九乡新闻网雅安到米亚罗怎么坐车:职称考评网考试资讯 2011-8-23
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2003年职称英语考试卫生类(C级)真题及答案
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第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答... 
来自:51pzc.com 1天前第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 I am not certain whether he will come.
A sure
B determined
C sorry
D glad
2 she seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.
A heard
B noticed
C realized
D got
3 Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.
A see
B contact
C help
D touch
4 In short, I am going to live there myself.
A In other words
B That is to say
C To be frank
D In a word
5 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.
A behavior
B style
C mode
D attitude
6 I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.
A making
B keeping
C implementing
D changing
7 Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.
A readily
B casually
C simply
D obviously
8 We all think that Mary’s husband is a very boring person.
A shy
B stupid
C selfish
D dull
9 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A promote
B paint
C polish
D produce
10 they only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
A large
B total
C similar
D small
11 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A influence
B force
C surprise
D power
12 can you follow the plot?
A change
B investigate
C understand
D write
13 Even in a highly modernized country, Manual work is a still needed.
A mental
B physical
C natural
D hard
14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A judgement
B result
C decision
D event
15 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.
A beliefs
B statements
C suggestions
D claims#p#副标题#e#
第二部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇文章，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
A Pay Rise or Not?
“Unless I get a rise, I’ll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley,” George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.
George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn’t like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.
Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises(加工资) for his workers. Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.
His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The Company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him. Manley rubbed his forehead（前额）; his problems seemed endlessl.
16 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The job that had been offered to George Strong in Birmingham paid better.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 If George Strong took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family in Wyeford.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Henry Manley’s company was making enough profits to raise the workers’ wages.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Henry Manley’s company was making enough profits to raise the workers’ wages.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George wanted to see him.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 George Strong was a very creative engineer.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Friendly Relations with the people Around
1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness（归属）that you must have to feel secure. But, In fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himsefl in bound（一定的）to be a lonely wolf.
2 The need for companionship is closely realated to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don’t know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
4 An experience of this kind gives the clue（线索）to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.
5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances（熟人）, you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
23 Paragraph2 ______________
23 Paragraph3 ______________
23 Paragraph4 ______________
23 Paragraph5 ______________
A Close Link Between Companionship and Belongingness
B How to Satisfy Other People’s Needs
C An Example of a Satisfying Relationship
D Difficulties in Establishing Friendships
E What Companionship Really Is
F Making Friends With New Acquaintances
27 If you had no one th share your feelings, your life would be ____________.
28 The warm feeling of belongingness may give you ____________.
29 The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you ____________.
30 You will find it hard to make friends with people _______________.
A sad and lonely
B emotionally healthy
C without real love for them
D a sense of security
E a lonely wolf
F without pity#p#副标题#e#
第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇： What Is Death?
People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the heart stops beating. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life?
This question has caused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal(切除) of undiseased（没病的）organs for transplant（移植） operations.
The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it usually is easy to tell when the brain has died. They put small electrodes(电极) on a person’s skull (头骨) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells. The brain is dead when the waves stop moving.
Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for variouis reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted.
1.People in the past held that the difference between life and death
A.was easy to tell.
B.did not exist.
C.lay in the brain.
D.was open to debate.
2.Which of the following is NOT a phenomenon mentioned in the passage?
A.The heart may keep beating after the brain has died.
B.The body may still be alive after the heart and the brain have stopped working.
C.The brain may still be active after the heart has stopped beating.
D.The lung may keep breathing after the brain has died.
3. When a person should be consider dead is currently a matter
A.which has caused heated argument in the US.
B.which few people in the US care much about.
C.which only doctors can settle.
D.which has already been settled.
4. The brain controls the other body activities through
A.medical devices.
B.small electrodes.
C.the brain waves.
D.the nerve cells.
5. More and more people are beginning to accept the idea that a person is dead
A.when the heart stops beating.
B.when the brain becomes less active.
C.when doctors stop medical treatment.
D.when the brain stops working.
第二篇： New foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people-not their clothes, ideas, or languages – has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree(可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish Introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exit today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “potato Famine(饥荒)” of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country is Africa. It was first made into a drink by Aragbs during the 1400’s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide- awake” feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
36 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A Clothing
B Food
C Ideology
D Language
37 “some” in the last sentence of the first paragragh refers to
A some cocoa trees
B some chocolate drinks
C some South American Indians
D some shops
38 Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine” because
A they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else
B they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
C the potato harvest was bad
D the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.
39 Which country is the largest coffee producer?
A Colombia
B Brazil
C Ethiopia.
E Egypt
40 Which of the following statements is Not True, Acoording to the passage?
A Coffee is native to colombia
B One-third of the world’s population drinks coffee.
C Coffee can keep one awake.
D Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.#p#副标题#e#
第三篇： Giving Up Smoking
A number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine(尼古丁) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive(粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream. Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed.
The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoking and easily admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine(可卡因) , alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim.
The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark.
In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warming on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read:“Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerouis to Your Health.”In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces.
1. Which of the following can help a person quit smoking?
A.Using nicotine patches.
B.Reading cigarette advertisements.
C.Chewing ordinary gum.
D.Participating in social activities.
2. Nicotine gum is used to help a smoker
A.stop smoking
B.reduce weight.
C.clean his teeth.
D.absorb nicotine immediately.
3. The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPT
A.the reduction of expenses.
B.the formation of a good habit.
C.the reduction of harm to one’s health.
D.easier access to institutions that ban smoking.
4.Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful?
A.Consuming alcohol.
B.Using heroin.
C.Smoking cigarettes.
D.Taking cocaine.
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking?
A.Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.
B.Forbidding smoking in all public places.
C.Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV.
D.Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应位置上。
Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease
Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a histotry of the heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. _____________(46) I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didn’t take it seriouly.
When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol（胆固醇）level was measured for the first time.It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me- an extremely high level that put me at a very high high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health（NIH）to be screened for participation in a clinical trial._____________(47)
At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery（动脉） up to the heart._____________（48）
Learning about the risks of the experiment as well sa the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life.
For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol.___________(49) But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick.This was hard to take.
This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family histaory, it could not be ignored.________________(50)
A Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate.
B I was three years old at that time.
C There is not enough oxygen in the blood.
D It was a heart attack just waiting to happen
E The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.
F The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured.#p#副标题#e#
第6部分： 完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Great Newspaper War
Up until about 100 years ago, newspapers in the United States appealed only to the most serious readers. They used no illustrations and the articles were__________(51)politics or business.
Two men_________(52) that –Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Morning Journal. Pulitzer_________(53) the New York World in 1883. he changed it form a traditional newspaper into a very_________(54) one overnight(一夜之间). He__________(55) lots of illustrations and cartoons. And he told his reporters to write articles on__________(56) crime or scandal they could find. And they did. One of them even pretended she was crazy and then she was__________(57) to a mental hospital. She them wrote a series of articles about the poor_________(58)of patients in those hospitals.
In 1895, Hearst___________(59) to New York from California. He wanted the New York Morning Journal to be more sensational(轰动的) and more exciting_____________(60) the New York World. He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he_______________(61) the price by a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his headlines were bigger than_________(62). He often said, “Big print makes big news.”
Pulitzer and Hearst did anything they_____________(63) to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator(插图画家), to_____________(64) pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was___________(65). Hearst answered, “You furnish (提供) the pictures. I’ll furnish the war.”
51. A about B in C with D of
52 A accepted B developed C started D changed
53 A published B bought C issued D printed
54 A boring B practical C exciting D natural
55 A cancelled B approved C solved D added
56 A every B all C both D many
57 A invited B admitted C accepted D called
58 A treatment B reputation C work D results
59 A arrived B reached C changed D came
60 A than B as C in D for
61 A increased B reduced C fixed D offered
62 A anyone B anyone’s C anyone else D anyone else’s
63 A may B might C must D could
64 A get B keep C draw D make
65 A going B lasting C going on D taking on
答案
满分100分，其中：1- 30每题1分：31-45每题3分：46-50每题2分：51－65每题1分。
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A
6 C 7 D 8 D 9 D 10 D
11 A 12 C 13B 14B 15 A
16 C 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 B
21 B 22 C 23 A 24 C 25 E
26 F 27 A 28 D 29 B 30 C
31 A 32 B 33 A 34 D 35 D
36 B 37 D 38 C 39 B 40 A
41 A 42 A 43 B 44 C 45 B
46 B 47 E 48 F 49 D 50 A
51 A 52D 53B 54 C 55D
56 A 57 B 58 A 59 D 60 A
61 B 62D 63 D 64 C 65 C
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第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A influence B force C surprise D power
2 Can you follow the plot?
A change B investigate C understand D write
3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A mental B physical C natural D hard
4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A judgment B result C decision D event
5 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.
A beliefs B statements C suggestions D claims
6 Up to now, the work has been easy.
A So B So long C So far D So that
7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges.
A supposed B excited C discussed D suggested
8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.
A Afterwards B Therefore C However D Furthermore
9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.
A sight B view C look D point
10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A tensely B nearly C closely D carefully
11The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A invented B explained C considered D accepted
12 He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A heavy B strong C wild D kind
13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy
A making B taking C expecting D discussing
14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.
A waste B buy C sell D use
15 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A function B ability C volume D power
第2部分： 阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U>S> Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.
16 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body’s immune cells.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned #p#副标题#e#
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Friendly Relations with the People Around
You depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness （归属）that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them, a person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.
The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don't know them. when the game is over, you will go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companionships become friends when these ties are formed.
When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance(熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
23. Paragraph 2_____.
24. Paragraph 3_____.
25. Paragraph 4_____.
26. Paragraph 5_____.
A. Close link between companionship and belongingness
B. How to satisfy other people's needs
C. An example of a satisfying relationship
D. Difficulties in establishing friendships
E. What companionship really is
F. Making friends with new acquaintances
27. If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be____.
28. The warm feelings of belongingness may give you ____.
29. The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you ____.
30. You will find it hard to make friends with people ____.
A. sad and lonely
B. emotionally health
C. without real love for them
D. a sense of security
E. a lonely wolf
F. without pity
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Giving Up Smoking
A number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine(尼古丁) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive(粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream. Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed.
The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoking and easily admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim.
The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark.
In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warming on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read:“Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.”In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces.
31．Which of the following can help a person quit smoking?
A. Using nicotine patches.
B. Reading cigarette advertisements.
C. Chewing ordinary gum.
D. Participating in social activities.
32. Nicotine gum is used to help a smoker
A. stop smoking
B. reduce weight
C. clean his teeth
D. absorb nicotine immediately
33. The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPT
A. the reduction of expenses.
B. the formation of a good habit.
C. the reduction of harm to one’s health.
D. easier access to institutions that ban smoking.
34. Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful?
A. Consuming alcohol.
B. Using heroin.
C. Smoking cigarettes.
D. Taking cocaine.
35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking?
A. Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.
B. Forbidding smoking in all public places.
C. Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV.
D. Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.#p#副标题#e#
第二篇 Effects of Exercise on Elderly Diabetics(糖尿病人)
Most older people with so-called type II diabetes(糖尿病) could stop taking insulin(胰岛素) if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just there times a week , according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper, Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication(药物治疗) today.
Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked.
Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both group. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,” Dela said.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas(胰腺) , controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.
Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.
Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.
36. What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type II diabetes?
A. It can worsen their symptoms.
B. It can help the body make better use of insulin.
C. It can help them to eat more.
D. It can cure them of the disease.
37. The exercise that the researchers tried on their test subjects was
A. cycling six times a week for three months.
B. walking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week.
C. swimming twice a day.
D. running once a day.
38. The researchers checked how well the test subjects’ insulin worked by measuring
A. the blood sugar level in their bodies.
B. the length of time they could cycle in one breath.
C. the amount of sugar their muscles could make use of.
D. the amount of insulin they took.
39. It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwise
A. their symptoms will get worse.
B. the blood sugar level will go up.
C. their condition will be out of control.
D. the desired effect cannot be achieved.
40. It can be seen from the passage that most diabetics are ignorant of
A. the significance of regular exercise.
B. the necessity of watching their diet.
C. the need to control their weight.
D. the consequences of taking too much insulin.
第三篇 First Aid
First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway（气道）,and breathing , in minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition form turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal(脊柱的) injury and paralysis(瘫痪).
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess, the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given ,and preexisting conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet(手镯)or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym(首字母缩写词)ABC, which stands for:
A---Airway: Is it open and clear?
B---Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C---Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
41 First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT
A saving a victim’s life.
B preventing a victim’s condition from getting worse.
C relieving a victim from pain.
D helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury
42 Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us
A to make sure what to do and what not to do
B to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid.
C to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing.
D to take him to a hospital at once
43 In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of all
A remove him from the accident scene.
B turn him over
C call for professional medical help
D examine him care fully
44 You may assess a victim’s condition by all the following EXCEPT
A checking whether there is a pulse.
B looking, listening and feeling for breathing.
C replacing his medical bracelet or card.
D examining whether the airway is open and clear.
45 The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader
A the importance of protecting the accident scene.
B some basic facts about first aid
C what professional medical help is
D who ca administer first aid. #p#副标题#e#
第5部分： 补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease
Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of the heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. _____________(46) I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didn’t take it seriously.
When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol（胆固醇）level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me- an extremely high level that put me at a very high high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health（NIH）to be screened for participation in a clinical trial._____________(47)
At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery（动脉） up to the heart._____________（48）
Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life.
For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol.___________(49) But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick. This was hard to take.
This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family history, it could not be ignored.________________(50)
A Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate.
B I was three years old at that time.
C There is not enough oxygen in the blood.
D It was a heart attack just waiting to happen
E The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.
F The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured.
第6部分： 完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上
A Special Clock
Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock________(51) plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to __________(52) the protective cocoon (防护卵袋) and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.
Events outside the plant and animal__________(53) the actions of some biological clocks . Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the __________(54) of hours of daylight. In the short_________(55) of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in _________(56) in the longer hours of daylight in summer.
Inner signals control other _________(57) clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration_________(58) twice each year. Birds _________(59) from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, _________(60) they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.
Scientists say they are beginning to learn which _________(61) of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain__________(62) to control the timing of some of our actions. These __________(63) tell a person when to wake, when to _________(64) and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that __________(65) other body activities.
51 A says B asks C talks D tells
52 A reach B leave C escape D enter
53 A affect B adopt C avoid D express
54 A time B value C amount D number
55 A days B months C minutes D weeks
56 A shape B type C form D color
57 A physical B biological C mental D portable
58 A operation B flight C movement D transportation
59 A derived B prevented C originated D protected
60 A but B unless C therefore D if
61 A parts B ideas C sorts D images
62 A tries B likes C seems D wants
63 A functions B places C actions D cells
64 A lie B sleep C stand D walk
65 A build B demand C reflect D control
答案：
1A 2C 3B 4B 5A
6C 7D 8B 9B 10C
11B 12D 13D 14D 15C
16B 17B 18A 19A 20C
21B 22C 23A 24C 25E
26F 27A 28D 29B 30C
31A 32A 33B 34C 35B
36B 37A 38C 39D 40A
41D 42A 43C 44C 45B
46B 47E 48 F 49D 50A
51D 52 B 53A 54D 55A
56D 57B 58B 59B 60A
61A 62C 63D 64B 65D
文章分类: [历年真题] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
发给好友 | 转发到QQ空间 | 保存到记事本2003年职称英语考试卫生类(A级)真题及答案阅读原文
第1部分：词汇选择 1．The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A. invented B. explai... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第1部分：词汇选择
1．The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A. invented
B. explained
C. considered
D. accepted
2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A. heavy
B. strong
C. wild
D. kind
3.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.
A. making
B. taking
C. expecting
D. discussing
4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.
A. waste
B. buy
C. sell
D. use
5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A. function
B. ability
C. volume
D. power
6.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A. tensely
B. nearly
C. closely
D. carefully
7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.
A. excited
B. supported
C. inspired
D. directed
8.The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.
A. clean
B. perfect
C. brief
D. real
9.It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.
A. suggested
B. warned
C. confirmed
D. stated
10.The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock.
A. began
B. continued
C. resumed
D. ended
11.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.
A. substitute
B .sign
C. proof
D. target
12.However bad the situation is , the majority is unwilling to risk change.
A. eager
B. reluctant
C. pleased
D. angry
13.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.
A. control
B. limit
C. replace
D. offset
14.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.
A. investigate
B. deny
C. stress
D. create
15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A. suddenly
B. gradually
C. excessively
D. exceptionally#p#副标题#e#
第2部分：阅读判断
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U>S> Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.
1 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3 HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4 The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body’s immune cells.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5 Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
Exercising Your Memory
1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it help by letting your mind go.
2 That's not to say that memory doesn't change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime).
3 Short-term memory isn't mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes through life. It's not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory.
4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈的，迟钝的) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It's no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life.
5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active -- reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking -- and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity.
6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention（保持力，记忆力）, the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost -- whether they still exist in the brain nut our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages.
7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.
23. Paragraph 3_________
24. Paragraph 4 _________
25. Paragraph 5_________
26. Paragraph 6 ___________
A. Effects of aging on a person's recall ability
B. short-term memory versus long-term memory
C. retention as the second necessity for memory
D. like between learning strategies and effective memory skills
E. Significance of exercising your muscles
F. importance of staying intellectually active
27. Retention refers to _____________.
28. The rate of forgetting is the same _____________.
29. Remembering something all your life _____________.
30. Exercising your brain every day is beneficial _____________.
A. to the proper function of your memory
B. is called long-term memory
C. the capacity to store what you have learned
D. belongs to every long-term memory
E. the ability to remain mentally healthy
F. for younger and older people#p#副标题#e#
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇 First Aid
First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway(气道),and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal(脊柱的) injury and paralysis(瘫痪).
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet(手镯) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym(首字母缩写词) ABC, which stands for:
A- Airway: is it open and clear?
B- Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C- Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
31.First aid may bring about all the following results EXPECT
A. saving a victim’s life.
B. preventing a victim’s condition from getting worse.
C. relieving a victim from pain.
D. helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury.
32.Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us
A. to make sure what to do and what not to do.
B. to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid.
C. to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing.
D. to take him to a hospital at once.
33.In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of all
A. remove him from the accident scene.
B. turn him over.
C. call for professional medical help.
D. examine him carefully.
34.You may assess a victim’s condition by all the following EXPECT
A. checking whether there is a pulse.
B. looking ,listening and feeling for breathing.
C. replacing his medical bracelet or card.
D. examining whether the airway is open and clear.
35.The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader
A. the importance of protecting the accident scene.
B. some basic facts about first aid.
C. what professional medical help is.
D. who can administer first aid.
第二篇 Stress at Work and Still Healthy
The term could yet become the word of the year; stress is on everyone’s lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers, officials and teachers are complaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under-or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow. But that is only the negative aspect. Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality(活力).
“Firstly, stress is healthy,” says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle. The doctor and management consultant says:” It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance.” Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature: ”There is no such thing as a stress-free life.”
But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration（持续时间）, its cause or causes and the sufferer’s personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are relaxed and successful, will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.
Exercise, healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita Voelker-Albert, spokeswoman for the government’s Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign “Gut Drauf” (Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agency’s research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed(负担过重)and under stress. Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines(偏头痛)and indigestion(消化不良),nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.
But even the best solutions don’t work if they are not put into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga(瑜伽功)and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend.
36.Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?
A. Stress has both positive and negative aspects.
B. Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.
C. Stress only leads to serious problems.
D. Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.
37. A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel
A. fit and healthy.
B. under-or overworked.
C. relaxed and happy.
D. irritated, tired and exhausted.
38. Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?
A. Those who suffer from the flu.
B. Those who are in good moods.
C. Those who are successful.
D. Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.
39. All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECT
A. painful headache.
B. indigestion.
C. nervousness and concentration problems.
D. loss of memory.
40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?
A. Reading good literature.
B. Practicing yoga.
C. Having a healthy diet.
D. Working overtime.#p#副标题#e#
第三篇 Is the News Believable?
Unless you have gone through the experience yourself, or watched a loved one’s struggle, you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you. You pray, you rage, you bargain with God, but most of all you clutch at any hope, no matter how remote, of a second chance at life.
For a few excited days last week, however, it seemed as if the whole world was a cancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve(痛苦减轻) . Triggered by a front-page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times, all anybody was talking about--- on the radio, on television, on the Internet, in phone calls to friends and relatives----was the report that a combination of two new drugs could , as the Times put it, “cure cancer in two years.”
In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors’ phone lines begging for a chance to test the miracle cancer cure. Cancer scientists raced to the phones to make sure everyone knew about their research too, generating a new round of headlines.
The time certainly seemed ripe for a breakthrough in cancer. Only last month scientists at the National Cancer Institute announced that they were halting a clinical trial of a drug called tamoxifen (他莫昔芬) ------ and offering it to patients getting the placebo(安慰剂) -----because it had proved so effective at preventing breast cancer (although it also seemed to increase the risk of uterine(子宫的) cancer). Two weeks later came the New York Times’ report that two new drugs could shrink tumors of every variety without any side effects whatsoever.
It all seemed too good to be true, and of course it was. There are no miracle cancer drugs, at least not yet. At this stage all the drug manufactures can offer is some very interesting molecules, and the only cancers they have cured so far have been in mice. By the middle of last week, even the TV talk-show hosts who talked most about the news had learned what every scientist already knew : that curing a disease in lab animals is not the same as doing it in humans. “The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancer in the mouse,” Dr. Richard Klausner, head of the National Cancer Institute, told the Los Angeles Times. “We have cured mice of cancer for decades---and it simply didn’t work in people.”
41.According to the passage, a person suffering from cancer will
A. give up any hope.
B. pray for the health of his loved ones.
C. seize every chance of survival.
D. go out of his way to help others.
42. The unprecedented interest in the cure of cancer was aroused by
A. a nationwide discussion of the topic.
B. an announcement by the National Cancer Institute.
C. a medical news story in the Los Angeles Times.
D. a report in the New York Times.
43. According to the New York Times’ report, a combination of two new drugs could
A. prevent breast cancer.
B. reduce the size of all tumors.
C. cure various diseases.
D. prevent uterine cancer.
44. In the first sentence of the last paragraph, “it was ” means
A. “it was too good to be true.”
B. “it was true.”
C. “it was a miracle drug.”
D. “it was good.”
45. The history of cancer research has shown that
A. miracle cancer drugs often turn up unexpectedly.
B. the mass media can work wonders.
C. animals and humans are similar in behaviour.
D. curing cancers in mice is much easier than in humans.
第5部分：补全短文
A New Medicine to Treat Both AIDS and Hepatitis B
A medicine approved last moth to treat AIDS(艾滋病) also shows promise against hepatitis B(乙 肝炎).
The drug, 3TC, puts down the hepatitis B virus in people with chronic infections, stopping its damage to the liver, researchers reported.
About one million Americans are thought to be infected with hepatitis B, which can lead to cirrhosis(肝硬化),liver failure and liver cancer in a small proportion of victims if left untreated.__________(46).
“ It’s a preliminary study, but this is promising. It looks like it has the potential to make a significant impact on hepatitis B,” said Dr Jules L.Dienstag of Massachusetts General Hospital, who directed the study.
Currently the only treatment for hepatitis B is interferon(干扰素). Such a treatment can permanently eliminate the virus in about one-third of patients.___________(47).
In the latest study, doctors found that 3TC appeared to knock out the virus permanently in about 20%of patients when given for three months.___________(48)
Unlike interferon; 3TC is given in pill form and carries few side effects. The drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November for use against AIDS.
Both the hepatitis B virus and the AIDS virus need a protein to reproduce.___________(49). Doctors have tested similar AIDS drugs against hepatitis B. but all except 3TC have turned out to be ineffective or too toxic(有毒的)。
Dr Jay Hoofnagle of the National Institutes of Health said a next step will be to combine 3TC with interferon to see if the two drugs together improve the chance of curing hepatitis B. “It looks extremely promising,” he said of 3TC__________(50)
A interferon must be injected for four to six months and often has unpleasant side effects, including flu-like symptoms, fatigue and depression.
B The hospital is among the biggest ones in America.
C Dienstag said he hopes that with longer treatment, this response rate can be doubled.
D “It’s not the answer, but it’s a step in the right direction.”
E Perhaps20% of these patients have lingering(迁延性的) infections that would benefit f from treatment.
F 3TC is one of a group of drugs that block production of this protein.#p#副标题#e#
第6部分： 完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上
A Special Clock
Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock________(51) plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to __________(52) the protective cocoon (防护卵袋) and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.
Events outside the plant and animal__________(53) the actions of some biological clocks . Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the __________(54) of hours of daylight. In the short_________(55) of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in _________(56) in the longer hours of daylight in summer.
Inner signals control other _________(57) clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration_________(58) twice each year. Birds _________(59) from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, _________(60) they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.
Scientists say they are beginning to learn which _________(61) of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain__________(62) to control the timing of some of our actions. These __________(63) tell a person when to wake, when to _________(64) and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that __________(65) other body activities.
51 A says B asks C talks D tells
52 A reach B leave C escape D enter
53 A affect B adopt C avoid D express
54 A time B value C amount D number
55 A days B months C minutes D weeks
56 A shape B type C form D color
57 A physical B biological C mental D portable
58 A operation B flight C movement D transportation
59 A derived B prevented C originated D protected
60 A but B unless C therefore D if
61 A parts B ideas C sorts D images
62 A tries B likes C seems D wants
63 A functions B places C actions D cells
64 A lie B sleep C stand D walk
65 A build B demand C reflect D control
答案：
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C
6.C 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D
11.B 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.B
16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C
21.B 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.F
26.C 27.C 28.F 29.D 30.A
31.D 32.A 33.C 34.C 35.B
36.C 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.D
41.C 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.D
46.E 47.A 48.C 49.F 50.D
51.D 52.B 53.A 54.D 55.A
56.D 57.B 58.B 59.B 60.A
61.A 62.C 63.D 64.B 65.D
文章分类: [历年真题] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
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第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. I am not certain whether he will come.
A determined B sure
C sorry D glad
2. She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.
A noticed B heard
C realized D got
3. Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.
A contact B see
C help D touch
4. In short, I am going to live there myself.
A In other words B That is to say
C In a word D To be frank
5. He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.
A style B behavior
C mode D attitude
6. I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.
A making B keeping
C changing D implementing
7. Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.
A readily B casually
C obviously D simply
8. We all think that Mary’s husband is a very boring person.
A shy B stupid
C dull D selfish
9. The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A promote B paint
C produce D polish
10. They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
A large B total
C small D similar
11. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A force B influence
C surprise D power
12. Can you follow the plot?
A change B investigate
C write D understand
13. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A physical B mental
C natural D hard
14. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A result B judgment
C decision D event
15. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.
A statements B beliefs
C suggestions D claims#p#副标题#e#
第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
The Threat to Kiribati
The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati.
What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (极地的) ice caps.
If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate – they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone’s loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.
The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don’t have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.
16. The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17. High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18. The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19. Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20. The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21. The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22. Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned#p#副标题#e#
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Robots
1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.
3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
23. Paragraph 2 _____________
24. Paragraph 3 _____________
25. Paragraph 5 _____________
26. Paragraph 6 _____________
27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are __________.
28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because ________.
29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume ___________.
30. The use of robots increases ___________.
A too much energyB based on American designsC they are too costlyD they are not reliableE quality controlF free of charge#p#副标题#e#
第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Eta Carinae
As possibly the galaxy’s (银河) most massive star, Eta Carinae is now engaging in some very unusual behaviour. Australian astronomers, being in the Southern Hemisphere (半球), are able to observe it clearly.
In the 19th century, Eta Carinae was for a time the third brightest star in the sky. It has now become less bright so that binoculars (双筒望远镜 )are needed to see it. “It seems to be brightening and becoming less bright over a period of many years”, said Dr Bob Duncan from the Australia Telescope National Facility.
While it is not unusual for stars to vary in brightness, the period is usually much shorter. “Since 1992 it has become four times brighter, and then last year it began to drop dramatically,” he said.
The problem in observing Eta Carinae is that it has been surrounded by a cloud of gas and dust, making it hard to see the star directly. However, radio waves and infrared light (红外线)can pass through this cloud, so telescopes that receive these wavelengths can observe what is occurring.
Eta Carinae is of particular interest to astronomers because it seems to be in its death throes（剧痛）. Being so large it will end up as a supernova (超新星). There has not been a supernova in our galaxy since the invention of the telescope. While a 1987 explosion in a nearby galaxy gave astronomers plenty of valuable data, they are hungry for an even closer look.
Eta Carinae has other unique features, and is the only star known to produce an ultraviolet(紫外线)laser that is brighter than that produced by the Sun. Lasers have been observed in other frequencies from a few stars.
31. Eta Carinae is now engaging in
A. some very common behaviour
B. some very dull behaviour
C. some very frightening behaviour.
D. some very strange behaviour
32. The word “period” in Paragraph 3 means the length of time
A. over which star vary in brightness
B. for which Eta carinae’s brightening lasts.
C. Eta carinae takes to become a supernova.
D. it takes the laser from Eta carinae to travel to the earth.
33. Eta Carinae is hard to observe because
A. it is too far away.
B. there is too much dust and gas around it.
C. the binoculars are not powerful enough.
D. it does not send out infrared light.
34. Astronomers are particularly interested in Eta Carinae because
A. it is in its final stage.
B. it is a supernova.
C. it exploded in 1987.
D. it is brighter than the sun.
35. Which of the following statements about Eta Carinae is NOT true?
A. It will end up as a supernova.
B. It can be seen only through binoculars.
C. It is the only star that sends out an ultraviolet laser.
D. Its ultraviolet laser is brighter than that of the Sun.#p#副标题#e#
第二篇 New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people – not their clothes, ideas, or languages – has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the coca tree (可可树)by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine(饥荒)” of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arab during the 1400’s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person name Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
36. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A. Food
B. Clothing
C. Ideology.
D. Language.
37. “Some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A. some cocoa trees.
B. some chocolate drinks.
C. some shops.
D. some south american indians.
38. Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine” because
A. they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else.
B. they were forced to leave their homeland and move to america.
C. the weather conditions in ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.
D. the potato harvest was bad.
39. Which country is the largest coffee producer?
A. Brazil.
B. Colombia.
C. Ethiopia.
D. Egypt.
40. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. One third of the world’s population drinks coffee.
B. Coffee is native to Colombia.
C. Coffee can keep one awake.
D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.#p#副标题#e#
第三篇 London’s First Light Rail System
The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) took just three years to build at a cost of ?77 million. It is London’s first Light Rail System, but its route follows that of a number of older lines, which carried the nineteenth century railways through the crowed districts of the East End.
The section of the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar follows the line of one of London’s earliest railways, the London & Blackwell (1840), a cable-drawn railway (later converted to steam) which carried passengers to steam ships at Blackwell Pier, and provided transport for the messengers and clerks who went backwards and forwards between the docks (码头) and the city every day.
From Poplar to Island Gardens, a new line crosses high above the dock waters, and then joins the old track of the Millwall Extension Railway, built to service the Millwall Docks (1868) and to provide transport for workers in the local factories. This line was horse-drawn for part of its route, until the 1880s.
The Polar to Stratford section of the DLR route was first developed by the North London Railway, built in the 1850s to link the West and East India Docks with the manufacturing districts of the Midlands and North of England. There were major railway works and sidings (岔线)at Bow until recently.
The trains are automatically controlled from a central computer, which deals with all signaling and other safety factors, as well as adjusting speeds to keep within the timetable; on board each vehicle, Train Captains, who are also fully qualified drivers, are equipped with two-way radios to maintain contact with central control. There are passenger lifts, and self-service ticket machines, at every station.
41. The passage tells us that London’s first Light Rail System.
A. was constructed in the nineteenth century.
B. will be finished in three years’ time.
C. follows some of the original lines.
D. took three years longer than expected to complete.
42. We learn from the passage that the London & Blackwell railway
A. now carries passengers to and from the docks.
B. was a busy line a few years ago.
C. used to employ many messengers and clerks.
D. was not originally a steam railway.
43. “This line” in Paragraph 3 refers to
A. the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar.
B. the line from Poplar to Island Gardens.
C. the Millwall Extension Railway.
D. the line from Poplar to Stratford.
44. It appears that the Poplar to Stratford section of the DLR route was originally developed to
A. promote travel in the Midlands.
B. encourage trade with the North of England.
C. create employment.
D. make the transport of goods easier.
45. The trains on the DLR are controlled by
A. an on-board central computer.
B. a computer engineer on board.
C. two-way radios operated by the drivers.
D. a computer center based somewhere along the line.#p#副标题#e#
第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Success Stories
One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968. _________ (46) Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.
The first principle in Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality. ___________ (47) He created clothes to match people’s wants: the style is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent.
The System Link in another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes. _________ (48).
The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people’s demands. _____________ (49) This information is then sent to the main office in Italy. Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.
A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benetton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window display, and the same approach to sales. ______________ (50)
The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.
A The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.
B There used to be a good reason for this.
C When something is sold at a Benetton store, the store records information about the type, size, and color of the item.
D Today, there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.
E This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.
F In other words, Benetton’s clothes are made to order.#p#副标题#e#
第6部分：完形填空 （第51—65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind
If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building – and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could ____________ (51) all that with directional (定向的) sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert, a company run __________ (52) the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for ______________ (53) people in Sommerset and a resource center for the blind in Cambria. The alarms produce a _____ (54) range of frequencies that enable the brain to ________ (55) where the sound is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be __________ (56) by humans. “It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static (静电噪音) on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is ______ (57).”
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging (热效应成像)cameras trying to find their _________ (58) out of a large smoke-filled room. It ________ (59) them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, ________ (60) only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain ______ (61) sounds at the university. She says that the _________ (62) of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed (精确地确定) more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms ___________ (63) on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to _________ (64) whether people should go up or down stairs. They were ______________ (65) with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
51 A change B cure C demand D set
52 A to B along C by D with
53 A slow B deaf C blind D lame
54 A close B wide C small D high
55 A form B affect C create D determine
56 A watched B made C learnt D heard
57 A unlikely B uncertain C great D little
58 A life B way C method D skill
59 A took B spent C used D had
60 A but B even C so D if
61 A processes B produces C takes D refuses
62 A feature B quality C diagram D source
63 A accepted B based C kept D focused
64 A describe B demand C consider D indicate
65 A developed B bought C discovered D sent
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类(C级) 答案
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. B
16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. E 25. C
26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. E
31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. C
36. A 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B
41. C 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. A
46. D 47. A 48. F 49. C 50. E
51. A 52. C 53. C 54. B 55. D
56. D 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. A
61. A 62. D 63. B 64. D 65. D
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第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A force B influence
C surprise D power
2. Can you follow the plot?
A change B investigate
C write D understand
3. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A physical B mental
C natural D hard
4. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A result B judgment
C decision D event
5. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.
A statements B beliefs
C suggestions D claims
6. Up to now, the work has been easy.
A So B So long
C So that D So far
7. The report advocated setting up day training colleges.
A supposed B excited
C suggested D discussed
8. Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.
A Therefore B Afterwards
C However D Furthermore
9. The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.
A view B sight
C look D point
10. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A tensely B nearly
C carefully D closely
11. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A explained B invented
C considered D accepted
12. He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A heavy B strong
C kind D wild
13. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.
A making B taking
C discussing D expecting
14. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.
A waste B buy
C use D sell
15. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A function B ability
C power D volume
第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
The Threat to Kiribati
The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati.
What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (极地的) ice caps.
If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate – they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone’s loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.
The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don’t have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.
16. The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17. High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18. The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19. Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20. The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21. The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22. Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned#p#副标题#e#
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Robots
1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.
3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
23. Paragraph 2 _____________
24. Paragraph 3 _____________
25. Paragraph 5 _____________
26. Paragraph 6 _____________
27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are __________.
28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because ________.
29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume ___________.
30. The use of robots increases ___________.
A too much energyB based on American designsC they are too costlyD they are not reliableE quality controlF free of charge
第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people – not their clothes, ideas, or languages – has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the coca tree (可可树)by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine(饥荒)” of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arab during the 1400’s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person name Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
31. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A. Food
B. Clothing
C. Ideology.
D. Language.
32. “Some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A. some cocoa trees.
B. some chocolate drinks.
C. some shops.
D. some south american indians.
33. Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine” because
A. they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else.
B. they were forced to leave their homeland and move to america.
C. the weather conditions in ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.
D. the potato harvest was bad.
34. Which country is the largest coffee producer?
A. Brazil.
B. Colombia.
C. Ethiopia.
D. Egypt.
35. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. One third of the world’s population drinks coffee.
B. Coffee is native to Colombia.
C. Coffee can keep one awake.
D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.#p#副标题#e#
第二篇 Please Fasten Your Seatbelts
Severe turbulence (湍流) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test flights over the Rocky Mountains, NASA (美国航空航天局) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds before an aircraft hits it.
Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去) passengers about the cabin. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines flight over the Pacific to drop 300 metres in a few seconds.
However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. “It is the only antidote (对策) for this sort of things,” says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.
The centre’s new turbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser radar, Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique depends on the Doppler effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In calm air, the speed equals the plane’s airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence.
In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repeatedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometres ahead, and its forecasts of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered.
Bogue says that he had “ a comfortable amount of time” to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidar’s range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial aircraft in the next few years.
36. What does “clear-air turbulence” probably mean? (Paragraph 1)
A A not very rough storm.
B Unexpected disturbed air.
C A kind of visible storm.
D A storm over mountain ridges.
37. In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough air,
A causing a lot of damage to the plane.
B throwing its passengers out of the cabin.
C resulting in heavy casualties.
D forcing the pilot to make an emergency landing.
38. The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuring
A the speed of the plane.
B the speed of the light.
C the number of particles in the air.
D the changes of the particles’ speed.
39. We can infer from the fifth paragraph that
A the lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulence.
B researchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detector.
C passenger planes will be used in further experiments.
D no more test flights are needed.
40. The last paragraph tells us, among other things, that
A the lidar detector needs improvement.
B many airlines are interested in the system.
C passengers often forget to fasten their seatbelts.
D the lidar detector can be used in a wide range of areas.
第三篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
41 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A They are students at Sussex University.
B They are rice breeders.
C They are husband and wife
D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
42 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
43 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B The water table has gone down after droughts.
C Sea level has been continuously rising.
D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.
44 The word “affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A “influence”
B “effect”
C “stop”
D “present”
45 The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A positive
B negative.
C suspicious
D indifferent.#p#副标题#e#
第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Looking into the Future
Bertrand Russell, a famous philosopher, said in 1944, “The one thing the study of the past teaches us is that the future is never how people imagine it will be.”
In 1946, physicists predicted that within twenty years, most of the world’s energy would be supplied by nuclear power. __________ (46) In 1951, a famous surgeon said that he and his colleagues were confident that “by the end of the 1950s, a cure for most if not all cancers will have been found.” In 1954, an American economist predicted Americans would go on getting richer and richer. ___________ (47).
In the year 1969, an automation engineer working for Max Factor Cosmetics in Britain said that “within twenty or twenty-five years factories that today employ hundreds of workers will need only five or ten computer technicians to run them.” _____________ (48).
In the early 1970s, there were many predictions that before the end of the century most homes in the United States, Europe and Japan would have computers in them. ___________ (49)
Long before 1980, it was predicted that instead of letting nature and luck choose their children’s characteristics, people would have to decide which characteristics they wanted their children to inherit from them and previous generations in their families. ____________ (50) We may be able to have “undesirable” characteristics changed or destroyed through genetic therapy. Perhaps we may even begin to wish that Bertrand Russell was right when he said that history teaches us that the future is never like that future we imagine.
A “By the end of the century,” he said, “there will be no poverty anywhere in the country.”
B If this prediction comes true, we will be faced with a much greater responsibility than ever before.
C According to the same predictions, this would result in “an information explosion” as well as “radical and revolutionary changes in the way we work, learn, and do business.”
D When this prediction came true, more people would be killed than ever before.
E They were certain that this would not only be “far cleaner than coal and other fossil fuels but far safer and much cheaper.”
F He added that this “will lead to enormous social problems for unskilled manual workers in particular, who will be unable to find work.”
第6部分：完形填空 （第51—65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The American Family
In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are ___________ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (宽容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _______ (52), and children are often allowed to do ____________ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him __________ (54) question, and children are encouraged to be ______________ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _________ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not ____________ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _________ (58) their parental families by the time they have ________________ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a ____________ (60), a kind of weak dependence.
This pattern of independence often results in serious ____________ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live ___________ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _______ (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and ___________ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _________ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.
51 A senior B junior C old D young
52 A watched B followed C understood D grasped
53 A what B that C which D when
54 A for B on C without D in
55 A dependent B independent C sure D secure
56 A too B almost C nearly D so
57 A gain B welcome C suit D estimate
58 A break up B break into C break through D break away from
59 A reached B come C arrived D developed
60 A reward B criticism C failure D success
61 A events B problems C matters D affairs
62 A on B up C from D beyond
63 A only B usually C sometimes D seldom
64 A set forth B set aside C set up D set down
65 A But B Therefore C In contrast D On the other hand
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）答案
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B
6. D 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D
11. A 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. D
16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. E 25. C
26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. E
31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. A
41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. A
46. E 47. A 48. F 49. C 50. B
51. C 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. B
56. A 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. B 64. C 65. A
文章分类: [历年真题] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
发给好友 | 转发到QQ空间 | 保存到记事本2003年职称英语考试理工类(A级)真题及答案阅读原文
第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A explained B invented
C considered D accepted
2. He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A heavy B strong
C kind D wild
3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.
A making B taking
C discussing D expecting
4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.
A waste B buy
C use D sell
5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A function B ability
C power D volume
6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A tensely B nearly
C carefully D closely
7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.
A supported B excited
C inspired D directed
8. The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.
A clean B perfect
C real D brief
9. It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.
A suggested B warned
C stated D confirmed
10. The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock.
A began B continued
C ended D resumed
11. Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.
A sign B substitute
C proof D target
12. However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.
A reluctant B eager
C pleased D angry
13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.
A limit B control
C replace D offset
14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.
A deny B investigate
C stress D create
15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A gradually B suddenly
C excessively D exceptionally
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
A Dolphin and an Astronomer
One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.
The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word "more". The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. ’Oh, yes. That’s one of the words he knows,’ the director said, showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphin than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a ’language’, in the real sense of the word? Scientists don’t agree on this.
A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions "Who loves Mary?" and "Who does Mary love?" mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn’t come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question "Can dolphins speak?" can’t be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.
16 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Parts of the dolphin’s brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned #p#副标题#e#
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight. Being locked in a small room called a ’calorimeter’（热量测量室)is one way to find out.
1 The sighs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads "Please do not enter- work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.
3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. "The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time," says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled () for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn’t go too fast.
5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.
23 Paragraph 1____________
24 Paragraph 1____________
25 Paragraph 1____________
26 Paragraph 1____________
27 The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything___________.
28 Nicola Walters had time for the experiments________________.
29 Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter____________.
30 The experiments show that high-fat diets_____________.
A the volunteers do
B because she does not have a weight problem
C because the life there can be very boring
D make people overeat
E because she was her own boss
F after passing a high-protein test
第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 "Salty" Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A They are students at Sussex University.
B They are rice breeders.
C They are husband and wife
D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B The water table has gone down after droughts.
C Sea level has been continuously rising.
D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.
34 The word "affect" in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A "influence"
B "effect"
C "stop"
D "present"
35 The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A positive
B negative.
C suspicious
D indifferent. #p#副标题#e#
第二篇 Living with Computer
After too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriend’s Liverpudian accent suddenly becomes hard to understand after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretary’s tone seems more rejecting than I’d imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid - hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days.
For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter (远程交谈者). I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriends lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.
If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard (暴风雪)of ’96 on TV.
But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though I’ve merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node (节点) on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. It’s like attending an A.A. meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents’ worst nightmare.
What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction (网上交流), coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.
At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that I’d never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe (安慰) me, but then I’m jarred (使感不快)by the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively (强制性地) needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. "Dateline," "Frontline," "Nightline," CNN, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work movers from foreground to background.
36 Compared with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent is
A obscure.
B distinct.
C unreal.
D misleading.
37 The passage implies that the writer and her boyfriend live in
A England.
B different countries.
C the same city.
D the same country.
38 Living alone in a house, the writer seems to
A have totally forgotten her work.
B be afraid of her neighbors.
C get some comfort from TV programs.
D have gone crazy.
39 We learn from the passage that the writer
A is fed up with the Net opponents.
B prefers people to the computer.
C is addicted to the computer.
D does not like human contact.
40 The phrase "coming back out of the cave" in the fifth paragraph means
A "coming back home".
B "giving up the present job".
C "living a luxurious life".
D "restoring real human contact".
第三篇 The Body Clock
Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology.
Deep inside the brain there is a ’clock’ that governs every aspect of the body’s functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.
The body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.
One of the major causes of the travellers’ malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a person’s internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether.
Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to ’shrink’ our day.
That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights.
When flying west, you are ’extending your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve ’shrinking’ or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock’s natural tendency.
One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours.
It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination’s schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone.
So, our body clock truly can ’govern’ us.
41 The role of the body clock is to
A enable us to sleep 6 hours a day.
B help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle.
C regulate the body’s functions.
D interfere with the body’s functions.
42 The word "malady" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A "condition".
B "discomfort".
C "injury".
D "excitement".
43 Flying in a westward direction will
A help you sleep better.
B increase the degree of jet lag.
C shrink your day.
D make you overeat.
44 Which of the following in NOT mentioned as a reason for the disrupted sleep of travelers?
A Crossing different time zones.
B Changing light and activity levels.
C Working longer hours.
D Watching out of the plane for a long time.
45 It can be seen from the last two paragraphs that
A you can control your own body clock.
B it is not difficult to adjust to a new time zone.
C adjusting your watch can help you a avoid jet lag.
D there isn’t much you can do to avoid jet lag. #p#副标题#e#
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Ruining the Ruins
Acid rain (酸雨)is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.
Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks. And buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone (石灰石), are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded (受腐蚀) more quickly.
__________(46) According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.
But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution. At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance. ________________(47).
Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn away every twelve years. ________________(48) The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. ____________ (49).
Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. __________ (50) However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.
A At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off () and the stone is being eaten away.
B That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.
C These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely.
D The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts.
E The problem, however, is not just a European one.
F However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.
第6部分：完形填空 （第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Science and Truth
"FINAGLE"() is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always __________ (51) data in an impartial () search for truth. In any debate- ___________ (52)intelligence, schooling, energy - the phrase "science says" usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a "finagle factor" - a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to __________ (53) desired results. The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard biologist, who has ___________ (54) the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time for analyzing the brain ____________ (55) of the skulls as a measure of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the largest brains, that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and _______ (56), that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton’s original data and concluded that the ____________ (57) were an example of the finagle at work. He found that Morton’s "discovery" was made by leaving out embarrassing data, ___________ (58) incorrect procedures, and changing his criteria - again, always in favour of, his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects __________ (59).
But Gould went on to say Morton’s story is only an example of a common problem in ____________(60) work. Some of the leading figures in science are ________________ (61) to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out () to support at least three central statements that he could not prove. And so _____________ (62)Laudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer, whose master work, Almagest, summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth as its center. Recent _____________ (63) indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.
All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work. For example, in the artificial sweetener controversy, for example, it is ________ (64) that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe, ________ (65) all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.
51 A collects B invents C misuses D enables
52 A of B over C in D with
53 A convey B destroy C modify D acquire
54 A created B written C examined D produced
55 A size B shape C tissue D cell
56 A however B then C though D therefore
57 A results B experiments C ideas D suggestions
58 A planning B making C using D searching
59 A creativity B reliability C intelligence D originality
60 A unusual B mental C scientific D manual
61 A taught B believed C tried D allowed
62 A was B had C could D did
63 A studies B events C developments D decisions
64 A feared B said C suggested D expected
65 A if B while C because D although
2003年职称英语考试理工类(A级)试题及答案
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D
6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C
11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A
16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. F 25. B
26. E 27. A 28. E 29. C 30. D
31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. A
36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D
46. E 47. A 48. B 49. F 50. D
51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A
56. D 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B
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第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 I am not certain whether he will come.
A determined B sure C sorry D glad
2 She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.
A noticed B heard C realized D got
3 Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.
A contact B see C help D touch
4 In short, I am going to live there myself.
A In other words B That is to say C In a word D To be frank
5 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.
A style B behavior C mode D attitude
6 I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.
A making B keeping C changing D implementing
7 Mr.Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.
A readily B casually C obviously D simply
8 We all think that Mary's husband is a very boring person.
A shy B stupid C dull D selfish
9 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A promote B paint C produce D polish
10 They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
A large B total C small D similar
11 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences
A force B total C small D similar
12 Can you follow the plot?
A change B investigate C write D understand
13 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A physical B mental C natural D hard
14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A result B judgment C decision D event
15 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.
A statements B beliefs C suggestions D claims
第2部分： 阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
A Pay Rise or Not?
"Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.
George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.
Henry manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises(加工资)for his workers. Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.
His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him. Manley rubbed his forehead（前额）; his problems seemed endless.
16 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The job that had been offered to George Strong in Birmingham paid better.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 If George Strong took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family in wyeford.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 George Strong was a very creative engineer.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned#p#副标题#e#
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~ 30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Robots
1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding(焊接)，spray-painting and assembling components.
3 In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F.or mean time between failures. This has risen form about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufactures have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
23 Paragraph 2_______________
24 Paragraph 3_______________
25 Paragraph 5_______________
26 Paragraph 6_______________
27 Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are____________________
28 Robots are less popular in Britain to day partly because__________________
29 One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume_________________
30 The use of robots increases_____________
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 what Makes a Soccer Player Great?
Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way-was it through training and practice, or are great players' born, not made"? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past---players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate（效仿）.In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup-three from South America and three from Western Europe. There has never been a great national team-or a really great player-from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at game at the age of three or four.
Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighbourhood(聚居区)-a poor, crowded area where a boy's dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer. For example, Liverpool which produced the Beatles(甲壳虫乐队)，had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years. Pele practiced in the street with a "ball" made of rags(破布). And George Best learned the tricks that made him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall in the slums(贫民窟)of Belfast.
All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn't explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some unique quality that sets them apart from all the others.
31 According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
A Great soccer players are born, not made.
B Truly great players are rare.
C Only six countries have ever had famous soccer stars.
D Soccer is the least popular sport in North America and Asia
32 The word "tricks" at the end of Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A "experience"
B "cheating"
C "skills"
D "training"
33 Pele is cited as an example in the second paragraph to illustrate that
A famous soccer players live in slum areas
B people in poor areas are born with some unique quality
C children in poor areas start playing football at the age of 3 or 4
D many great soccer players come from poor areas
34 In the last paragraph the statement "only one became Pele" indicates that
A Pele is the greatest soccer player
B the greatest players are born with some unique quality
C Pele's birthplace sets him apart from all the other players
D the greatest players practice with "balls" made of rags
35 The author attributes a soccer player's success to all the following factors EXCEPT
A his family background
B his neighbourhood.
C his practice.
D his height#p#副标题#e#
第二篇 New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages-has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree（可可树）by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine(饥荒)"of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.
36 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A Food
B Clothing
C Ideology
D Language
37 "some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A some cocoa trees
B some chocolate drinks.
C some shops
D some South American Indians
38 Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because
A they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else
B they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America
C the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes
D the potato harvest was bad
39 Which country is the largest coffee producer?
A Brazil
B Colombia
C Ethiopia
E Egypt
40 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. One third of the world's population drinks coffee.
B. Coffee is native to Colombia
C. Coffee can keep one awake.
D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.
第三篇 Up in Smoke
I began to smoke when I was in high school. In fact, I remember the evening I was at a girlfriend's house, and we were watching a movie-a terribly romantic movie. He (the hero of the movie) was in love, she (his lady) was beautiful, and they were both smoking. My friend had only two cigarettes from a pack in her mother's purse, and she gave one to me. It was my first time.
My parents didn't care much. They both smoked, and my older brother did too. My mother told me that smokers don't grow tall, but I was already5'6"(taller than most of the boys in my class), so I was happy to hear that "fact". In school, the teachers talked against smoking, but the cigarette advertisements were so exciting. The men in the ads were so good-looking and so successful, and the women were-well, they were beautiful and sophisticated(老于世故的).
I read a book called how to stop smoking. The writer said that smoking wastes time, and that cigarettes cost a lot of money. "So what?" I thought, the book didn't say that smoking can take away years of your life. But ten years later, everyone began to hear about the negative effects of cigarette smoke: lung disease, cancer, and heart problems. After that, there was a health warning on every pack of cigarettes. I didn't pay much attention to the reports and warnings. I felt healthy, and I thought I was taking good care of myself.
Then two events changed my mind. First, I started to cough. I thought it was just a cold, but it didn't get better. Second, my brother got lung cancer. He got sicker and sicker. My brother and I used to smoke cigarettes together over twenty years age, and we smoked our last cigarettes together the day before he died. I sat with him in his hospital room, and I decided to quit. "NO more cigarettes, ever," I said to myself.
However, it was very hard to stop, Nicotine(尼古丁)is a drug; as a result, cigarettes cause a powerful addiction. I tried several times to quit on my own-without success. I made excuses. I told myself: Smoking helps me keep my figure-i.e. I don't gain weight when I smoke. Smoking not only relaxes me but it also helps me think clearly. I'm a free, liberated woman. I can smoke when I want to.
Finally, I ran out of excuses-I might say my excuses went up in smoke. I joined the "Stop Smoking" program at the local hospital, which also ended up in failure.
41 How the writer started smoking shows the powerful influence of
A educational institutions
B one's social status
C the mass media
D public opinions
42 The "fact" in Paragraph 2 refers to
A her admiration for the men in the ads
B her mother's warning that smokers don't grow tall
C her height of 5'6"
D the teachers' negative attitude towards smoking
43 The book called How to Stop Smoking
A cost the writer a lot of time to read
B was not taken seriously by the writer
C warned the reader of the risk of lung cancer.
D left the writer in confusion
44 The writer decided to quit smoking partly because
A she could not afford any more cigarettes.
B her doctor had advised her to do so
C her brother had given up smoking.
D she had started to cough
45 The writer found it hard to quit smoking because
A she had been addicted to nicotine.
B she had been putting on weight.
C she could not think clearly.
D she was an independent woman.#p#副标题#e#
第5部分： 补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Success Stories
One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968.__________(46)Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.
The first principle is Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality___________(47) He created clothes to match people's wants: the style is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent.
The system link is another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes______________(48)
The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people's demands._________(49) This information is then sent to the main office in Italy. Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.
A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are benentton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window displays, and the same approach to sales._________(50)
The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.
A The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted
B There used to be a good reason for this
C When something is sold at a Benetton store, the store records information about the type, size, and color of the item.
D Today, there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.
E This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.
F In other words, Benetton's clothes are made to order.
第6部分： 完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Great Newspaper War
Up until about 100 years ago, newspapers in the United States appealed only to the most serious readers. They used no illustrations and the articles were__________(51)politics or business.
Two men_________(52) that -Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Morning Journal. Pulitzer_________(53) the New York World in 1883. he changed it form a traditional newspaper into a very_________(54) one overnight(一夜之间). He__________(55) lots of illustrations and cartoons. And he told his reporters to write articles on__________(56) crime or scandal they could find. And they did. One of them even pretended she was crazy and then she was__________(57) to a mental hospital. She them wrote a series of articles about the poor_________(58)of patients in those hospitals.
In 1895, Hearst___________(59) to New York from California. He wanted the New York Morning Journal to be more sensational(轰动的) and more exciting_____________(60) the New York World. He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he_______________(61) the price by a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his headlines were bigger than_________(62). He often said, "Big print makes big news."
Pulitzer and Hearst did anything they_____________(63) to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator(插图画家), to_____________(64) pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was___________(65). Hearst answered, "You furnish (提供) the pictures. I'll furnish the war."
51. A about B in C with D of
52 A accepted B developed C started D changed
53 A published B bought C issued D printed
54 A boring B practical C exciting D natural
55 A cancelled B approved C solved D added
56 A every B all C both D many
57 A invited B admitted C accepted D called
58 A treatment B reputation C work D results
59 A arrived B reached C changed D came
60 A than B as C in D for
61 A increased B reduced C fixed D offered
62 A anyone B anyone's C anyone else D anyone else's
63 A may B might C must D could
64 A get B keep C draw D make
65 A going B lasting C going on D taking on
答案
满分100分，其中：
1- 30每题1分：31-45每题3分：46-50每题2分：51－65每题1分。
1 B 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C
11B 12 D 13 A 14 A 15 B 16 C 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 B
21 B 22 C 23 B 24 E 25 C 26 D 27 B 28 C 29 A 30 E
31 B 32 C 33 D 34 B 35 D 36 A 37 C 38D 39 A 40 B
41C 42 B 43 B 44 D 45 A
46 D 47 A 48 F 49 C 50 E
51 A 52D 53B 54 C 55D 56 A 57 B 58 A 59 D 60 A
61 B 62D 63 D 64 C 65 C
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分节符是我们在编辑文档页面格式时经常使用的一种格式标记，使用它可以很方便地将一篇文档分成若干小节分别进行页面的设置。但是当我们把分节符插入到文档中去以后，又想把它删除怎么办呢？要知道，在通常我们所使... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前分节符是我们在编辑文档页面格式时经常使用的一种格式标记，使用它可以很方便地将一篇文档分成若干小节分别进行页面的设置。但是当我们把分节符插入到文档中去以后，又想把它删除怎么办呢？
要知道，在通常我们所使用的页面视图或大纲视图中是看不到分节符的。其实只要单击“常用”工具栏上的〔显示/隐藏编辑标记〕按钮就可以把它显示出来了。然后将鼠标定位于分节符前或选中分节符，按下“Del”键就可以了。 如果您的“常用”工具栏中看不到这个按钮，可以点击“常用”工具栏最右侧向下的三角箭头，然后选择“添加或删除按钮→常用”，并在展开的列表中选中“显示/隐藏编辑标记”就可以把它添加到工具栏中了。 以上操作在Word 2003中可以轻松实现。如果Word版本较低，可能在列表中找不到“显示/隐藏编辑标记”命令。只要点击“工具→自定义”菜单命令，打开“自定义”对话框。点击“命令”选项卡，在左侧的“类别”列表中选择“视图”，在右侧的“命令”列表中选中“全部显示”，再将此命令拖到“常用”工具栏中就行了。文章分类: [考试指南] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
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各位考生： 因单位有集体事宜，乌市地区考生19、22两天不能交费。23日正常并延长两天交费，交费截止时间为25日。其他报名点正常交费，截止时间为23日。 推荐使用专门针对这个考试制作的全真模拟考试... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前各位考生： 因单位有集体事宜，乌市地区考生19、22两天不能交费。23日正常并延长两天交费，交费截止时间为25日。其他报名点正常交费，截止时间为23日。 推荐使用专门针对这个考试制作的全真模拟考试题库软件，试题库中，每个模块提供500左右的题型，题量大且均包含完整的演示答案，让你一学就会，轻松掌握各模块知识及多种作题技巧。练熟全套练习，考试中您就可以灵活应变，举一反三，从而轻松通过职称计算机考试。点击免费下载 此通知 2011.8.18文章分类: [内蒙古] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
发给好友 | 转发到QQ空间 | 保存到记事本2003年职称英语考试综合类(B级)真题及答案阅读原文
第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A force B influence C surprise D power
2 Can you follow the plot?
A change B investigate C write D understand
3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A physical B mental C natural D hard
4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed
A result B judgment C decision D event
5 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.
A statements B beliefs C suggestions D claims
6 Up to now, the work has been easy.
A So B So long C So that D So far
7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges.
A supposed B excited C suggested D discussed
8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed
A Therefore B Afterwards C However D Furthermore
9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.
A view B sight C look D point
10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely
11 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A explained B invented C considered D accepted
12 He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A heavy B strong C kind D wild
13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.
A making B taking C discussing D expecting
14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing
A waste B buy C use D sell
15 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A function B ability C power D volume
第2部分： 阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
A Pay Rise or Not?
"Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.
George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.
Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises(加工资) for his workers. Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.
His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him. Manley rubbed his forehead(前额); his problems seemed endless.
16 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The job that had been offered to George Strong in Birmingham paid better.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 If George Strong took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family in Wyeford.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 George Strong was a very creative engineer.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned#p#副标题#e#
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~ 30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Keeping Cut Flowers
1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.
2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12oC than when kept at 260c. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.
3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.
4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.
5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
23 Paragraph 2__________________
24 Paragraph 3__________________
25 Paragraph 4__________________
26 Paragraph 5__________________
27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_______________
28 Respiration plays a key role________________
29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_________________
30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____________________
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages-has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree（可可树）by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine(饥荒)"of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.
31 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A Food
B Clothing
C Ideology
D Language
32 "some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A some cocoa trees
B some chocolate drinks.
C some shops
D some South American Indians
33 Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because
A they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else
B they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America
C the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes
D the potato harvest was bad
34 Which country is the largest coffee producer?
A Brazil
B Colombia
C Ethiopia
E Egypt
35 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. One third of the world's population drinks coffee.
B. Coffee is native to Colombia
C. Coffee can keep one awake.
D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.#p#副标题#e#
第二篇 Teaching poetry
No poem should ever be discussed or "analyzed", until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.
All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling "interpretation" of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting(背诵) it.
I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "analyzing" it, if there isn't time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is " a criticism of life", and " a heightening(提升) of life". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it " can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don't like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few thing s about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
36 To have a better understanding of a poem, one should
A discuss it with others.
B analyze it by oneself.
C copy it down in a notebook
D practise reading it aloud
37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of poetry?
A Extending your life.
B Saving your life.
C Criticizing life.
D Heightening life.
38 According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students
A to understand life.
B to enjoy poetry.
C to become teachers.
D to become poets
39 What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.
B Poetry is more important than any other subject.
C One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry
D Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses
40 The phrase "make room" in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
A "build a booth"
B "provide equipment".
C "leave a certain amount of time".
D "set aside enough space".
第三篇 " Salty" Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares(公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts(妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves(红树林) that create swamps（沼泽） and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep(渗透)in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated(蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
41 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A They are students at Sussex University.
B They are rice breeders.
C They are husband and wife.
D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
42 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
43 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B the water table has gone down after droughts.
C Sea level has been continuously rising.
D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind
44 The word "affect" in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A "influence"
B "effect"
C "stop"
D "present"
45 The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A positive
B negative.
C suspicious
D indifferent.#p#副标题#e#
第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last._______(46) Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose-school work, matters of business, or purely social communication.___________(47)
There are still some remote places in the world where you might find someone to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few mangers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from._____________(48)
We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put to the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous.__________(49) We want to arouse and hold the interest of readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not thrown into some "letters-to-be-read" file or into a wastepaper basket._____________(50)
A But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.
B However, the managers may sometimes cause the writers a lot of trouble.
C Any good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown(成熟的)
D What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read.
E This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.
F You may be sure that the greater the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.
第6部分： 完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The American Family
In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _________(51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness（宽容） of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely_____________(52), and children are often allowed to do _________(53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him_________(54) question, and children are encouraged to be ___________(55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom_____________(56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not ____________(57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to_____________(58) their parental families by the time they have _________(59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a __________(60), a kind of weak dependence.
This pattern of independence often results in serious_____________(61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live ___________(62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _____________(63) 65. The children have left home, married, and ____________(64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes.__________(65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.
51 A senior B junior C old D young
52 A watched B followed C understood D grasped
53 A what B that C which D when
54 A for B on C without D in
55 A dependent B independent C sure D secure
56 A too B almost C nearly D so
57 A gain B welcome C suit D estimate
58 A break up B break into C break through D break away from
59 A reached B come C arrived D developed
60 A reward B criticism C failure D success
61 A events B problems C matters D affairs
62 A on B up C from D beyond
63 A only B usually C sometimes D seldom
64 A set forth B set aside C set up D set down
65 A But B Therefore C In contrast D On the other hand
答案：
满分 100分，其中：1-30每题1分；1-45每题3分；6-50每题2分；51-65每题1分。
1B 2D 3A 4A 5B 6D 7C 8A 9A 10D 11A 12C 13C 14C 15D 16C 17A 18B 19A 20B
21B 22C 23D 24C 25A 26E 27D 28B 29E 30F
31A 32C 33D 34A 35B 36D 37A 38B 39A 40C 41D 42B 43C 44A 45A
46C 47F 48A 49D 50E
51C 52B 53A 54C 55B 56A 57C 58D 59A 60C 61B 62D 63B 64C 65A
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第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A explained B invented C considered D accepted
2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A heavy B strong C kind D wild
3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.
A making B taking C discussing D expecting
4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing
A waste B buy C use D sell
5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A function B ability C power D volume
6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely
7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadness
A supported B excited C inspired D directed
8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.
A clean B perfect C real D brief
9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.
A suggested B warned C stated D confirmed
10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock
A began B continued C ended D resumed
11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.
A sign B substitute C proof D target
12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.
A reluctant B eager C pleased D angry
13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.
A limit B control C replace D offset
14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.
A deny B investigate C stress D create
15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A gradually B suddenly C excessively D exceptionally
第2部分： 阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
Principles of Governing Persuasion
If leadership consists of getting thing done through others, then persuasion is one of the leader’s essential tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic(有魅力的) and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.
The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So it’s worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise.
Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. It’s sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to (服从) experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that it’s self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when it’s scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data.
16 Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 People are more likely to cooperate with those who like them.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Managers do not employ those who are quite different from them.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 There is no need for a manager to find out the merits of his employees.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Experiments have shown that, contrary to our expectation, people tend to treat you the way you treat them.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data.
A right B Wrong C Not mentioned#p#副标题#e#
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~ 30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Keeping Cut Flowers
1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.
2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12oC than when kept at 260c. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.
3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.
4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.
5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
23 Paragraph 2__________________
24 Paragraph 3__________________
25 Paragraph 4__________________
26 Paragraph 5__________________
27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_______________
28 Respiration plays a key role________________
29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_________________
30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____________________
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares(公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts(妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves(红树林) that create swamps（沼泽） and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep(渗透)in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated(蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A They are students at Sussex University.
B They are rice breeders.
C They are husband and wife.
D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B the water table has gone down after droughts.
C Sea level has been continuously rising.
D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind
34 The word “affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A “influence”
B “effect”
C “stop”
D “present”
35 The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A positive
B negative.
C suspicious
D indifferent. #p#副标题#e#
第二篇 Ford’s Assembly Line
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars-one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses（屠宰场）.
Back in the early 1900’s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line”. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.
“The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.”
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed(拖，拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn’t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation(自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
36 Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?
A He introduced a new way of production.
B He influenced all manufacturing.
C He inspired other auto makers.
D He changed a historian’s mind.
37 The writer mentions” slaughterhouses” because they were the places where
A Ford’s assembly line originated
B Ford made his first car.
C Ford readjusted the assembly line.
D Ford innovated the disassembly line.
38 A magneto is a technical term for
A an automobile.
B a production line
C a part of an automobile engine.
D a disassembly line
39 the phrase” turning out” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
A “ producing”
B “ selling”
C “buying”
D “fixing”
40 The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford
A to create more jobs for the unemployed
B to write a book on history
C to reduce the price of his cars to 260
D to cut the production of his cars by 50%
第三篇 Play
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.
In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.
Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed-to a child of nice or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
41 The passage tells us that as a child grows up
A he should be allowed to choose his own toys.
B he should be given identical toys.
C he should be given different toys.
D he should be given fewer and fewer toys.
42 According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents
A determine his character
B will not change after the age of three.
C partly determine the standard he is likely to reach.
D to a large extent determine the choice of toys.
43 Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?
A Those who tend to overeat
B Those who are given a lot of toys.
C Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.
D Those who can share their toys with their playmates.
44 We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity
A when he is two
B when he is around four.
C when he is six.
D when he is eight.
45 The passage is mainly about
A the importance of pre-school education
B the importance of schooling.
C the role of play in a child’s development
D the choice of toys for adolescents.#p#副标题#e#
第5部分： 补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Science and Technology
There is a difference between science and technology._________(46). Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science.________(47)
Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people’s likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things._________(48). But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides we have the choice of refusing to believe it ! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic(超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air._________(49)The purpose of technology is to serve people-people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.
__________(50) Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion(枯竭) and even social decay in general-so much so that the promise of technology is “ obscured “. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?
A Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.
B Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor.
C What scientists discover may shock or anger people ---as did Darwin’s theory of evolution.
D Science and technology are different.
E We are all familiar with the improper use of technology.
F Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.
第6部分： 完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上
Cost as a Factor in Supply
In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products________(51) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __________(52) the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the ____________(53)of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for__________(54) he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can __________(55)to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly __________(56)of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to competes successfully and earn a profit.
Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease._________(57)mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production,________(58) logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists_________(59)to this principle as the law of increasing costs.
The reason costs rise as production goes up is __________(60). However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow,__________(61)competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs___________(62) skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get __________(63)from other sources. This can be done by ___________(64)higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, ___________(65)not all land is equally fertile and not all ore(矿石)is equally rich in the mineral wanted.
51 A to B at C of D on
52 A below B beneath C over D above
53 A price B cost C worth D profit
54 A that B why C what D if
55 A afford B pretend C offer D try
56 A sure B afraid C aware D suspicious
57 A Because B Since C When D While
58 A both B neither C none D any
59 A resort B refer C turn D attend
60 A clear B simple C difficult D complex
61 A bringing B resulting in C including D carrying out
62 A less B numerous C more D many
63 A them B these C it D those
64 A offering B cutting C reducing D having
65 A as if B just as C because D while
答案：
1A 2C 3C 4C 5D 6D 7A 8D 9C 10C 11A 12A 13B 14B 15A
16B 17A 18C 19B 20B 21C 22A 23D 24C 25A 26E 27D 28B 29E 30F
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发给好友 | 转发到QQ空间 | 保存到记事本备战2012年职称英语考试六大题型及答题技巧阅读原文
一、职称英语的六大题型为：第一是15个词汇选项，分值是15分; 第二项是阅读判断(对错选择)7分; 第三项是概括大意有8分; 第四项是阅读理解45分; 第五项是补全短文10分，最后一项是完型填空1... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前一、职称英语的六大题型为：
第一是15个词汇选项，分值是15分; 第二项是阅读判断(对错选择)7分; 第三项是概括大意有8分; 第四项是阅读理解45分; 第五项是补全短文10分， 最后一项是完型填空15分， 二、六大题型各自的解题技巧 首先第一题是词汇选项，主要是找同义词。例如他给你一个句子说：“我爱吃土豆”，然后他在土豆下面划一个横线，底下出选项：马铃薯、西瓜、冬瓜、黄瓜，我们知道直接勾马铃薯就好了。其实你不需要看懂整句话，也不需要看懂划横线的单词。我们手里有字典，你查到土豆，土豆的后面解释就有马铃薯，英文字典也是一样的，所以你手里要有个好的英文字典，即使你在读不懂句子的情况下也能拿到这15分。 第二部分是阅读判断，实际上是给你一篇文章，后面给你几句话，每一句话有一个对，有一个错，还有一个没有提到，这样的题型做起来是比较有难度的。这里我需要提的一点是，它实际是想考察你快速阅读的能力。当然这个题型也有很多解题技巧，这里有一个很好的方法你直接看那句话，基本上有几个单词你要记住，凡是有Only的时候，总是错的，因为 Only太绝对化了，如果有ALL的时候，也是错的，太绝对了，每一个这样的词，都有可能是假的，太绝对化了，这叫绝对原则。这不但用于对错选择，也用于单选的时候。所以说掌握技巧很重要，只要有这些词，基本上都是错的。在环球网校职称英语的课堂上(试听网校课程)我们会教大家更多的实用技巧让你在短短几分钟之内就能尽量拿到分数，芝麻虽小，但是能捡的我们还是尽量捡起来。 第三部分是概括大意，概括大意是一个很简单的题型。而我们很多朋友都认为从选项里找出每一段的大概意思很难，其实就是思维方式存在差异。我举一个例子，中国人爱吃包子、吃馅饼，中国人的思维方式，他把好东西包起来，而英国人吃的是匹萨，吃的是生日蛋糕，他把好东西放在表面上。英国人写文章也一样，他把每一段最重要的放在头上，所以你只要看第一句话就够了，然后对照下面的选项，哪个单词在第一句话里重复了，你就选哪个非常非常简单，关键是思维方式。 第四就是阅读理解，阅读是我们要下大功夫的，因为它有45分，是西瓜，考试成败都在阅读里。其实阅读的分非常好拿，每年都有一道书上的原题，这15分就稳拿了，剩下的两篇文章还有30分，你只要掌握技巧，用我们刚才说的方法，你知道英国人把重点放在哪，剩下的就是对着四个选项，找到这句话，看谁在重复单词，这个问题就解决了。 第五是补全短文，补全短文这个题是近几年刚刚有的，是从考研挪过来的，这个题其实也不难，大家认真复习，多做一些这方面的练习，还是很好得分的。 最后是完型填空，这个题型非常难，因为考生都已经这个岁数了，学起来很困难，但是题目基本不变，一个好老师可以直接告诉你就是这一篇，不管你采取什么办法，把这篇死背住，15分稳拿，大概情况就是这样，通过网校课程学习的考生基本上都不会在这道题目上丢太多分。文章分类: [考试指南] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
发给好友 | 转发到QQ空间 | 保存到记事本职称英语考试出题思路解析阅读原文
一、综合类考查难度明显大于理工类和卫生类 在近几年的考试中，一般来讲，综合类的考试难度相对于理工和卫生两个类别，难度较低。但今年，三个类别难度差异较大，综合类三个级别考查难度明显大于理工类和卫生类，... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前一、综合类考查难度明显大于理工类和卫生类
在近几年的考试中，一般来讲，综合类的考试难度相对于理工和卫生两个类别，难度较低。但今年，三个类别难度差异较大，综合类三个级别考查难度明显大于理工类和卫生类，综合类考查的教材内容也多来自教材中旧文章或历年考过的文章，这和往年出题规律有一定的差别。理工类和卫生类考查的教材内容均出自于新增文章，题目难度适中。
二、综合类真题考查特点
1、阅读文章选材方向较偏
根据近几年考试出题规律，考查阅读的文章题材及话题偏社科、教育等，都较容易理解，不会涉及到较偏的话题，但今年的综合A试卷中的完型填空却出现了《Racial Prejudice》（种族偏见）这样题材的文章，这对于部分考生来说还是有一定的难度。
2、考查内容从重点考查新增文章的同时，也涉及到教材旧文章及历年已考过的文章
综合类在近几年考试中，考查的大都是当年的新增文章为主（阅读理解的一篇和完形填空），一般考过的文章，都不会再重复考查，但今年在综合类的试卷中，却出来重复考查现象。例如综合A试卷中的阅读理解《The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight》、完型填空《How a Terrible Battle Helped to Change Europe》等都是曾考过的文章。
3、考试中选自教材的原文章，考查时换题现象更为明显
前几年考试中，考查出自教材的内容也出现过换题现象，但大部分为调整选项顺序等较简单的形式，但今年综合、理工、卫生三个类别的考试中，换题现象及形式更为多样化，一部分为更换了题干和问题，这对于很多只记教材上题目及答案的考生来说有些措手不及，估计会出现一定程度的丢分现象。
但是在整体上来看，综合类出自教材外的文章阅读难度并不大，只要是认真备考，从基础的词汇、语法等知识的积累，再利用解题方法和技巧是可以拿到一定分数，并可以顺利通过考试。
文章分类: [考试指南] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
发给好友 | 转发到QQ空间 | 保存到记事本职称英语考试解题技巧攻略阅读原文
在职称英语考试中，阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子和补全短文三个题型，由于题目难度较大，且根据往年出题规律，一般不出教材内的内容，分值所占比重较小。根据以上规律，建议考生在复习过程中主要以掌握解题技巧为主... 来自:51pzc.com 1天前在职称英语考试中，阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子和补全短文三个题型，由于题目难度较大，且根据往年出题规律，一般不出教材内的内容，分值所占比重较小。根据以上规律，建议考生在复习过程中主要以掌握解题技巧为主，通过一些习题进行技巧的灵活应用。我们以上三个题型的解题技巧归纳如下，以供广大考生参考，来提高复习效率，实现在三类小题型上的高分突破。
一、复习策略解析之阅读判断 1、题目要求： 题目是若干个陈述句(statement)，要求根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对(Right)、错(Wrong)，还是未提及(Not Mentioned)。 2、难点剖析： 这种题型的难度在于，在对和错之外还有第三种状态：未提及。很多同学难以区分“错”和“未提及”。 3、必备解题技巧： 对于考生而言，职称英语考试的时间非常紧张，阅读判断题型不适合先阅读文章后做题，而应当先阅读题目后看文意，这样便于节省时间。 （1）准确确定题目中的关键词，然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落。 关键词是指： 1．名词或名词性短语； 2．形容（幅）词或形容（副）词性短语； 3．专有名词； 4．数字或年代。但要注意： a．文章标题中的单词一般不宜作为关键词； b．在文章中出现频率较高的词一般不宜作为关键词； c．动词一般不宜作为关键词。 将题目中的关键词与每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。 （2）判断，根据下列原则和规律，确定正确答案。 选择A、B或C的三种情况： 1. 选A的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全一致或基本一致 2. 选B的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全相反 3. 选C的情况：如果某题干部分或局部信息在原文中未提到 二、复习策略解析之概括大意与完成句子 #p#副标题#e#1、题目要求： 文章由若干段话组成，要求给每段话归纳段落大意，意即找出该段的中心思想、主旨。本题型不是让你写出每段话的段落大意，这样不好评判对错。而是要求从选项列表中选择。在现在的考试中，选项的数目往往大大多于文章中段落的数目，也就是说，有很多干扰选项。 2、难点剖析： 每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的段落大意不可能是一个选项。这是因为不同段落的主旨肯定是不同的，原文将它们分为不同的段落，就是要分别说不同的内容。如果两段的主旨相同，即表达的中心思想一致，应该将它们合为一段，没有必要分为两段。 3、必备解题技巧： （1） 先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落。 这样做的好处有两点：① 寻找选项关键词，它有可能与某段的核心词汇重合，如果重合，那该选项可能是正确答案。② 确定所考段落，未考段落可暂时不必阅读。读文章的时候，不要一下把文章全读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。假如原文的第一段的小标题已找到，那么，先读第二段，然后到选项列表中找该段话的小标题。然后再读第三段，同样处理，直至完成。这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。 （2）读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。 读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。 根据作者的统计数据，段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50％，段落的主题句在第二句的可能性为20％，段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20％。也就是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的小标题，这种可能性超过50％。整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10％。 三、复习策略解析之补全短文 1、题目要求： 补全短文题型中，每个题目都是一个陈述句，出现的位置不固定。这种题型不是要求你写出答案，而是从选项中选择。选项的数目要多于题目的数目。 2、难点剖析： 补全短文题型对阅读能力的要求较高，同时也非常注重基础知识如语法、词汇知识的考查，因此补全短文题型的难度较大，是职称考试中最令考生头痛的题型之一。 3、必备解题技巧： 解题方略：解每道题时只需要阅读该题所在段落，不需要阅读其他段落。往往通过阅读该题目的前后句就能够确定答案，在考试时，应该注意利用以下前后句子存在的关系来做题： （1）利用转折关系 （2）利用归纳总结关系 （3）利用总分关系 （4）利用并列关系 掌握以上内容，对于提高以上三个小题型成绩会有很大帮忙，希望广大考生能充分理解并加以利用。文章分类: [考试指南] | 阅读全文 | 邮件推荐 | 评论回复
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