九年级英语第一单元Section B 内容详解 Section B 内容详解
①I make mistakes in grammar.
我经常犯语法方面的错误。
a．make mistakes的意思是“犯错误”“出错”。用复数mistakes表示犯错误是习惯性的或经常性的。如：
We all make mistakes sometimes.
人人都有犯错误的时候。
New learners often make mistakes in grammar.
新学员常常犯语法错误。
I made spelling mistakes now and then when I began to study English years ago.
当我几年前开始学英语的时候，时常犯拼写错误。
Don't be afraid of making mistakes while practicing your English.
在练习英语的时候，你们不要担心犯错误。
b．make mistakes也可以表述为make a mistake。make a mistake通常用于具体的某个错误。如：
Sorry, I made a mistake about his name.
对不起，我把他的名字记错了。
Jack makes a spelling mistake when he spells the word "minute".
杰克在拼读单词"minute"的时候，出现了拼读错误。
Remember his address. Don't make a mistake when you post a letter to him.
记住他的地址，不要在寄信时把地址写错。
We needn't worry too much about making a mistake. But we should not make the same mistake again and again.
我们不必因为犯了某一个错误而过分忧虑，但是我们不应该老犯同样的错误。
c．by mistake表示因误会而做错某件事情，在句中通常用作状语。如：
They got on the No. 86 bus by mistake yesterday.
他们昨天误上了86路公共汽车。
She greeted the man by mistake.
她错跟那个人打了招呼。
I posted the letter by mistake.
我错投了那封信件。
Mr. Liang came into the room by mistake.
梁先生走错了房间。
②Paul can't get the pronunciation right.
保罗不能做到正确发音。
a．get…right意思是“使……正确…”“纠正……”，这里get为使役性动词，right是形容词作宾语补足语。这种“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构通常表示使某人或某事物处于某种状态或位置。如：
I'll try to get everything right in the office.
我会尽力使办公室工作一切都正常起来。
They wanted to get the problem clear.
他们希望把问题弄清楚。
Can you get the wrong spelling right？
请把拼写错误改正，好吗？
The work gets everyone tired.
这份儿工作使每个人都很疲劳。
My mother has got the breakfast ready every morning when I get up.
每天早晨当我起床的时候，妈妈就已经做好了早餐。
You must get them quiet first.
你必须首先使他们安静下来。
What I worry about is whether he can get the house tidy.
我所担心的是他是否能够把屋子清理整洁。
b．这一结构中的宾语补足语还可以用动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等。如：
It's up to me to get everybody moving.
我有责任让每个人动起来。
Can you get the car started？
你能使汽车发动起来吗？
They couldn't get the piano through the door.
这台钢琴他们搬不进这个门。
You may get （=ask） him to help you when you move into your new house.
= You may have him help you when...
你搬新房时可以找他帮忙。
（用have作使役性动词时后面作宾语补足语的不定式前不带to）
【注】在Can you get the car started？一句中，宾语补足语由于started和宾语the car在逻辑上呈被动关系，故用过去分词形式。根据情景的正常理解这里的start应是主语you的动作。然而，在很多情况下get sth.done=have sth.done，具有两个方面的含义，第一是“请别人做”，即宾语补足语的动作不是主语的动作，而是除对话双方以外的第三者干的；第二是表示一种偶然经历，没有主观意识，宾语补足语的动作同样不是主语的动作。试比较：
Please get the work done （=finish the work） as soon as possible.
请尽快完成这项工作。
（指主语you本人或包括主语在内的几个人的动作）
I must get the house painted in a day or two.
过一两天我得找人把房子刷一下。（请人干）
I got my hand caught in the door.
我的手给门夹了一下。（指非主观偶然经历）
③Why don't you join an English language club to practice speaking English？
何不参加英语俱乐部练习英语口语呢？
a．Why don't you join…=Why not join…，表示说话人的一种劝说或建议。注意why not后面的动词应用原形。如：
Why don't you／ Why not go and ask the chairman about that？
那件事何不去问一下主席？
Why don't you／Why not keep a diary to help you remember things？
何不每天记日记以避免忘记所发生的事情？
Why don't we start earlier tomorrow？
明天我们何不早点儿出发？
【注】只有主语是第二人称和第一人称复数的情况下，Why don't you／we do…可改成Why not do…，当主语是第三人称时，不可改成Why not do…句型。如：
Why don't they come to our place？
他们何不来我们这儿呢？
Why doesn't she many Bob？
她何不嫁给鲍勃呢？
【注】why not后面的动词用原形，而What about和How about后面却接动词-ing形式，这是因为about是介词，有时在意思很清楚的情景中两者后面均可接一个名词。前者多用于表示劝说，后者多用于表示建议。试比较：
Why not come over for the weekend？
何不到我们这儿来过周末？
Why not just （wear／buy） a flower？
何不就戴／买一朵鲜花？
What about／How about talking about your family？
谈谈你的家庭情况好吗？
What about a cup of coffee？
来杯咖啡好吗？
④Why don't you join an English language club to practice speaking English？
何不参加英语俱乐部练习英语口语呢？
join an English club表示“参加一个英语俱乐部”，join后面的宾语应是表示人或由人组成的群体或组织。如可以说join me／us／them／the Party／the club／the army／the team／the group。当指参加一项具体的活动时，应用join in，如应说join in the outing／the contest／the work。如表示“和某人一起参加某项活动”时，应说join sb.in sth.，如可以说join them in the outing，意思是“和他们一起去郊游”。
⑤I don't have a partner to practice English with.
我没有同伴可练习英语。
这里不定式to practice English with作定语，修饰宾语a partner。由于句子整体意思的需要，需在后面加一个介词with，与宾语a partner构成逻辑上的介宾结构，也就是说a partner在逻辑上又是介词with的宾语，这样句子意思才能完整。如此句缺少介词with，则句子意思不完整。再如：
I don't have a pen to write with. Would you please lend me one？
我没有钢笔写字，你能借给我一枝吗？
We invited three more friends to have dinner with.
我又邀请了三位朋友一块儿吃晚饭。
You may think of a topic to talk about.
你可以想一个主题谈一谈。
How I learned to learn English
Last year my English class was difficult for me. First of all⑥, it wasn't easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class⑦. To begin with⑧, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn't understand every word. Later on⑨, I realized⑩that it doesn't matter if you don't understand every word. Also I was afraid11 to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at12 me. I couldn't always make complete sentences, either. Then I started to watch Enrich-language TV. It helped a lot. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. Another thing that I found very difficult13 was English grammar. So I decided to take lots of grammar notes in every class. Then I started to write my own original sentences using the grammar I was learning14. It's amazing15 how much this helped. Now I am enjoying16 learning English and I got an A this term. My teacher is very impressed17.
我是怎么学会学习英语的
去年，英语课对我来说很难。首先，听懂老师讲课对我来说就不容易。刚开始那会儿，老师讲话速度快，我不是每一个单词都能听懂。后来，我意识到是否听懂了每一个单词并没有什么关系。因为担心同学们取笑，所以我也害怕在班上讲英语。我也并不总是能把句子讲完整。再后来，我开始看英语电视节目。看英语电视节目对我的帮助很大。我认为进行大量的听力训练是学好一门语言的密诀之一。我发现很困难的另一方面是英语语法。因此，我决定每节课记大量的语法笔记。课后，我开始用所学的语法知识造句。此举产生了令人叫绝的功效。现在，我喜欢学习英语了。本学期我的英语成绩得了A。我的英语老师对我的进步印象很深。
⑥区别first of all，at first，first和firstly
a．first of all强调某事“首要的一点”“最重要的一点”，意为“首先”，在句中常作插入语。如：
First of all，don't play with fire．首先，别玩火。
First of all, don't come in here without a teacher.
首先，没有老师带领，不要到这里来。
b．at fast意思是“开始”“起初”等，相当于at the beginning of…，指某一动作或行为的开始。如：
At first, I found it was difficult to understand him.
刚接触他那会儿，我对他很不理解。
At first, he didn't like English at all.
开始的时候，他一点儿也不喜欢英语。
At first, they refused to consider it; later they agreed with me.
起初他们拒绝考虑，后来他们同意了（我的意见）。
【注】at first与at the beginning同义，暗含下一个动作与开始完全不同、甚至相反之意。如：At firs I didn't like him but now I do．（最初我不喜欢他，但是现在我喜欢他了。）
c．first一般用来表示顺序，意思是“首先”“第一”等。有时，first相当于for the first time；first of all，但first of all的语气很强。如：
I have to finish this work first／first of all.
首先我必须把这件工作结束。
Do your own work well, first.
首先把你自己的工作做好。
You go first, and I'll try to come up with you later.
你先走，我随后追你去。
Fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium and then to Britain.
逃离了德国之后，爱因斯坦首先到了法国，然后去了比利时，后来又去了英国。
The baby first／for the first time walked when he was 15 months old.
那个小孩儿第一次行走是在他15个月大的时候。
The drama was first／for the first time played in England in 1867.
那部话剧最早是于1867年在英格兰上演的。
【注】first 含有“接下去还有另一个动作或其他一些动作要发生”之意。如：
I must finish my homework first.我必须先完成我的作业。
Work must come first.工作第一嘛。
d．firstly通常也是用来表示顺序的，意思也是“首先”“第一”。这时firstly和first，first of all（但first of all的语气很强）意思一样。如：
This product has two advantages: firstly, it's cheaper and secondly, it runs more quickly.
这种产品有两个优点：一是价格便宜，二是速度快。
Firstly, we should try to learn more English words and phrases. Secondly, we should try to speak and use more English.
首先我们要多掌握单词和词语，其次是要尽可能多说多用。
⑦a．class指代“全班同学”是复数，指代“班级”是单数。如：The class are reading Eng lish.
（全班同学在读英语。）Our class is big.（我们班大。）同样用法的family指家人时是复数，指家庭时是单数。The Green family are at table.（格林一家人正在吃饭。）He lives in a big family.（他生活在一个大家庭里。）
b．classmate是由名词class（班级）加上名词mate（同事，伙伴，朋友）构成的一个合成名词。掌握了这种构词法能够帮助同学们掌握许多具有新词义的词汇。如：classmate同学，classroom教室，schoolmate校友，class book班级记录本，roommate室友，class head班长，playmate小伙伴，workmate工友、合作伙伴。
c．class可表示“班级”。如：
He's in Class 3, Grade 2.
他在二年级三班。
Li Ming isn't in that class.
李明不在那个班级。
d．class可用作老师对全班学生的称呼，意为“同学们”。如：
Good morning, class.同学们好。
Now class, please look at that picture.
同学们，现在请看那幅画。
e．class和lesson都可用来表示某一节课。如“英语课”可说an English class／lesson或a class／lesson in English。“在这节课上”英语是in this class／lesson。但是“在上课的时候”英语是in class，而不说in lesson。如：
We have an English class／lesson today.
今天我们有节英语课。
In this class we'll learn a new song.
在这节课上我们将学一首新歌。
Please listen carefully in class.
课上要认真听讲。
⑧a．此处to begin／start with用作状语，相当于at first，作“起初”解。如：
To start with, the day was fine, but then it began to rain.
开始时天气很好，但后来开始下雨了。
To begin／start with he had no money, but later he became quite rich.
起初他没钱，可后来他相当富了。
b．to begin／start with还可作“首先”“第一”解，用作插入语。如：
To start with, we haven't enough money.
首先，我们没有足够的钱。
To begin with, let me introduce Mr White to you.
首先，请允许我把怀特先生介绍给你。
I'm not going. To begin／start with, I haven't a ticket, and secondly I don't like the play.
我不去。首先我没有票，再者我不喜欢这出戏。
【注】类似的插入语有：to tell you the truth实话跟你说；to begin with首先；to be more
exact更准确地说；to be honest老实说
c．begin和start可与with构成短语，意为“以……开始”“先从……做起”。如：
Let's begin with／start with L.让我们从L开始。
Which side shall we begin with／start with？
我们该从哪一边开始呢？
Knowledge begins with／starts with practice.
认识从实践开始。
【注】表示以某事或某物为开头或开始用begin with／start with，表示以什么方式开头用begin by／start by。如：
The speaker began／started by relating an anecdote to his audience.
演讲人在讲话之前，先当众讲一段轶事开头。
The concert began／started with the national Anthem.
音乐会是以奏国歌开始的。
The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter.
句子的第一个词应以大写字母开头。
⑨later可用作副词，指时间上的“后来”“稍后”，later on表示“以后”“下回”“不久”。later可用来指过去或将来，而later on一般指将来。指将来时，两者区别不大。试比较：
They didn't meet again later.
后来他们再也没见面。
Later they became good friends.后来他们成了好朋友。
Let's talk about it later (on).
这件事我们下次再谈吧。
See you later／soon／again.再见!（不说later on）
It's going to get warmer later on (=soon).
天气不久就要暖和起来。
The clouds will lift later on.乌云稍后会散开的。
【注】later 作形容词时，是late的比较级，意为“较后的”“后来的”“晚期的”如：
The meeting was put off to a later date.
会议延期了。
⑩a．realize（或realise）=understand and believe，作“认识”“了解到”解，可接名词或从句作宾语。如：
Although we may not realize it, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words.
尽管我们还没有意识到，但实际上我们与人交谈时不仅仅是靠言语让对方明白我们的意思。
Does he realize his mistake yet？他认识到自己的错误了吗？
I didn't realize this until you told me.
直到你给我讲了我才意识到这一点。
Don't you realize that it's against the rules to do that？
这样做是违反规定的，这一点你难道不明白吗？
Not until he went outside did he realize how cold it was.
直到他走到外面他才知道天气有多冷。
Finally she realized what I meant.最后她明白了我的意思。
【注】“了解一个人”英语是understand a person，不能说realize a person。realize后面不能接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。
b．realize=turn a hope or a plan into a fact，作“实现”解。如：
Finally he realized his hope of becoming an artist.
最后他实现了当画家的愿望。
Today his wishes will be realized.
今天他的愿望将成为现实。
The next step is how to realize the plan.
下一步是如何实现这一计划。
She realized her dreams when she became a college student.
她实现了自己的梦想，成了一名大学生。
【注】第一用法中的realize属意识性动词，第二用法中的realize属短暂性动词，两者均不能用于进行时态。
【注】come true系表结构只有主动语态，主语为要实现的“想法”或“愿望”；realize通常用作及物动词。如：
We will realize what we hope for.
我们将实现我们所有希望的一切。
Our desires will be realized／will come true sooner or later.
我们的希望迟早会实现的。
11a．afraid在作“害怕”“恐惧”使用时，常常构成be afraid of，be afraid of doing sth.，be afraid to do短语。如：
Were you afraid of the dark when you were a child？
你小的时候，害怕黑暗吗？
Is she afraid of a dog？
她害怕狗吗？
Little Jim is afraid of going to bed in the dark.
小吉姆害怕摸黑上床。
The old man is afraid to travel by air.
那位老人不敢坐飞机旅游。
Harlison is afraid to speak in front of his classmates.
哈里森不敢在同学面前讲话。
She was afraid to walk across the one-logged bridge.
她不敢过这独木桥。
b．afraid在作“担心”“担忧”解时，常常构成be afraid of doing sth.，be afraid for，be afraid that等短语。如：
He is afraid of losing his job.
他担心失业。
He is afraid of failing the test.
他担心考不及格。
Mother is always afraid for her children.
= Mother is always worried about her children.
母亲总是为孩子们的事情担忧。
I'm afraid that you might be late.
我担心你会迟到。
12a．laugh at意为“嘲笑”“因……而笑”，也可表示“漠视”或“把……付诸一笑”。如：
Don't laugh at me.不要嘲笑我。
We all laughed at Lin Tao when he was late again.
当林涛又迟到时，我们都笑了。
They all laughed at Jim's joke.听了吉姆的笑话，他们都笑了。
We should laugh at the difficulties and not be afraid of them.
我们应该漠视困难，而不是畏惧困难。
b．辨别laugh和smile
laugh和smile都可作名词或动词，laugh指“出声地笑”，既有声音，又有表情；而smile表示“（无声地）微笑”，指面部表情。如：
They are laughing over a letter.他们笑着谈论一封信。
He made everyone laugh.他令每个人都笑了。
He laughed best, who laughs last.
谁笑到最后，谁就笑得最好。
He smiled when he saw his little dog.当他看见他的小狗时，他笑了。
The baby smiled to her mother sweetly.婴儿朝她妈妈甜甜地微笑着。
My mother came back with a smile.我妈妈微笑着回来了。
13在Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.一句中，that I found very difficult是定语从句。现将定语从句的一般用法介绍如下：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰词的后面。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。这里我们先讨论限制性定语从句。
a．限制性定语从句使修饰的词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能随便拿掉，否则剩下的主句就会失去意义或意思不清楚，说不明问题。如：
There are many plays that I want to go to.
有很多话剧我想去看。
There is one point where I'd like your advice.
有一点想征求你的意见。
【注】上面句子去掉了定语从句，剩下There are many plays和 There is one point会使人莫名其妙，不知所云，故不能去掉。
b．限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who或that。如：
Is she the girl who／that sells flowers？
她就是卖花的那位姑娘吗？
Do you know the girl who／that came to see Lucy this morning？
你认识今天早上来找露西的女孩吗？
【注】如果这个关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，还可用whom，或者省略掉。如：
Here is the man (who／whom／that) you've been looking for.
这就是你一直在找的人。
He is a man (who／whom／that) you can believe in.
他是一个你能信赖的人。
The people (who／whom／that) you were talking to are from Canada.
刚才和你讲话的那些人是加拿大人。
【注】在介词后只能用whom，不能省略。如：
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
=The girl (who／that) I spoke to is my cousin.
刚才和我讲话的那个女孩是我表妹。
Miss Green is the person to whom you should write.
格林小姐是你应该给她写信的人。
【注】在表示“……的”这个概念时，用所有格whose。如：
Is there anyone in our class whose family is in the northeast？
我们班有谁家在东北吗？
Pass me the book whose color is blue.
把那本封面是蓝色的书传给我。
【注】当关系代词在从句中作表语时，也常可省略掉。如：
She is no longer the girl she was before she went to college.
她已不再是上大学前的她了。
I'm not the fool you thought me.
我不是你想像的那种傻瓜。
c．限制性定语从句如果修饰物，用关系代词that或which。当这个关系代词在从句中作宾语时，往往省略。如：
It is a plan which／that needs more discussion.
这是一个需要更多讨论的计划。
The dress which／that looks the most beautiful is made of silk.
那条看上去最漂亮的裙子是丝制的。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you？
有什么事要我做吗？
All you have to do is to press the button.
你只要把电钮一按就行了。
【注】在介词后只能用which，在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去，这时可以用that，但省略的时候更多一些。如：
The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.
=The tool (that) he is working with is caned a wrench.
他干活用的那个工具叫做扳手。
d．限制性定语从句可用来修饰一个表示时间的词，这时通常用关系副词when。如：
This is the hour when the place is full of children.
这是这个地方挤满孩子的时间。
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
我不会忘记入党的那一天。
e．限制性定语从句在修饰表示地点的名词时，常用关系副词where。如：
I know of a place where we can swim.
我知道一个可以游泳的地方。
Is there a shop around where we can get fruit？
附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗？
【注】where是一个副词，在从句中只能充当状语，如果在从句中不是充当状语就不能用它。如：
This is a place (which) I've long wanted to visit.
这是我长期以来想去的地方。（which作visit的宾语，不能用where。）
They work in a factory that makes radio parts.
他们在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。（that在从句中作主语，不能用where）
f．reason后的定语从句可由why引起，why也常可省略。如：
We'd like to know the reason (why) she didn't accept the job.
我们想知道她没有接受这份工作的原因。
That is the reason (why) I did it.
那就是我这样做的原因。
14此处using the grammar I was learning是传统语法中的现在分词短语，作伴随状语。现在分词作状语除了可以表示伴随情况外，还可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式等情况，与句子主语是主动关系。如：
He died two years ago, leaving his wife three children and lots of debts.
他两年前死了，给他妻子留下三个孩子和一大堆债务。（表伴随）
Working on the farm, he learned a lot.
在农场干活时，他学了不少东西。（表时间）
Climbing to the top of the mountain, we saw a wonderful view.
爬到山顶上，我们看到美丽的景色。（表时间）
When／While crossing the street, you must be careful.
过马路时要小心。（表时间）
Being ill, I stayed at home.我因病在家。（表原因）
Living in the country, he sees little of the world.
他住在乡下，没见过什么世面。（表原因）
He, being a Party member, is strict with himself.
由于是党员，他对自己要求严格。（表原因）
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道这一切，他们还是叫我赔偿损失。（表让步）
It rained hard, causing floods in the city.
雨下得很大，造成市内洪水泛滥。（表结果）
He came to school running.他是跑到学校来的。（表方式）
He arrived home, singing and dancing.
他又唱又跳地回到家。（表方式）
【注】现在分词的完成式：现在分词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：
Having written down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.
警察把我们的名字和地址记下来之后，放了我们。
Not having met him, I can't tell you what he is like.
由于没有见到他，所以不知他人怎么样。
Having been sick so long, I have learned to look after myself.
由于生病很久，所以我学会了照顾自己。
【注】现在分词的完成式的否定式是将not放在动词-ing形式之前，但否定副词never应放在having done中间。如：Having never been there／Not having been there，I can't tell you what the place is like．（因为没去过那儿，所以我无法告诉你那地方是什么样。）
15a．amazing是形容词，相当于surprising，通常指质量或数量“令人惊异或吃惊”。如：
His amazing stories always have strange happenings.
他那些令人惊异的故事总有稀奇古怪的事情发生。
He is an amazing football player.
他是一位令人惊叹的足球运动员。
I like those balloons in amazing colours.
我喜欢那些五彩缤纷的气球。
The new car goes at an amazing speed.
这辆新车开起来速度惊人。
What an amazing (=wonderful) film.
一部多么精彩的影片啊!
b．amazed相当于surprised，表示“吃惊的”“惊异的”，通常指人的情况。如：
I'm amazed by／at what you have told me.
听了你的话，我感到惊愕。
Visitors are often amazed to discover how little the town has changed.
游客们发现这个镇几乎没变，常会感到很惊奇。
I'm amazed (that) you've never heard of him.
你从来没听说过他，我感到很吃惊。
I was amazed at／by his carefulness.
我对他的谨慎感到惊异。
We were amazed to hear the news.
听到这一消息我们都大为吃惊。
There was an amazed expression on her face.
她脸上露出吃惊的表情。
c．amaze是动词，相当于surprise，表示某一情况“使人（难以置信地）吃惊或惊异”。如：
I'm sure the boy's rich knowledge will amaze you.
我相信那个男孩渊博的知识会使你们吃惊。
Dave amazed his friends by suddenly getting married.
戴维突然结婚，让他的朋友们大吃一惊。
His rich knowledge amazed me.
他的丰富的知识令我吃惊。
It amazed us to hear (=We were amazed to hear) that you were leaving office.
听说你要辞职，我们都大为吃惊。
d．amazement是名词，相当于名词surprise。如：
To my amazement she should get first in the contest.
令我吃惊的是，她居然获得竞赛第一名。
We watched the exciting TV play in amazement.
我们惊奇地观看那部令人兴奋的电视剧。
16a．enjoy是动词，相当于love或like，有“欣赏”“喜欢”“喜爱”“享有”“享受”等意思。enjoy常接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：
He enjoys the film very much.
他很喜欢那部电影。
Does your sister enjoy the novel？
你妹妹欣赏那部小说吗？
I enjoy the party, but I have no time to go.
我喜爱舞会，但是没有时间去参加。
Jack enjoys reading English poems in the morning.
杰克喜欢在早上朗读英语诗歌。
Their company enjoys good fame on business.
他们的公司商业信誉良好。
The product enjoys big sale.
这种产品销得很好。
b．enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”，相当于have a good time。如：
Enjoy yourself when you are in Thailand.
祝你在泰国玩得愉快。
Did they enjoy themselves when they stayed in the seaside village？
他们在海边渔村的时候玩得愉快吗？
17a．动词impress意为“使留下深刻印象”“令人称羡”，常与介词with连用，表示“以……给留下印象”之意。impress一词通常不能用于进行时态。如：
What impressed us most about the book was its vivid language.
这本书给我们印象最深的是它生动的语言。
Steve borrowed his dad's sports car to impress his girlfriend.
史蒂夫借来他爸爸的跑车以讨得女友欢心。
The hero impressed us with his courage.
英雄以其勇气给我们留下了深刻的印象。
b．impress常可用于被动结构，此时通常与介词with或by连用。如：
All of us were impressed with their skill.
他们的技术给我们所有的人印象很深。
I was deeply impressed with the changes brought about by the project.
这一工程带来的变化给我留下了深刻的印象。
We're very impressed with the standard of the children's work.
这些儿童作品水平之高，给我们留下了深刻的印象。
He was deeply impressed by what he had seen in China.
在中国见到的一切给他留下了很深的印象。
We're very much impressed by what you've told us.
你谈的情况给我们留下了深刻的印象。
c．动词impress还有“使明白重要性”之意，此时常用于impress on sb. sth.或impress sth.on sb.的结构。如：
My father impressed on me the value of hard work.
我父亲使我明白努力工作的重要性。
She impressed on us the importance of always telling the truth.
她让我们明白永远讲真话的重要性。
d．impression为动词impress的名词形式，表示对人或事物的“印象”“感想”。如：
What's your impression of Frank as a boss？
你对身为老板的弗兰克的印象如何？
Now I have a very different impression of Shanghai.
如今我对上海的印象大不相同了。
Arriving late won't create a very good／favorable impression.
迟到不会给人留下好印象。
It was their first meeting, and Richard was determined to make an impression.
这是他们第一次见面，理查德决心给人留下好印象。
【注】create a good／bad impression意为“留下好／不好印象”；make an impression意为“留下好印象”；the first impression意为“第一印象”。
18…the teacher's pronunciation was poor．
……老师的发音很差。
a．poor在这里形容词，意思是“差劲的”“笨拙的”。如：
My memory is very poor in learning English.
我的英语记忆很不好。
He is a person with a poor mouth.
他是一个拙嘴笨舌的人。
Since he has no chance of listening to a radio, his pronunciation and intonation are quite poor.
因为没有收听条件，他的语音语调相当差劲。
His father was in poor health after the serious sickness.
那次大病之后，他爸爸的健康状况很差。
Tessa is a very good singer, but a very poor swimmer.
苔萨是一位好歌手，但是她的泳技很差。
b．poor还可以作“贫穷的”“简陋的”“贫瘠的”“缺乏的”“可怜的”“不幸的”“低劣的”等。如：
The village is still very poor because of no industries.
因为没有工业，那个村子仍然很贫穷。
The father is too poor to support his family.
父亲太穷，养活不了自己的家庭。
Japan is a poor country in natural resources.
日本是一个自然资源贫乏的国家。
They have a poor crop of wheat this year.
他们的小麦今年欠收了。
The field is so poor that the plants don't grow well.
那块地太贫瘠，庄稼长不好。
No one believes that the old couple are still living in a poor house.
没有人会相信那对老夫妻还在一座破房子里住着。
19...she had trouble making complete sentences.……她在造完整的句子方面有困难。
a．hove trouble／difficulty (in) sth.表示“在做某事方面有困难”，其中trouble／difficulty通常用作不可数名词，前面可用no，much，some，a little，little等词修饰，表示做一件事情的费劲程度。介词的后面通常接动词-ing形式，介词in可用可不用。如：
They had no trouble／difficulty (in) finding his house.
他们毫不费劲地找到了他家。
I have some trouble／difficulty (in) learning English grammar.
我在学习英语语法方面有些困难。
He worked out the problem without any difficulty／trouble.
他毫不费劲地解出了这道题。
I still have trouble／difficulty (in) getting used to American food.
我还是吃不惯美国饭。
Thank you for the trouble you had in helping us.
感谢你劳神帮助我们。
b．hove trouble／difficulty with表示“在方面有困难／麻烦”，with后面常接名词。这一结构中的difficulty有时也可用作复数。如：
They're having a lot of trouble／difficulty with the new baby.
新生的婴儿给他们添了许多麻烦。
I don't have any trouble／difficulty with spelling. I have trouble／difficulty with pronunciation.
我拼写不困难，发音有困难。
Mary have some difficulties with her writing.
玛丽在写作方面有些困难。
20Her English improved when she started...
当她开始……的时候，她的英语得到了提高。
a．improve=make better或become better，意思是“改善”“提高”，可用作及物或不及物动词。如：
My English grammar is improving (=getting better).
=I'm improving in my English grammar.
我的英语语法正在提高。
He's improving in his health. =His health is improving.
他的健康正在好转。
The situation is improving.
形势正在好转。
I wish to improve myself in English.
我希望在英语方面提高一步。(=improve my English)
Do you think he can improve his pronunciation？
你认为他能改进他的发音吗？(=improve himself in pronunciation)
【注】improve 在第一、二、三个例句中为不及物动词，在第四、五个例句中为及物动词。
b．improve 可与介词in，by或with搭配，分别表示在某方面、通过某种方式、或随着……而提高。如：
You can improve your spoken English by practising speaking it every day.
你可以通过每天练习说来提高你的口语。
He has improved much in physics.
他的物理有了很大提高。
Wine improves with age.
酒越陈越好。
【注】This poem cannot be improved．的意思是“这首诗没有什么地方可改了”。
【注】improve的反义词是worsen，意思是“（使……）恶化”。
You must take more exercise and try to improve your health.
你必须多加锻炼，努力增进健康。
He has been working hard, trying his best to improve his English.
(=improve himself in English／to make progress in English)
他一直努力学习，尽力提高英语水平。
We are trying to improve the living conditions of the people.
我们正在努力提高人民的生活水平。
Iraqi people's life is improving.
= Iraqi people are improving their life.
伊拉克人民的生活正在好转。
The economic situation in that country is improving.
= Things are getting better with the economic situation in that country.
那个国家的经济形式正在好转。
【注】improvement是improve的名词形式。improve=make or become better，意思是“改善”“提高”，既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。如：
My grammar is improving.
=I'm improving in grammar.
我的语法正在提高。
He's improving in health.
=His health is improving.
他的体质正在改善。
The situation is improving.
形势正在好转。
I wish to improve myself in English.
我希望提高我的英语水平。
Do you think he can improve his pronunciation？
你认为他能改进他的发音吗？
21Most people speak English as a second language.
大多数人把英语作为第二语言。
a．as在这里意为“作为”，指主语的身份。如：
As a student, it's bad manners to come late to school.
作为一个学生，上学迟到是不礼貌的。
Much as I admire him as a writer I do not love him.
尽管作为一个作家我很钦佩他，但我并不爱他。
He was considered as one of the most important writers of his time.
他被认为是他那个时代最重要的作家之一。
b．“as＋名词”表示以什么身份、什么职业，意为“作为”。“like＋名词”表示方式，意为“像……那样”。如：
As a League member, I should learn from Lei Feng and serve the people heart and soul.
作为一名团员，我应该向雷锋学习，全心全意为人民服务。
Like many other scientists, Einstein loved music, too.
像许多其他科学家一样，爱因斯坦也喜欢音乐。
d．序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词，表示除以上数量外，还有一个。如：a third boy意思是“（除前面两个以外）又一个男孩”，这样用时，序数概念比较弱。
22English can help us understand many new books and movies.
英语有助于我们理解许多新书和电影。
a．help时常用于help sb.(to) do sth.这一结构，表示“帮助某人做某事”，do sth.前可带不定式符号to，也可不带to。如：
Let me help you (to) find it.
我来帮你把它找出来。
Please help me (to) find the school.
请帮我找到这所学校。
We must help her (to) clean the classroom.
我们应该帮她打扫教室。
b．动词help可接名词或人称代词作宾语，表示帮助某人。如要强调在某方面帮助某人，常在help sb.后面接with sth.。如：
Let me help you.我来帮你吧。
Can you help me with the bag.
你能帮我拿一下这只包吗？
I must help her with the work.
我应该帮她做这项工作。
【注】动词make，let，hear，watch，see，feel，have，notice等后面作宾语补足语的不定式一般不带to。如：
The strange thing made me feel thirsty.
这种奇怪的东西让我感到口渴。
I let him do it because he had asked several times.
由于他要求了好几次，因此我就让他做了。
I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.
昨晚，我听到她在楼上房间里走来走去。
Tom watched the strange man come out of the shop with a big box last night.
昨晚，他看着那个陌生人拿着一只大箱子走出了商店。
Did you see Jack take away the magazine？
你看到杰克拿走那本杂志了吗？
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