部落冲突狂暴法术数据:中国外逃贪官卷款八千亿 最爱美国

2011年 06月 17日 10:51
评论(31)
Jason Lee/Reuters
2010年的端午节，一位身穿中国传统服饰的男子在北京举行宗教仪式，纪念中国古代的爱国诗人屈原。屈原于公元前277年投河自尽，以抗议当时政府的腐败。
中
国的统治者说腐败干部是中国最大的敌人。现在，根据本周受到中国媒体广泛关注的一份报告，中国政府说这个敌人住在海外，尤其是美国。
中国央行这份67页的报告研究的是腐败官员外逃的目的地及其转移资产的途径。这些人偏爱的一个方法是借助移民国外家属转移资金，这是通常依赖于伪造文件的伎俩。
这项研究本周受到中国媒体的高度关注。比如英文《上海日报》（Shanghai Daily）周四头版的标题为：《美国：中国腐败官员的目的地》（Destination America For China's Corrupt Officials）。
Bobby Yip/Reuters
日落时分，澳门的一处娱乐场所。在中国央行的一份报告中，最引人注目的一个案例是一位中国省级官员用非法获得的1800万元人民币在澳门豪赌。
媒体报道说这份研究报告是中国央行在官网发布的。报告被定为内部机密文件，所署日期是2008年6月。尽管网上仍能方便的找到该报告的PDF文档，但这份报告已经在中国人民银行网站上消失了。
央行未回应置评请求。
尽管这份报告读起来像是学术研究，但其并未作出清晰的结论。
报告被分为两大部分，第一部分以数字开头，报告估算从上世纪90年代中期以来，腐败官员和国有企业员外逃或失踪人员数目高达18000人。这些人涉嫌携带的款项总额高达8000亿元人民币。这个数字相当于去年中国国内生产总值（GDP）的2%。
报告说，身份级别越高的越有可能逃往西方国家。高级别潜逃人员最主要的目的地包括美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和荷兰。
涉案金额较小、级别较低官员要么通过香港中转前往西方，要么到泰国、马来西亚、蒙古和俄罗斯等周边国家寻求避风港。
报告第二部分内容比较有趣，主要是讲腐败分子转移资产的途径。报告列举了一些人名，但主要仅限于归案的人员。
其中提到了徐放鸣和成克杰的案例，前者是财政部金融司原司长，被指将约100万元人民币存进出国读书的儿子的银行账户中；后者是高官，他将情妇安排在香港定居，将巨额赃款都转移到香港情妇名下。
其中有些案例比较有名。最引人注目的一个是江苏省海门市前党委副书记张建，他有名的事迹是用非法获得的1800万元人民币在澳门豪赌。根据该报告，张建在两年内先后48次到澳门用信用卡提供的赌资赌博。
尽管中国对美国债券的胃口越来越引人注目，但中美在跨境洗钱问题上的对话已经成了两国经济关系的重要部分。比如5月举行最新一轮中美战略与经济对话（Strategic and Economic Dialogue）后，美国说中国已同意加强对洗钱的控制。
中国央行在这份报告中说计划与外国政府合作，堵住让腐败分子携公款外逃的漏洞。央行已经开始越来越多地参与国际反洗钱组织，其中包括跨国组织“金融行动特别工作组”（Financial Action Task Force）。
美国使馆拒绝就报告中称美国是外逃官员首选目的地这一说法置评。这份报告也没有解释为何这些人似乎偏爱美国的现象，但几乎可以肯定的是，中美之间缺乏引渡协议是其中一个因素。
China's rulers say corrupt cadres are the nation's worst enemy. Now, according to a report that was given widespread coverage this week in local media, Beijing says that enemy resides overseas, particularly in the U.S.
The 67-page report from China's central bank looks at where corrupt officials go and how they get their money out. A favored method is to squirrel cash away with the help of loved ones emigrating abroad, schemes that often depend on fake documents.
News of the study got prominent notice this week in Chinese media. A sample headline from page one of the Shanghai Daily on Thursday: 'Destination America For China's Corrupt Officials.'
The reports said the study was posted to the website of China's central bank. While the PDF document remains widely available in Chinese cyberspace, the report â ' dated June 2008 and identified as 'confidential' â ' no longer appears on the People's Bank of China website.
The central bank didn't respond to requests for comment.
Though the report reads like an academic study, it doesn't cite a clear conclusion.
Instead, it is broken into two main sections, the first starting with estimates that up to 18,000 corrupt officials and employees of state-owned enterprises have fled abroad or gone into hiding since the mid-1990s. They are suspected of pilfering coffers to the tune of 800 billion yuan, or $123 billion -- a sum that works out to 2% of last year's gross domestic product.
The higher ranking they were, the report says, the more likely they were to go to Western nations. Top destinations for high-level thieves included the U.S., Canada, Australia and the Netherlands.
Lower ranking officials taking less substantial sums went to the West indirectly, such as through Hong Kong, or sought safe haven in nearby countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Mongolia and Russia.
The somewhat juicier second section of the report deals with how they got money out. Here the report names names, but primarily only in the cases of those who were caught.
In one case, Xu Fangming, a former Ministry of Finance official allegedly deposited roughly 1 million yuan into the bank account of a son studying abroad. In another, Cheng Kejie, a top politician got his mistress settled in Hong Kong and funneled money to her.
Some of the stories are well known. Among the most notable is the tale of Zhang Jian, a former Communist Party chief of Haimen in Jiangsu province, who famously dumped his ill-gotten 18 million yuan into Macao casinos. According to the report, he funded his 48 visits over two years with credit cards.
Though China's appetite for U.S. bonds is more attention-getting, talks with Beijing on cross border money laundering already figure prominently into the Sino-U.S. economic relationship. After the latest Strategic and Economic Dialogue in May, for instance, the U.S. said China agreed to strengthen its money-laundering controls.
China's central bank said in the report that it plans to cooperate with foreign governments to plug the holes that allow corrupt officials to escape with their takings from the public till. The central bank has become increasingly involved in international anti-money laundering organizations, including the inter-governmental Financial Action Task Force.
The U.S. Embassy declined to comment on the report's citation of the U.S. as the favored destination for China's official theives. The report also neglects to explain why the pilferers seem to prefer the U.S., but the country's lack an extradition agreement with China is almost certainly a factor.
James T. Areddy