Miner.

The Dickinsons were in attendance at the organization and first election of the Township of Fremont held April 7th, 1856, at the home of Daniel Weaver. It was voted to hold the next Annual Meeting at the home of Philip Dickinson. Electe d to township offices were:

Daniel Weaver, Supervisor...received 45 votes

Wallace Dickinson, Clerk...received 45 votes

J.H. Cogswell, Treasurer...received 45 votes

Azra Tibbitts, Overseer of the Poor ... no. votes not listed

John Brotherton, Overseer of the Poor ... no. votes not listed

John Harrington, Constable

Wilkes Stuart, Justice of the Peace for 4 years

Charles Putnam, Justice of the Peace for 2 years

The new town was off and rallying, being formed of territory taken from the original township of Brooks, then 1/2 of Newaygo County.

Philip Dickinson, age 26 years, married July 27, 1856, Sophronia Tibbitts, age 21 years, by Charles Putnam. Witnesses were Lucina Putnam and Benjamin Tibbitts, brother of the bride. She was the daughter of Arza and Adeline (Shattuck) Ti bbitts, who arrived from Canada in 1855.

The young couple were living on forty acres just outside the north line of Newaygo village in 1860. They made their home here until he returned from the Civil War. He enlisted in the 10th Mich. Cav., 1863 and served with the unit in Ten nessee. Discharged at Detroit, Nov. 20, 1865. In the early 1870's, the Newaygo land was sold, and the family moved into a log cabin near Surrarer Prairie, then in Croton Township, but now in Brooks. Both Philip and Sophronia died there in 1912. Their fami ly consisted of six girls and four boys, one of the latter dying soon after birth. The others "went west" upon reaching their majority, two going to N. Dakota, and later Maryland. The third was an entertainer, and died when a marquee fell on him in K ansas City.

Ira J. Poats, Co. C, 3^rd Mich. Infantry

Armstrong, Alfred

Anderson, Robert

Barnum, Stephen D.

Barnum, Urban

Betts, John, Jr.

Blood, Ephrain

Blood, Francis

Blood, Oscart

Brace, Hiram

Bullis, Archibald

Bushard, Joseph

Carter, William W.

Cash, Thomas J.

Clark, Barnard

Cleland, John

Crauts, George W.

Crawford, Lewis J.

Davis, James

Dibble, Asa S.

Donley, John

Douglass, Joseph

Downing, William

Fuller, Daniel

George, James

Gould, Nehemiah

Hall, William H.

Haskins, Clyde

Henderson, Joseph/Jasper

Hicks, Sylvester

Hildreth, Alonzo

Hill, Alonzo

Holden/Houlding, Israel

Hudson, John

Hughes, Robert C.

Hurd, Clayton L.

Hyatt, Jacob

Jackson, Francis

Jackson, William

Judd, Albert

Kellum, Joshua

Kriger, Perley

Kreutizer/Kritzer, Conrad

Lambson, Apollos

Leonard, Jackson

Lewis, George

Lockwood, Raymund

McCallum, Robert

McCune, Joseph

Merrill, Dirving A.

Morgan, John

Morley, Jasper

Pender, Daniel

Pierson, William M.

Price, William

Raymer, Mason

Raymer, Sanford

Rector, Danford

Reed, Andrew

Roger, William

Rupp, George

Rosewarne, John

Saunders, Thomas

Schofield, Earl

Seaman, Peter

Seward, Orsemus

Sharp, Amos

Sharp, Frank

Sharp, James E.

Sharp, Mile

Shippy, John

Smith, Conrad

Spaulding, Almon

Thayer, Porter B.

Thomas, William

Tiedy, George

Tompkins, Daniel D.

Traver, DeWitt

Triebor, Jacob

Tyron, Norman

Watson, William

Wells, James

Wheat, Albert

Wheat, Hiram

Wheat, Richard

Wheeler, George

Whitemore, James C.

William, David

William, Daniels

Wilson, Reuben

Woodard, Amos

Wyckoff, Jeremiah

Miller, Samuel

Barton, Henry

Barton, Mark

Barton, Samuel

Bush, James

Cochran, Mathew

Cole, John H.

Cook, Amos

Cook, Charles

Cook, Hiram

Crabtree, James

Dustin, Charles P.

Evans, Henry

Gooch, Benjamin

Gooch, John

Gooch, Horace

LeBaron, William.

Lewis, Hiram

Lines, Green Berry

Miller, Thomas

Nelson, Thomas

Peck, Francis

Pervorse, Robert T.

Riker, Alva

Riker, James

Rogers, Cyrus

Scadden, James R.

Seely, Harvey

Shorter, William

Smith, John H.

Terwilliger, Jacob

Westgate, Alden

Woodruff, Albert

Ackley, Newton

Brown, George

Debois, Harvey

Harry, John F.

Merrill, Davis

Murry, Edwin

Storm, Hamilton

Whitman, Edgar

Angell, Henry S.

Babcock, Taylor

Barnes, Daniel

Cogswell, Henry S.

Dake, Hiram

Dake, Judah

Dickinson, William

Hopkins, David

Hopkins, Thomas

Parshall, I.R.

Tennant, William F.

Wilbur, Charles I.

Coe, B. F.

Mowatt, George M.

Parrish, Orin

Badger, Joseph

Ball, Charles H.

Barnard, John B.

Becker, Henry

Baillargeon, Joseph

Brown, Lyman T.

Comstock, Charles

Fox, Irwin C.

Hermance, Benjamin F.

Ish, Benjamin

Ish, Emanual

McCullum, Archibald

Moe, Charles

Morton, Hurdon

Nutting, R. H.

Palmer, Franklin

Robinson, Charles

Skeels, Rufus

Smith, Thomas H.

Tharp Harrison

VanTongeren, Peter

Arsnoe, James

Brenner, Isaac

Caster, Frank

Delano, Dennis

Dickerson, Alanson

Dickerson, Ambrose

Eyer, Jacob

Gardiner, Elias

Goodale, Austin

Gould, Edwin

Harvey, George J.

Inglewright, David

Kingsley, Ira

Landisl Henry

Mallett, Martin

Milligan, Edward

Parker, George

Peck, Corneliuse

Peterson, Harvey

Osburn, John

Oualf, James

Robinson, Ethan

Rough, Uriah

Seeley, Horace

Stacey, Seth

Stillwell, Cyrus

Terwilliger, Calbin

Thompson, Stephen

Wilson, James

Anderson, William

Babcock, Peter

Carpenter, J.W.

Hart, Louis J.

Hendricks, Samuel W.

Hornbeck, Ephriam H.

Merritt, George

Gorman, Thomas

Arnold, John P.

Bliss, William

Brooks, William

Cantine, Davids

Cook, Asa

Cook, Cornelius

Davis, Martins

Forsyth, Andrew John

Hall, George

Hunton, William

Jackson, Sydney J.

Myers, James

Randall, G. A.

Richardson, Charles

Stimson, Amasa

Vanderwater, Lewis

Bigelow, George L.

Carlisle, Gamaliel

Dean, John T.

Douglas, Richards

Knapp, Joseph E.

Leonard, George

Lore, Edwin

Mack, Henry C.

Redfield, John

Shaw, John H.

Walker, Soloman

Westbrook, Ethan Allen

Bazzett, William

Caywood, John

Clark, Josiah

Collins, James W.

Dusenberry,

George

Flynn, Andrew

Garr, Jas

Grove, Richard

Hallock, Edwin

Hallock, Merritt J.

Hammel, John J.

Harvey, George

Haskins, James

Holmes, Robert

Hudson, George

Kyrk, E. E.

Lander, Thomas

Lockard, Martin

Mathews, John

Mathews, Roswell

McPherson, James

Stocking, Andrew

Terwilliger, Silase

Cook, Herman

Barks, John

Davis, Truman

Houkes, Egbert

Johnston, Daniel W.

McQueen, Adam

Martin, George H.

Miller, Luther

Simmons, George

Sleighter, John

Thomas, Edward

Wachter, Richard

Webber, George

Alton, Albert

Alton, Benjamin

Amidon, Edson

Bacon, Frank

Baker, David

Balcom, William

Barnhard, John

Barton, Charles

Barton, James

Deem, George

Bierce, Alanzo

Bowman, Corneleus

Boyden, David

Breuster, Charles

Briggs, George

Briggs, Willard

Bradway, Warren

Brownell, Lorenzo

Bryant, Wooster C.

Burn, Harvey

Canavan, William

Canovan, James

Canovan, John

Castle, Paleman

Castle, Julius

Cole, Moses

Crummel, Samuel

Curtice, Ruben Milo

Curtice, Sheldon

Davis, Daniel

Dean, James

Delamater, John

Delamater, William

Dickinson, Walter

Dingman, McKenzie

Donahue, John

Donahue, Michael

Donavan, Obadiah

Douglas, John

Dunnick, John

Faunce, Daniel

Fleming, Charles

Gates, Henry

Giddings, Elisha

Gohn, Chauncey

Gould, N. E.

Hall, Charles

Hall, George

Henderson, Samuel

Hill, John

Hopkins, Oren

Hopkins, T. L.

Hindes, Moses S.

Jacklin, Robert

Kimball, David

Kimball, Benjamin

Kope, Andrew

Lambers, Ben

Lancaster, Charles

Lancaster, John

Lee, Christopher

Lewis, Washington

Lever, Henry

Lilone, Augustios

Marshall, Charles

McClary, Edwin

McEwan,

Mcintyre, Herman

Mcintyre, Jesse (Mcintire)

McLaughlin, James Madison

McNutt, George

Merchant, Franklin

Miller, Dennis

Mills, George

Miner, George

Moe, Joseph

Mosher, George

Mullen, Mathew

Nay, Frederick

Northway, Hiram

Norton, William

O'Dell, Darwin

O'Dell, James

O'Dell, Samuel

O'Dell, Theodore

Overholt, Henry

Parker, C. L.

Paradise, William

Pearson, William

Phelps, Ambrose

Phillips, Francis

Platt, Walter

Preston, Hiram

Preston, Shiner

Pumfrey, Walter

Rathburn, Charles

Round, William

Royston, John

Schoonover, Archibold Seymour, George

Shaver, Norman

Squires, Daniel

Sherman, John

Thompsen, Willard

Thompson, Riley

Taite, George (fate) Vandenbeldt, Henry

Vile, John B.

Williams, John

Wilson, Charles H.

Wright, Franklin

Young, Silas

Zwaterink, J. W.

Gowell, Silvester

Alger, Joseph

Davis, John W.

Fairchild, Ira W.

Galentine, John W.

McDonald, Nathan

Best, Ely

Bulson, Washington

Carlisle, George Theodore Carlisle, John L.

Carpenter, Samuel Winfield Clark, Isaac

Dodge, Paul

Doty, Francis

Fees, William

Gilbert, William L.

Gillett, Francis

Hanson, John R.

Hubbard, Sylvester S.

Jenne, Horace C.

Johnson, Orrin

Knickbocker, Walter

Lockard, Thomas

McKeen, Finson

Millis, Silas

Mills, Lucioua R.

O'Hara, Joseph

Osborn, Henry/Robert

Overly, George

Potter, Wallace

Pringle, John P.

Reynolds, Clark R.

Seymour, Cassander

Shook, A. J.

Slocum, Richard

Smith, Harmon

Theodore, George

Townsend, Giles

Utley, Charles

VanHorn, John

Waterman, Henry E.

Weaver, L. S.

Wilbur, Charles

Wilbur, Samuel R.

Wright, James

Mansfield, Milton

Miles Stark,

Myron Lyons,

Nelson J.

Allen, Lafayette B.

Cain, Francis

Daniel, Julius B.

Ewing, Thomas

Flanigan, William

Hebel, David

McClain, Chester A.

Martin, Stephen

Stroud, Benjamin

Anders, Dennis

Bullman, John J.

Carpenter, Luther M.

Dailey, George

Degroot, Austin

Mason, George

Norton, Mason

Smith, Walter C.

Turner, William

Boswell, James

Collender, James/John

Jacquay, Lawrence

Lyon, Charles

Mathews, Simon

Misner, James

Pratt, Edmond

Tozer, William E.

Deming, George H.

Johnson, John

Bartolls, James

Berry, Rodolphus

Brooks, John

Brott, George A.

Brown, Hiram

Brown, Sanford

Cameron, Hiram

Carpenter, Jerome

Daniel, James

Decker, Daniel

Dickinson, Wallace

Edwards, James

Felch, William H.

Fletcher, George Sanford

Fogarty, Cornelius

Gates, Lucius

Gibe, Samuel

Gray, Henry

Hall, Francis

Hall, Levi

Hammer, Charles

Harden, Samuel H.

Hasting, Charles

Hervey, Cephas

Higgins, Sylvester

Hill, Levi

Huggel, Fredrick

Hutchins, Jerome

Jarse, John B.

Kennicott, Charles

Laribee, Wh.

Lockery, Lucius

McSorley, Christopher

Meeker, Lyman

Miller, James D.

Morey, John

Morse, Elias

Moses, Michael

Mundy, Jasper

Phelps, Asa

Pickett, Peres Miner

Pitwood, John

Platt, Albert

Peats, Ira

Puthan, C. M.

Race, Peter

Robinson, Peter H.

Rockel, George

Seeley, Jerome

Shaw, Edwin

Sigsby, James B.

Smith, William

Sprague, Sylvester

Standish, John

Taylor, George

Thompson, Frances

Thompson, John T.

Thompson, Stephen O.

Turner, John

Tyler, James

VanLeuven, John G.

Wallace, Henry

Welsh, Dan

Woodward, Henry

Zuluff, Charles

Cavender, Lawrence

Dancer, George

Dancer, Simon P.

Dickinson, Phillip

Hall, Alfred

Keeney, John M.

Mudget, Edward

Nellis, Andrew

Nellis, George

Perham, Victor

Quackenbush, Robert

Shutts, Joseph

Slaight, Cyrus

Thompson, Rutus

Townsend, William

VanLiew, Daniel

Winters, William

Wright, Lewis

Meril, James

Brown, Peter

ST. BARTHOLOMEWS

Fox, Peter

Sullivan, Patrick

ST. JOSEPH (White Cloud)

Kirsh, David

Backman, Levi

Carpenter, Warren

Clough, Daniel

Clough, Marcus

Field, Robert H.

Greening, Wesley E.

Kenyon, Lansing

Lamberton, Daniel

Perkins, Clarence

Steadman, Andrew

Thompson, John/Dodge

Alexander, John C.

Hunter, Albert

McCall, William E.

Thompson, Stephen

Town, Simon

Andrew, Alburtus M.

Anson, George W. S.

Basford, Frank

Cross, Charles

Freeman, Albert

Freeman, Charles

Freeman, George B.

Shaddick, James

Whelpley, Henry

Bain, George H.

Birdzell, Nathaniel

Bragg, Nathan L.

Delong, Wayne

Henning, John

Kline, John

McClary, John J.

McDonald, William

Morton, John

Painter, Andrew

Painter, Jesse D.

Seymour, Frank B.

Elwell, Elias

Houghtaling, William

Merrill, Dwight

Root, Samuel

Spaulding, Silas

Sweet, Allen

Agan, Samuel

Andrews, Charles

Baker, Frederick

Barnhart, Simon

Bechtol, Henry

Boss, Willard

Candee, Benjamin

Champion, James

Champion, William

Cole, Martin J.

Caswell, Zebulon

Decker, Henry

Deeds, William

DeHaven, Joel

Dodge, David

Dusenberry, Seth

Flausburgh, James

Flinton, George

Goodrich, Leonard

Griffith, William

Harriger, James

Harris, William

Hocum, Alexander

Hocum, Itha

Jacques, William

James, Archibald

Jewett, Jonas

Kimball, William

Langworthy, Sanford

Lovell, Nathan

McClure, Hugh

Miller, John

Murray, John H.

Newell, Charles

Nichols, Henry

Noble, William

Osborn, Rodolphus Owenburger, John

Penland, William

Pierce, Nathan

Richard, Augustus

Ringler, Frank

Robbins, Loren

Romans, Edward H. Schondelmayer

Stowman, Theodore

Ubellar, Charles

Wantz, Levi

Warren, Daniel

Weed, Enos

Williams, George

Witherell, Smith D.

Cook, John C.