九乡新闻网迦南诗选歌曲大全:C C interview questions :
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What are the types of container classes?
A container class is a class that is used to hold objects in memory or
external storage. A container class acts as a generic holder. A
container class has a predefined behavior and a well-known interface. A
container class is a supporting class whose purpose is to hide the
topology used for maintaining the list of objects in memory. When a
container class contains a group of mixed objects, the container is
called a heterogeneous container; when the container is holding a group
of objects that are all the same, the container is called a homogeneous
container.
to be independent of, or orthogonal to each other. Orthogonal in the
sense means that two classes operate in different dimensions and do not
interfere with each other in any way. The same derived class may
inherit such classes with no difficulty.
A node class is a class that,
=> relies on the base class for services and implementation,
=> provides a wider interface to the users than its base class,
=> relies primarily on virtual functions in its public interface
=> depends on all its direct and indirect base class
=> can be understood only in the context of the base class
=> can be used as base for further derivation
=> can be used to create objects.
A node class is a class that has added new services or functionality beyond the services inherited from its base class.
to a member function. A class is used correctly if preconditions are
never false. An operation is not responsible for doing anything
sensible if its precondition fails to hold. For example, the interface
invariants of stack class say nothing about pushing yet another element
on a stack that is already full. We say that isful() is a precondition
of the push operation. Post-condition: A post-condition is a condition
that must be true on exit from a member function if the precondition
was valid on entry to that function. A class is implemented correctly
if post-conditions are never false. For example, after pushing an
element on the stack, we know that isempty() must necessarily hold.
This is a post-condition of the push operation.
local objects between the place where the exception was thrown and
where it is caught.
A class invariant is acondition that defines all valid states for an object. It is a logical
condition to ensure the correct working of a class. Class invariants
must hold when an object is created, and they must be preserved under
all operations of the class. In particular all class invariants are
both preconditions and post-conditions for all operations or member
functions of the class.
The __inline keyword tells the compiler to substitute thecode within the function definition for every instance of a functioncall. However, substitution occurs only at the compiler's discretion.For example, the compiler does not inline a function if its address istaken or if it is too large to inline.
A container class is a class that is used to hold objects in memory or
external storage. A container class acts as a generic holder. A
container class has a predefined behavior and a well-known interface. A
container class is a supporting class whose purpose is to hide the
topology used for maintaining the list of objects in memory. When a
container class contains a group of mixed objects, the container is
called a heterogeneous container; when the container is holding a group
of objects that are all the same, the container is called a homogeneous
container.
What is an orthogonal base class?
If two base classes have no overlapping methods or data they are saidto be independent of, or orthogonal to each other. Orthogonal in the
sense means that two classes operate in different dimensions and do not
interfere with each other in any way. The same derived class may
inherit such classes with no difficulty.
What is a node class?
A node class is a class that,
=> relies on the base class for services and implementation,
=> provides a wider interface to the users than its base class,
=> relies primarily on virtual functions in its public interface
=> depends on all its direct and indirect base class
=> can be understood only in the context of the base class
=> can be used as base for further derivation
=> can be used to create objects.
A node class is a class that has added new services or functionality beyond the services inherited from its base class.
Define precondition and post-condition to a member function.
Precondition: A precondition is a condition that must be true on entryto a member function. A class is used correctly if preconditions are
never false. An operation is not responsible for doing anything
sensible if its precondition fails to hold. For example, the interface
invariants of stack class say nothing about pushing yet another element
on a stack that is already full. We say that isful() is a precondition
of the push operation. Post-condition: A post-condition is a condition
that must be true on exit from a member function if the precondition
was valid on entry to that function. A class is implemented correctly
if post-conditions are never false. For example, after pushing an
element on the stack, we know that isempty() must necessarily hold.
This is a post-condition of the push operation.
What do you mean by Stack unwinding?
It is aprocess during exception handling when the destructor is called for alllocal objects between the place where the exception was thrown and
where it is caught.
A class invariant is acondition that defines all valid states for an object. It is a logical
condition to ensure the correct working of a class. Class invariants
must hold when an object is created, and they must be preserved under
all operations of the class. In particular all class invariants are
both preconditions and post-conditions for all operations or member
functions of the class.
What is the difference between a pointer and a reference?
A reference must always refer to some object and,therefore, must always be initialized; pointers do not have suchrestrictions. A pointer can be reassigned to point to different objectswhile a reference always refers to an object with which it wasinitialized.What is inline function??
The __inline keyword tells the compiler to substitute thecode within the function definition for every instance of a functioncall. However, substitution occurs only at the compiler's discretion.For example, the compiler does not inline a function if its address istaken or if it is too large to inline.
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