魔域哪些宝宝是全属性:九年级英语专题复习:从句

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一. 重点、难点

名词性从句

(一)宾语从句

关于宾语从句需要掌握以下几点:

1. 连接词:宾语从句的连接词由从句的句子类型决定

(1)that:当从句为一个陈述句时用that引导出宾语从句,它在句中不充当任何成份,在口语中常可以省略。但如果含有两个以上的宾语从句,只有引导第一个宾语从句的that可以省略,引导其余的宾语从句的that均不可省略;从句与主句的谓语之间被其他词隔开时,that不可省略。

eg.

He said(that)there wasn’t any trouble and that he was waiting for his charge .

他说没有什么只不过是在等着找零钱。

He told us once again that this would never happen .

他再次告诉我们这件事不会发生。

(2)whether与if:当宾语从句为一般疑问句时用if或whether来引导,它们通常可以互换。whether可和or not连用,而if不可。宾语从句是否定时,一般用if。用if引导宾语从句,如果引起歧义,应用whether,而避免用if。

eg.

Do you know whether / if John has finished writing his diary ?

你知道约翰写完他的日记了吗?

I wonder whether it is true or not . 我不知道这事儿是否真实。

I don’t care if it doesn’t rain . 我不在乎天下不下雨。

Please let me know whether you are coming . 请让我知道是否你要来。

(3)特殊疑问词:当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时,要用特殊疑问词引导。

eg.

I don’t know what you are talking about . 我不知道你在谈论什么。

He told us how he came here . 他告诉我们他是怎样来这儿的。

(4)另外,带有宾语补足语的宾语从句常用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在补语之后,且that不可省。

eg.

He found it necessary that he should learn English well .

他发现他要把英语学好是很有必要的。

2. 语序:宾语从句要使用陈述句语序

3. 时态:宾语从句的时态由主句决定,当主句是一般现在时时,从句可根据需要选择相应时态;当主语为过去时时,从句需用过去的某一时态。

4. 宾语从句作介词宾语的情况:

(1)一般来讲,介词后不可用that引导从句,只有except , but , besides , in , for等少数几个介词可接从句,且that不可省。

(2)其它介词的宾语从句如由that引导,则需用it先行作形式宾语。介词后不可用if引导从句,而要用whether引导从句。

eg.

The Swede stood quite still , except that his lips moved slightly .

那瑞典人除了嘴唇微微颤抖之外,一动不动地站在那儿。

The decision depends on whether we have enough experience .

这个决定取决于我们是否有足够的经验。

5. 从句作某些形容词的宾语时:

形容词afraid , sure , angry等可接that从句作宾语,且that可省略。

eg.

I’m afraid(that)I can’t help you . 我恐怕不能帮你。

6. 宾语从句与简单句的互换

宾语从句常可wh-words +to do的简单句式进行互换。

eg.

I don’t know what I should do . = I don’t know what to do . 我不知该怎么办。

 

(二)表语从句

1. 表语从句的位置:位于系动词之后

2. 连接词:当从句的句意完整时用that,且不可省略。用whether,不用if,可用as if,此时从句要用虚拟语气。主句的主语是reason时,不能用because引导表语从句,要用that引导从句。主句的主语是suggestion , proposal , request , orders , idea , advice …时,表语从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形的形式。

eg.

Our belief is that things will improve . 我们相信事情会有改善的。

The question is whether it is worth doing . 问题是这是否值得做。

It looks as if it is going to rain . 看起来好像要下雨了。

This is how we overcame the difficulties . 这就是我们如何克服那些困难的。

His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting .

他的建议是我们应该再开一次会。

She felt as if she were going to die . 她感觉自己好像要死了。

 

(三)主语从句

在句中作主语的从句叫做主语从句,引导主语从句的有连词that , whether;连接代词who , what , which;连接副词when , where , how , why等。

eg.

What he said seems wrong . 他所说的似乎是错的。

Whatever was said here must be kept secret . 这说的一切必须保密。

Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake . 谁要是看不清这点,就要犯大错误。

Whether they can solve this problem is still uncertain .

他们能否解决这个难题,目前还不能肯定。

When the sound lab will be built is unknown . 语音实验室何时建成还不知道。

How he managed to escape to that country is just what we want to know .

他是怎样设法逃到那个国家的正是我们想知道的。

以上例句的主语从句都是放在句首。但有时由于主语从句太长,会显得头重脚轻。因此,常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句挪到句子后面去。形式主语是it的句型有:

a. It is + adj. / n. + that …            b. It is said / reported … + that …

eg.

It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution .

煤和石油这类燃料能造成大量的污染,这是肯定的。

It seemed strange that he came so late today . 很奇怪他今天来得这么晚。

It is not yet decided when and where the talk will be given .

何时何地开报告会还没定下来。

It is hoped that you’ll be able to attend the concert . 希望你能出席音乐会。

使用名词性从句应注意以下几点:

(1)连接词的选用

eg.

That he will come is certain . 他要来,这点是肯定的。

that引导主语从句,无词义,不充当成分,不可省。

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much . 她来不来,关系不大。

引导主语从句,且与or not连用,要用whether不用if。

(2)从句作主语,主句的谓语动词一般用单数。

eg.

When and where we shall have the sports meeting hasn’t been decided .

何时,在哪儿开运动会还没定下来。

(3)由whatever , whoever引导的主语从句一般不能后置。

eg.

Whatever we do must be in the interest of the people .

无论我们做什么都要符合人民的利益。

(4)由形式主语it引起的主语从句,其句型为:

It is / was + said / believed / reported + that从句

表示据说,据认为,据报道等

eg.

It is said that he will arrive tomorrow . 据说他明天到。

It is believed that the new manager will be fit for the position .

人们相信这个新经理会称职的。

此外,it + be +形容词+that从句也是常见的句型。

eg.

It is important that … ; It is clear that …

It is necessary that … ; It is certain that …

It is strange that … ; It is natural that …

 

(四)同位语从句:它常跟在某些名词,如belief , fact , hope , idea , news , suggestion , promise , problem , possibility等之后,用来说明或解释这些名词。引导同位语从句的词,有连词that;连接副词how , when , where等。

eg.

You have no idea how wonderful the play is . 你想象不到这话剧多么好。

The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good .

我们应该轮流打扫教室的建议很好。

由that引导的同位语从句在结构上和由that引导的定语从句相似,其区别是:that在同位语从句中只起连词作用,不充当句子中某个成份,一般不能省略,而定语从句中that是关系代词,在定语从句中充当一个句子成份,如在定语从句中作宾语可省略。

eg.

The news(that)he heard was very exciting .

他听到的那消息令人激动。(定语从句,that作宾语)

The news that our football team had won the game was very exciting .

我们足球队赢的消息很激动人心。(同位语从句,that是连词)

 

一. 单项选择

1. The No. 12 bus       to the Town Hall and not to the station .

A. has come       B. has been going      C. goes      D. is going

2. Don’t use that pen . It       smoothly(流畅).

A. didn’t write        B. don’t write       C. doesn’t write      D. isn’t write

3. If it       , I won’t go for a walk .

A. rains      B. will rain     C. rained      D. rain

4. The child is playing while his mother       dinner .

A. cooked       B. cooks      C. was cooking      D. is cooking

5. He       in a cotton factory these days .

A. working      B. works      C. will be working       D. has been working

6. Don’t turn off the light . I       a report now .

A. have been reading       B. read       C. am reading      D. have read

7. John       the first party in his life tomorrow night .

A. is given      B. is giving     C. has given      D. has been giving

8. My uncle       to see me . He’ll be here soon .

A. comes      B. is coming      C. had come      D. came

9. At this moment I       we have a good chance of victory .

A. feel      B. am feeling      C. felt       D. am felt

10. My uncle never       a hat even in winter .

A. is wearing      B. are being worn     C. wore      D. wears

11. By next December , I       fifty-five .

A. will have to be        B. will have been      C. will be being      D. shall be

12. Look at these black clouds .         .

A. It’ll rain     B. It’s going to rain      C. It’ll be raining      D. It is to rain

13. Look out ! That tree       fall down .

A. is going to      B. will be      C. shall      D. would

14. “ Have you read the book I gave you ? ” “ No , but       going to read it soon . ”

A. I’d be      B. I’ll be     C. I’ve been      D. I’m

15. We       for Shanghai tonight .

A. are starting       B. starts      C. started       D. have started

16. I think she       right now .

A. reading       B. reads      C. is reading      D. read

17. Before long , he       all about the matter .

A. will have forgotten      B. will forget      C. forgets      D. forgot

18. We won’t go unless you       soon .

A. had come        B. came       C. will come     D. come

19. Do be quiet ! I’m trying to hear what the man       .

A. says       B. is saying      C. has said      D. has been saying

20. Smith       his friends for money .

A. often ask      B. is often asking      C. often asks      D. has been asked

21. Twelve inches(英寸)      one foot .

A. make      B. makes      C. is making       D. will make

22. While Connie       a baseball match , her sister is typewriting a letter in her office .

A. has watched       B. watches      C. is watching       D. has been watching

23. James Watt       the steam engine(蒸汽机).

A. was inventing      B. invented       C. had invented       D. has invented

24. “ The possibility of the flood was just reported over the radio . ”

“ I know . I heard about it . The river       the top of its bank . ”

A. was reached       B. reaching     C. had been reached      D. has reached

25. “ Where’s your uncle’s home ? ”  — “       in Boston for the past years . ”

A. He’s lived       B. He’s living      C. He lives      D. Lived

26. I       him a lot during the past two weeks .

A. saw       B. have seen      C. had seen      D. am seeing

27. They can’t leave until they       their work .

A. did       B. are doing     C. have done     D. had done

28. Will you please lend me the book when you       it ?

A. will finish       B. have finished      C. will have finished     D. finishing

29. Is that the first time you       Beijing ?

A. have visited       B. would visited      C. visited       D. have been visiting

30. She has worked in this factory       .

A. after 1968      B. in 1968      C. since 1968      D. for 1968

31.       three years since I left school . Now I miss my classmate very much .

A. It was       B. It have been      C. It is      D. It had been

32. My parents have lived here       .

A. since 1952     B. for many years ago     C. many years ago    D. since 1952 ago

33.       just a week since we arrived here .

A. It have been       B. It is      C. It was      D. That is

34. So far , she       her holiday very much .

A. hasn’t enjoyed        B. didn’t enjoy     C. doesn’t enjoy     D. was not enjoy

35. “ Your arm is bleeding(流血)! ” “ Yes , I       it with a knife . ”

A. hurt      B. was hurting    C. have just hurt     D. had hurt

36. His grandfather       for thirty years .

A. died       B. was dead      C. has been dead       D. has died

37. My brother       the Youth League for two years .

A. has been in       B. has entered      C. has taken part in      D. has joined

38. They will be as tall as you soon , if they       .

A. would help growing like that              B. keep to grow like it

C. keep growing like that                   D. will keep growing like that

39. We used to go skiing in the Michigan every winter , but       for the past five seasons .

A. I don’t go       B. I haven’t gone      C. I’m not going       D. I didn’t go

40. “ Have you read the book I gave you ? ” “ No , but       going to read it soon . ”

A. I’d be      B. I’ll be      C. I’ve been      D. I’m

41. I will come when I       free .

A. will be       B. shall be      C. was      D. am

42. When I arrived in Birmingham the sun       .

A. has been shining       B. shone      C. has shone      D. was shining

43. James has just arrived , but I didn’t know he       until yesterday .

A. will come      B. was coming      C. had been coming      D. comes

44. “ I heard you talking to somebody just now . ”  “ Oh , I       to myself . ”

A. have only talked     B. only talk    C. was only talking    D. have only been talking

45. The teacher       it was important to know English grammar .

A. had always been saying         B. was always saying

C. had always had said            D. was always said

46. As he       I couldn’t ask him anything .

A. will already left       B. have already left     

C. had already left             D. already leaves

47. By the end of last term , We       2,500 words .

A. had learned      B. has learned     C. has been learned      D. learned

48. When we got to the airport , we found that the plane       .

A. had already taken off               B. already took off

C. was already taken off               D. was already taking off

49. As soon as John’s mother       out , he stole some food .

A. goes      B. had gone      C. was going      D. were going

50. The singer had lived in California before he       to university .

A. had been sent        B. had been sending      C. was sending      D. was sent

51. Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day , saying that she       it soon .

A. would return       B. had return      C. will return       D. should return

52. It was December 20 . In five days it would be Christmas Day . The Lord Mayor(市长), together with overseas students ,       to celebrate it .

A. was going      B. will go      C. is going      D. went

53. When I reached the station , the train       already       .

A. had … left       B. were … leaving      C. was … left      D. had … been left

54. While I       my breakfast the morning post came .

A. had had      B. had been having      C. was having      D. have had

55. By eleven o’clock yesterday , we       at the airport .

A. had arrived       B. have arrived     C. shall arrive      D. arrive

56. I was hungry . I       nothing all day .

A. ate       B. had eaten       C. had been eating      D. have eaten

57. “ My father will be here tomorrow . ”  — “ Oh , I thought that he       today . ”

A. was coming        B. is coming     C. will come       D. comes

58. I though that honesty       the best policy .

A. was       B. is       C. were       D. been

59. When I was at middle school , I knew that William Shakespeare       in 1564 .

A. was born        B. had been born      C. is born      D. has born

60. He is so rich that he       to work .

A. hasn’t been        B. haven’t       C. doesn’t have       D. isn’t being

 

二. 词形转换

1. Li Ping often      (read)English in the morning .

2.       he      (clean)the windows once a week .

3. The workers      (have)sports on the playground now .

4. How long       you      (stay)there the day before yesterday .

5. Who      (listen)to the music ?

6. When I      (be)a middle school student , I often      (sing).

7. His parents      (go)to the Great Wall tomorrow morning .

8.       they      (study)Japanese next term ?

9. What time       you      (do)your homework everyday ?

10. Look ! The students      (clean)the classroom .

11. What       your father      (do)yesterday ?  —He      (write)two letters .

12. There      (be)a football match on TV this evening .

13. My father      (leave)for Japan tomorrow morning .

14. Tom      (not listen)to the radio every morning .

15.      (be)there any hospitals here twenty years ago ?

16. I      (come)to see you again before long .

17.       there      (be)an English evening next Saturday ?

18.       your uncle      (have)a meeting last Friday ?

19. What       the young Pioneers      (do)on the hill now ?

20. They      (not go)fishing on Sunday .

21. How many classes       you      (have)every day ?

22. It’s seven in the evening , Tom’s family      (watch)TV .

23. He      (join)the army in 1985 . He      (be)still in the army now .

24. I      (visit)my friend next Sunday .

25. If it snows tomorrow , we      (play)with snow .

26. I      (make)a lot of mistakes in my test yesterday .

27.       it      (snow)outside now ?   —No , it       .

28. Where       they      (live)?  They      (live)in Shanghai .

29. If it      (rain)this morning , we won’t go shopping .

 

 

 

[参考答案]

一.

1. C      2. C      3. A      4. D      5. D      6. C      7. B     8. B

9. A      10. D     11. D     12. B     13. A     14. D     15. A    16. C

17. B     18. D     19. B     20. C     21. B     22. C     23. B    24. D

25. A     26. B     27. C     28. B     29. C     30. C     31. C    32. A

33. B     34. A     35. C     36. C     37. A     38. C     39. B    40. D

41. D     42. D     43. B     44. C     45. B     46. C     47. A    48. A

49. B     50. D     51. A     52. A     53. A     54. C     55. A    56. B

57. A     58. B     59. A     60. C

 

二.

1. reads              2. Does ; clean         3. are having        4. did ; stay    

5. is listening       6. was ; sang           7. will go           8. Will ; study   

9. do ; do        10. are cleaning        11. did ; do ; wrote  12. will be      

13. is leaving        14. doesn’t listen         15. Were             16. will come / am coming   

17. Will ; be         18. Did ; have          19. are ; doing     20. don’t go

21. do ; have     22. are watching        23. joined ; is          24. will visit

25. will play         26. made                27. Is ; snowing ; isn’t

28. do ; live ; live    29. rains