:双语对照 - 《纽约时报》教育专栏：中国教育体系分层现象严重

原文

Stratification of Chinese Higher Education - Room for Debate - NYTimescom

A Stratified Education System
教育体系分层现象严重

Updated December 4, 2010, 12:53 AM
Qiang Zha is an assistant professor of education at York University in Toronto, and a co-author, most recently of, “Portraits of 21st Century Chinese Universities: In the Move to Mass Higher Education.”
张强是多伦多约克大学教育学院助理教授，并是《二十一世纪中国大学现状：前进中的高等教育》一书的共同作者。

It is ironic that as China’s economy keeps growing, the degrees produced by its colleges seem to be rapidly losing their value. Investment in education and training are not paying off for many college graduates. Why? Does China not need knowledge workers?
中国经济持续增长，而讽刺的是，大学文凭变得越来越不值钱。在教育和培训上的资金投入看起来对大学毕业生们好像没有什么作用。为什么会这样呢？难道中国不需要有知识有文化的人才吗？

The elite universities enjoy strong state patronage while the rest are largely left on their own.
一流名校享受着政府的雄厚财政支持，而剩下的很大一部分没有得到充分利用。

In the past decade, Chinese higher education enrollment soared more than sevenfold, and the system now produces close to six million graduates a year. Shouldn’t these graduates be rewarded for their education credentials and qualifications and not be treated “as cheap as cabbages”?
在过去十年，中国大学的入学分数线增长了七倍以上，而每年从大学走出来将近六百万的大学毕业生。这些拿着大学文凭和就业资格证书的毕业生们又为什么会被认为是“廉价的卷心菜”呢？
The problem is due largely to a structural disorder in Chinese higher education.
问题在于高等教育系统内广泛性的结构失调。
With the quick expansion of higher education came stratification of the system. Chinese higher education has grown to be steeply hierarchical, with a small number of elite national universities (around 100 in total) sitting on top of the hierarchy and protected from overexpansion. Meanwhile, the majority (95 percent or so) of local universities and colleges have to accommodate most of the increased enrollment.
随着高校大量扩招，中国的高等教育系统出现严重的分层现象，而少数一流名校（排名前一百）位于教育体系内的最高级别，并没有受到扩招的影响。与此同时，绝大多数的地方大学及学院（占总数百分之九十五）则承受了扩招的全部压力。
The elite universities enjoy strong state patronage in terms of higher concentration of public resources while the local ones are largely left to rely on market forces, which means that they have to take in more students in order to secure their revenue.
名牌大学享受着绝大部分的政府教育拨款，与此同时，地方大学只能依靠市场的力量，这就意味着他们必须要保证毕业生顺利就业才能吸引到新生入校就读。
This widening gap inevitably led to deterioration of the quality of higher education in many colleges, especially the newly created ones but also the private ones, which suffer from a severe shortage of qualified and experienced teaching staff.
这种逐渐加大的差距必然会导致地方大学教育质量下滑，特别是地方学校还有固有的顽疾——缺乏富有经验的优秀教师。
Worse still, many of these colleges favored adding “soft” programs, e.g., accounting, business/public administration, international commerce, foreign languages, etc. These popular programs require modest resources, thus providing an effective means for fast expansion. Graduates of these programs used to be welcomed into the job market. However, the proliferation of these programs has created a huge discrepancy between the supply and demand side.
更糟糕的是，这些学校都喜欢开设一些“软”专业，比如说，会计，金融，公共事业管理，国际贸易，外语，等等。这些时髦的专业不需要多少硬件条件就可以开设，从而使得学校可以容纳下这些年的扩招学生。这些专业的毕业生通常都会受到就业市场的欢迎。然而，由于这些专业的毕业生日益增多，使得供需之间产生严重不平衡的现象。
With the market economy developing, divisions in China’s job market naturally emerged. The elite university graduates and those who studied “hard” programs, i.e., the sciences and technology, found better opportunities in the primary job market where there's great demand for their knowledge and skills.
随着市场经济发展，中国就业市场的细分化日趋成熟。一流大学毕业生和那些学习“高深”专业的学生的市场需求大，比如说，自然科学，工程技术等专业，这些学生会在就业市场得到更好的机会。
The local college graduates and particularly those who studied “soft” programs are more likely to be pushed to the secondary job market, which is characterized by low wages and high levels of labor turnover.
地方学校毕业生和那些学习“软”专业的学生则更多的被推到次级就业市场，这类的工作工资低，离职率很高。
However, as more opportunities become available in a maturing Chinese economy, those who have college degrees -- regardless of their field of discipline -- will benefit. In the long run, it is likely that the wages of most college graduates will improve.
然而，随着中国经济日趋成熟，会出现更多的工作机会，那些拿着大学文凭的大学生们（无论是那种专业）都会在当中受益。从长远来看，大学毕业生的工资会得到进一步提升。


http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2010/12/02/what-is-a-college-degree-worth-in-china/stratification-of-chinese-higher-education

译文

《纽约时报》教育专栏：中国教育体系分层现象严重

A Stratified Education System

  教育体系分层现象严重    

Updated December 4, 2010, 12:53 AM

  2010年12月4日发布  

Qiang Zha is an assistant professor of education at York University in Toronto, and a co-author, most recently of, “Portraits of 21st Century Chinese Universities: In the Move to Mass Higher Education.”

  张强是多伦多约克大学教育学院助理教授，并是《二十一世纪中国大学现状：前进中的高等教育》一书的共同作者。

  

    It is ironic that as China’s economy keeps growing, the degrees produced by its colleges seem to be rapidly losing their value. Investment in education and training are not paying off for many college graduates. Why? Does China not need knowledge workers?

  中国经济持续增长，而讽刺的是，大学文凭变得越来越不值钱。在教育和培训上的资金投入看起来对大学毕业生们好像没有什么作用。为什么会这样呢？难道中国不需要有知识有文化的人才吗？   

The elite universities enjoy strong state patronage while the rest are largely left on their own.

  一流名校享受着政府的雄厚财政支持，而剩下的很大一部分没有得到充分利用。   

In the past decade, Chinese higher education enrollment soared more than sevenfold, and the system now produces close to six million graduates a year. Shouldn’t these graduates be rewarded for their education credentials and qualifications and not be treated “as cheap as cabbages”?

  在过去十年，中国大学的入学分数线增长了七倍以上，而每年从大学走出来将近六百万的大学毕业生。这些拿着大学文凭和就业资格证书的毕业生们又为什么会被认为是“廉价的卷心菜”呢？  

The problem is due largely to a structural disorder in Chinese higher education.

  问题在于高等教育系统内广泛性的结构失调。

With the quick expansion of higher education came stratification of the system. Chinese higher education has grown to be steeply hierarchical, with a small number of elite national universities (around 100 in total) sitting on top of the hierarchy and protected from overexpansion. Meanwhile, the majority (95 percent or so) of local universities and colleges have to accommodate most of the increased enrollment.

随着高校大量扩招，中国的高等教育系统出现严重的分层现象，而少数一流名校（排名前一百）位于教育体系内的最高级别，并没有受到扩招的影响。与此同时，绝大多数的地方大学及学院（占总数百分之九十五）则承受了扩招的全部压力。

The elite universities enjoy strong state patronage in terms of higher concentration of public resources while the local ones are largely left to rely on market forces, which means that they have to take in more students in order to secure their revenue.

名牌大学享受着绝大部分的政府教育拨款，与此同时，地方大学只能依靠市场的力量，这就意味着他们必须要保证毕业生顺利就业才能吸引到新生入校就读。

 This widening gap inevitably led to deterioration of the quality of higher education in many colleges, especially the newly created ones but also the private ones, which suffer from a severe shortage of qualified and experienced teaching staff.

这种逐渐加大的差距必然会导致地方大学教育质量下滑，特别是地方学校还有固有的顽疾——缺乏富有经验的优秀教师。

Worse still, many of these colleges favored adding “soft” programs, e.g., accounting, business/public administration, international commerce, foreign languages, etc. These popular programs require modest resources, thus providing an effective means for fast expansion. Graduates of these programs used to be welcomed into the job market. However, the proliferation of these programs has created a huge discrepancy between the supply and demand side.

更糟糕的是，这些学校都喜欢开设一些“软”专业，比如说，会计，金融，公共事业管理，国际贸易，外语，等等。这些时髦的专业不需要多少硬件条件就可以开设，从而使得学校可以容纳下这些年的扩招学生。这些专业的毕业生通常都会受到就业市场的欢迎。然而，由于这些专业的毕业生日益增多，使得供需之间产生严重不平衡的现象。

With the market economy developing, divisions in China’s job market naturally emerged. The elite university graduates and those who studied “hard” programs, i.e., the sciences and technology, found better opportunities in the primary job market where there's great demand for their knowledge and skills.

随着市场经济发展，中国就业市场的细分化日趋成熟。一流大学毕业生和那些学习“高深”专业的学生的市场需求大，比如说，自然科学，工程技术等专业，这些学生会在就业市场得到更好的机会。

 The local college graduates and particularly those who studied “soft” programs are more likely to be pushed to the secondary job market, which is characterized by low wages and high levels of labor turnover.

地方学校毕业生和那些学习“软”专业的学生则更多的被推到次级就业市场，这类的工作工资低，离职率很高。 

However, as more opportunities become available in a maturing Chinese economy, those who have college degrees -- regardless of their field of discipline -- will benefit. In the long run, it is likely that the wages of most college graduates will improve.

  然而，随着中国经济日趋成熟，会出现更多的工作机会，那些拿着大学文凭的大学生们（无论是那种专业）都会在当中受益。从长远来看，大学毕业生的工资会得到进一步提升。

 

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